EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHES

AXIOLOGY EPISTEMOLOGY ONTOLOGY WEAKNESSESS

1. IDEALISM -Immitating heroes and other exemplars-goodness is an ideal state, something to be strived for.

-truth is to be found in the consistency of ideas.-teaching ideas via lecture, discussions.

-reality is seen as a word within a person’s mind.-a world of the mind.

-students in this kind of school have a passive role. Memorization of lecture is utilized by students.-change is regarded as an intrusion on the orderly process of education.

2.REALISM Training in rules of conduct

Teachings fro mastery of information, demonstration, recite

The world of things exist independently of the mindCan be revealed to the mind through sensory experience and the use of reason.

More concerned with things as they are than things as they should be.

3.EXPERIMENTALISM -Making group decisions in the light of consequences.-goodness is what is accepted by public test.

-problem-solving, project method.-truth is what presently functions.

-reality is what is actually experienced.-subject matter of social experiences-social studies.

Too much time is needed for research that will yield truth or evidence.

4.SCHOLASTICISM -Man must first know the good in order to be good. Therefore he must develop the good action by which he chooses good, because it is within the natural potentialities to choose good rather than evil, because God is the ultimate good and final end of every man.-religion is a part of a curriculum in order to provide for the

-Not all truth can be known by reason because of the restriction present in sense of knowledge. Some truth can be achieved through the gift of faith and these are absolute and unchanging.-the use of reason in accomplishing truth is needed.

Man is rational being possessing body and soul and has an immortal destiny.

Some students of different religious background may not be able to relate well to the philosophical teachings that are based on religious doctrines.

Development of virtue and wisdom.

5.PROGRESSIVISM -Guidance is made an integral part of teaching and learning.-emphasis is on group planning, discussion, self-experience, creativeness and responsibility.

-Learning by doing or experiencing are emphasized in the educative process.-the school curriculum is based on activities and projects that are in line with the pupil’s needs and abilities.

-Child grows and develops as a whole through his own experience or self-activity.-learning is a natural experience.

Whole- class teaching method may not be used appropriately.

6.PRAGMATISM Educational program that would focus not only on value development, but like in experimentalism, also in terms of group consequences.

There is no absolute and unchanging truth, but rather, truth is what works.

Reality is constantly changing and we learn best through applying our experiences and thoughts to problems, as they arise.

Some people may confuse pragmatism with a lack of feelings in teaching.

7.HUMANISM Achievement of the highest concept of human welfare, freedom and dignity.

Rejects all supernaturalism and relies primarily upon reason and science, democracy and compassion.

Necessary to study the person as a whole, especially as an individual grows and develops over lifespan.

Concepts are too vague. Involves too much common sense and not enough objectivity.