comparison of route optimization and reverse routing for...
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Comparison of Route Optimization and Reverse Comparison of Route Optimization and Reverse Routing for Mobile IP Over IPv4Routing for Mobile IP Over IPv4
AdaAda Pang (Pang (smpangsmpang@@sfusfu.ca).ca)Edlic Yiu (Edlic Yiu (enyiuenyiu@@sfusfu.ca).ca)
Edwood Yiu (Edwood Yiu (eyiueyiu@@sfusfu.ca).ca)
http://www.http://www.sfusfu.ca/~.ca/~eyiueyiu
November 27, 2003November 27, 2003
ENSC 835ENSC 835--3: High3: High--Speed NetworksSpeed Networks
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November 27, 2003
RoadmapRoadmap
IntroductionIntroduction
Mobile IP OverviewMobile IP Overview
ImplementationImplementation
Results & AnalysisResults & Analysis
ConclusionConclusion
ReferencesReferences
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November 27, 2003
Introduction: Introduction: MotivationMotivation
Popularity of wireless communications and Popularity of wireless communications and portable devicesportable devices
The The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)introduced Mobile IP (MIP) to support mobile IP introduced Mobile IP (MIP) to support mobile IP addressesaddresses
Route Optimization in Mobile IP (ROMIP) Route Optimization in Mobile IP (ROMIP) ––address efficiencyaddress efficiency
Reverse Routing (RRMIP) Reverse Routing (RRMIP) –– message message simplificationsimplification
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November 27, 2003
Introduction: Introduction: Project ObjectiveProject Objective
Complete Route Optimization in NSComplete Route Optimization in NS--2 started 2 started by Leo Chen in Spring 2002by Leo Chen in Spring 2002
Provide a quantitative efficiency evaluation Provide a quantitative efficiency evaluation between MIP and ROMIPbetween MIP and ROMIP
Implement an alternate route optimization Implement an alternate route optimization ––Reverse RoutingReverse Routing
Compare performance between the two Compare performance between the two protocolsprotocols
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November 27, 2003
Mobile IP OverviewMobile IP Overview
What is Mobile IP?What is Mobile IP?
Provides continuous Internet connectivity to the Provides continuous Internet connectivity to the mobile usermobile user
Terminologies:Terminologies:
–– Home Agent (HA) / Foreign Agent (FA)Home Agent (HA) / Foreign Agent (FA)–– Mobile Host (MH)Mobile Host (MH)–– Corresponding Host (CH)Corresponding Host (CH)–– CareCare--OfOf--Address (COA)Address (COA)
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Mobile IP OverviewMobile IP Overview
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CH
HA
FA
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Mobile IP OverviewMobile IP Overview
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CH
HA
FA
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November 27, 2003
Mobile IP OverviewMobile IP Overview
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CH
HA
FA
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November 27, 2003
Mobile IP OverviewMobile IP Overview
Problem: Triangle RoutingProblem: Triangle Routing
MIP allows transparent interMIP allows transparent inter--operation between operation between MH and CHMH and CH
Indirect routing Indirect routing –– nonnon--efficient use of routing efficient use of routing packetspackets
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November 27, 2003
MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Route OptimizationRoute Optimization
Binding CacheBinding Cache
Allow packets to be sent directly to the MH, Allow packets to be sent directly to the MH, bypassing the HAbypassing the HA
Use 4 messages:Use 4 messages:
–– Binding Update (BU)Binding Update (BU)–– Binding Acknowledge (BA)Binding Acknowledge (BA)–– Binding Warning (BW)Binding Warning (BW)–– Binding Request (BR)Binding Request (BR)
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Route OptimizationRoute Optimization
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FA
HA
CH
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Route OptimizationRoute Optimization
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FA
HA
CH
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Route OptimizationRoute Optimization
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FA
HA
CH
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November 27, 2003
MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Route OptimizationRoute Optimization
Route Optimization: Smooth handoffRoute Optimization: Smooth handoff
DatagramsDatagrams in flight to the MH are lost during a in flight to the MH are lost during a transition period between different FAtransition period between different FA’’ss
MH informs the previous FA of the new MH addressMH informs the previous FA of the new MH address
Creates a temporary binding cache to address inCreates a temporary binding cache to address in--flight packetsflight packets
MH needs to retransmit BU messages to the MH needs to retransmit BU messages to the previous FA until a BA is receivedprevious FA until a BA is received
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November 27, 2003
MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Smooth HandoffSmooth Handoff
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CH
FA
FA
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November 27, 2003
MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Smooth HandoffSmooth Handoff
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CH
FA
FA
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Smooth HandoffSmooth Handoff
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CH
FA
FA
Binding Updatefrom HA
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November 27, 2003
MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Smooth HandoffSmooth Handoff
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CH
FA
FA
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November 27, 2003
MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Reverse RoutingReverse Routing
Why Reverse Routing?Why Reverse Routing?ROMIP ROMIP –– complex protocol and inconsistent cache complex protocol and inconsistent cache mobility bindingmobility binding
Offers simplicity of MIP and direct routing of Offers simplicity of MIP and direct routing of ROMIPROMIP
OverviewOverviewMH sends new COA directly to the CH via a MH sends new COA directly to the CH via a registration messageregistration message
CH router updates its routing table so that packets CH router updates its routing table so that packets for MH are routed directly to the new COAfor MH are routed directly to the new COA
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Reverse RoutingReverse Routing
CH
HA
FA
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Reverse RoutingReverse Routing
CH
HA
FA
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Reverse RoutingReverse Routing
CH
FA
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FA
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Reverse RoutingReverse Routing
CH
FA
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FA
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MIP Overview: MIP Overview: Reverse RoutingReverse Routing
CH
FA
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FA
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November 27, 2003
ImplementationImplementation
Installed NS 2.1b8 on LinuxInstalled NS 2.1b8 on Linux
Got LeoGot Leo’’s implementation workings implementation working
Completed the Route Optimization protocolCompleted the Route Optimization protocol
Added Binding Request HandlingAdded Binding Request Handling
Added Binding Acknowledge HandlingAdded Binding Acknowledge Handling
Added smooth handoffAdded smooth handoff
Added Reverse RoutingAdded Reverse Routing
Upgraded to NS 2.26Upgraded to NS 2.26
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November 27, 2003
ImplementationImplementation
Agent
MIPBSAgent MIPMHAgent
Classifier
MIPDecapsulatorMIPEncapsulator
MobileNode
MIPBS MIPMH
Node
Route OptimizationReverse RoutingBoth
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C++OTCL
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November 27, 2003
Results & AnalysisResults & Analysis
Protocol performance of ROMIP vs. MIPProtocol performance of ROMIP vs. MIP
16Time (s)
Average Delay (s)
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Results & AnalysisResults & Analysis
Smooth handoff performance (compared to LeoSmooth handoff performance (compared to Leo’’s)s)
17Time (s)
Average Delay (s)
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Results & AnalysisResults & Analysis
Reverse Routing performance graphReverse Routing performance graph
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Average Delay (s)
Time (s)
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November 27, 2003
Future WorkFuture Work
Comparison of ROMIP/RRMIP with other Comparison of ROMIP/RRMIP with other approaches [7]approaches [7]
Comparison of mobility support between IPv4 Comparison of mobility support between IPv4 and IPv6and IPv6
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November 27, 2003
ConclusionConclusion
ROMIP does offer better performance than MIPROMIP does offer better performance than MIP
Smooth handoff offers smaller packet lost Smooth handoff offers smaller packet lost during during ‘‘transitiontransition’’ periodsperiods
Reverse Routing does eliminate inefficiency of Reverse Routing does eliminate inefficiency of MIP and complexity of ROMIPMIP and complexity of ROMIP
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November 27, 2003
ReferencesReferences
[1] H. Chen and L. [1] H. Chen and L. TrajkovicTrajkovic, "Simulation of Route , "Simulation of Route OptimzationOptimzation in Mobile in Mobile IP," SFU, Sept 11, 2002.IP," SFU, Sept 11, 2002.
[2] C. Perkins, "IP Mobility Support," RFC 2002, October 1996: [2] C. Perkins, "IP Mobility Support," RFC 2002, October 1996: http://www.http://www.ietfietf.org/.org/rfcrfc/rfc2002.txt /rfc2002.txt (accessed in October 2003).(accessed in October 2003).
[3] C. Perkins, "IP Mobility Support For IPv4," RFC 3220, Januar[3] C. Perkins, "IP Mobility Support For IPv4," RFC 3220, January 2002: y 2002: http://www.http://www.ietfietf.org/.org/rfcrfc/rfc3220.txt /rfc3220.txt (accessed in October 2003).(accessed in October 2003).
[4] C. Perkins and D. Johnson, "Route Optimization in Mobile IP,[4] C. Perkins and D. Johnson, "Route Optimization in Mobile IP," Internet " Internet Draft, February 2000: Draft, February 2000: hhttpttp://people.://people.nokianokia.net/~.net/~charliepcharliep/txt//txt/optimoptim//optimoptim.txt .txt (accessed in October 2003).(accessed in October 2003).
[5] P. Calhoun and C. Perkins, "Mobile IP Challenge/Response Ext[5] P. Calhoun and C. Perkins, "Mobile IP Challenge/Response Extensions," ensions," RFC 3012, November 2000: RFC 3012, November 2000: http://www.http://www.ietfietf.org/.org/rfcrfc/rfc3012.txt /rfc3012.txt (accessed in October 2003).(accessed in October 2003).
[6] P. [6] P. ZhouZhou and O. Yang, "Reverse Routing: An Alternative to MIP and and O. Yang, "Reverse Routing: An Alternative to MIP and ROMIP Protocols," Proceedings of 1999 IEEE Canadian Conference oROMIP Protocols," Proceedings of 1999 IEEE Canadian Conference on n Electrical and Computer Engineering, Volume 1, pp. 150Electrical and Computer Engineering, Volume 1, pp. 150--155. 155.
[7] R. [7] R. JainJain, T. Raleigh, et al. , T. Raleigh, et al. ““Enhancing Survivability of Mobile Internet Enhancing Survivability of Mobile Internet Access Using Mobile IP with Location RegistersAccess Using Mobile IP with Location Registers””, INFOCOM, INFOCOM’’99. 99. Proceedings of Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Proceedings of Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Volume: 1 pp. 3 Computer and Communications Societies. Volume: 1 pp. 3 –– 11.11.
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