comparison of four gas measurement technologies orifice ... · dp orifice established standards...

Comparison of Four Gas

Measurement Technologies

OrificeTurbineCoriolis amp

Ultrasonic

DAVID FISHER3Q Measurement Services

Over 30 years experience spanning all aspects of measurement inthe hydrocarbon supply chain including the design testing

consulting amp auditing of Measurement Systems

Affiliate of the Energy Institute Chartered Engineer with the Engineering Council CEngMember of the Institute of Measurement and Control MinstMC

Industry Paper already Presented

2002 NSFMW -co author David Fisher

In 15 years the same technologies

have advanced furthermore the

Industry Standards have changed

Todayrsquos Take-on these Technology Comparisons amp Add Liquefaction in the Supply Chain Applications

PREVIOUS STUDY

Today Kuwait is increasingly relying on imports of natural gas to meet domestic demand

KPC Drive to Increase NG production to 3 billion cubic feet per day by 2030

According to the Oil amp Gas Journal as of January 2016

~ 63 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural gas reserves

KUWAITrsquoS GAS LANDSCAPE

The Technologies that Industry Applies for High Accuracy Transfers in the Gas Supply Chain

MEASUREMENT DEVICES

DEVICES COMPARISONS

DP OrificeEstablished Standards

Simple amp RobustPhysical Inspection

Mechanical MetersExcellent short term Repeatability

Direct Pulse OutputGood Transient Response

Coriolis MetersDirect Mass Flow

Multi Variable DeviceMultiple Applications

WHY IOCrsquos SELECT CERTAIN

TECHNOLOGIES

Ultrasonic MetersNon Intrusive

Large Turn Down RatioLarge Diagnostics Range

GAS SUPPLY CHAIN

PRODUCTION TRANSMISSION STORAGE DISTRIBUTION

Assets Allocation Investment Trading amp Capacity Allocation Fiscal Transactions

I NEED SUSTAINABLE

ACCURACY

WHAT METER DO I NEED

I NEED RELIABLE MEASUREMENT

I NEED TOMEASURE MY STOCKS

amp BALANCES

Reserves

Production Processing CompressionTransmission

Import to LNG Tank Storage

City Gate Regulator

Domestic Demand

Conversion to LNG Export

Access by 3rd Parties

PRODUCTION - SEPARATOR

COMPARING THE FOUR TECHNOLOGIES

IN A PRODUCTION APPLICATION

In all cases same process data high methane compositions are being evaluated with calorific values in the upper range limit gt 800 kJoulemol

ALLOCATION PRODUCTION SEPARATOR

ASSOCIATED GAS LEG ndash Qmax 3-35 MMSCFD

Metering Requirements Dictate a System Approach

ORIFICE TURBINE CORIOLIS ULTRASONIC

Application Challenges ndashbull Achieving Flow Turndownbull Operating at Low DPbull Installation FootprintTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt+-10 of Rate

Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Flow Profile Sensitivebull High LVF Damage MeterTypical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 05 linear

Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Wet Gas

Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase +- 035 of Rate

Application Challenges ndashbull Effects of Liquid Carry-Overbull Limitation on Small Sizes

Typical Performance ndashSingle Phase lt +- 015 linear

CAPEX ndash Taking account of Instrument and Skid Fabrication costs

OPEX ndash Taking account of 5 year Maintenance Requirements and Re-Calibration Frequencies

Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Upstream Pipework

Manual Intervention Frequent Blade Checks Periodic Re-Calibration

No Installation Effect

Can Re-Calibration on Water

TRANSMISSION - PIPELINE


IN A TRANSMISSION APPLICATION


GATHERING CENTRE DISCHARGE TO

TRANSMISSION NETWORK ndash Qmax 1500 MMSCFD



Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Multiple Streams Required

Typical Performance ndashlt +- 10 of Rate

Application Challenges ndashbull Filtration Requiredbull Installation Footprintbull No DiagnosticsTypical Performance ndash+- 05 linear

Application Challenges ndashbull Large Amount of Gas being

Measured

Typical Performance ndash+- 035 of Rate

Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprint

Typical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear



Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Reduced Equipment

Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Master Metering Available

Many Meters Required

Multiple Equipment Checks

STORAGE - LNG


IN A STORAGE APPLICATION


LIQUEFACTION TO LNG STORAGE TANKS ndash

Per Train Qmax 800 MMSCFD



Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Operating at Low Temp

Typical Performance ndashNot Suitable

Application Challenges ndashbull Cryogenic Requirement


Application Challenges ndashbull Low Pressure amp Density

Typical Performance ndashAchievable +- 05 of Rate


Typical Performance ndashProven lt +- 022 linear




Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Calibration transfer accepted

Special materials

Frequent HSE checks

DISTRIBUTION ndash CITY GATE


IN A DOMESTIC APPLICATION


CITY GATE SMALL CONSUMER ndash Qmax 1-10 MMSCFD



Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Achieving Flow Turndown



Application Challenges ndashbull PRS


Application Challenges ndashbull Installation Footprintbull Limitation on Small Sizesbull PRSTypical Performance ndashlt +- 015 linear



Skid Footprint Additional Accessories Limited in small sizes

Manual Intervention More Equipment Checks Minimal Maintenance

Ease of Installation

Low Maintenance requirements

UNITS amp UNCERTAINTY

MAIN CONTRIBUTORS TO MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

ORIFICE Coefficient of Discharge brings the biggest error TURBINE K-Factor amp Reynolds No Effect CORIOLIS Mass Calibration ULTRASONIC Reference Standard amp Installation Effect

WhereQgov = Gross Volume Flowrate Qm = Mass FlowrateQsv = Standard Volume FlowrateQe = Energy FlowrateΡf = Flowing Gas DensityΡb = Base Density of GasCVavg = Calorific Value Averaged either for Mass or Volume

LNG Using the GIIGNL Handbook as a reference this states measurement accuracies as followsVolume +- 021 Density +- 027 Gross Calorific Value +- 035 For static measurements dynamic measurement needs traceable reference

For gas flow std m3 the design and measured compressibility factors at standard conditions (101325 Kpa 15degC) are assumed to be the same compressibility factors for most gases and are close to unity at standard conditions

THE STANDARDSTHE INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES USED FOR GAS MEASUREMENT DEVICES

CORIOLISAGA Report No11 API 1492013 - Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MetersASME MFC-11-2006 - Measurement of Fluid by Means of Coriolis Mass FlowmeterISO 107902015 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits -- Guidance to the selection installation and use of Coriolis meters

ORIFICEAGA Report No3 API 1432016 - Orifice metering of natural gasISO 51672016- Orifice plates nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full)

TURBINEAGA Report No72006 - Measurement of gas by turbine metersISO 99511993 - Measurement of Gas Flow in closed conduits Turbine Meters

ULTRASONICAGA Report No92017 - Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic MetersAGA Report No102003 ndash Speed of sound in Natural Gas and other related HydrocarbonsISO 17089-12010 - Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits - Ultrasonic meters for gas

GENERALAGA Report No62013 - Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer MethodsOMIL R1372014 ndash International Recommendations Gas MetersAPI Chapter 142016 - Natural Gas Fluids MeasurementGIIGNLrsquos 2017 - 5TH Edition LNG Custody Transfer Handbook

CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING

it is shown that Coriolis meters offer the best CAPEX

and OPEX costs as well as providing the best immunity

to process upsets in terms of for functionality and

accuracy However in stable conditions DP meters can

provide the best economical solution

PIPELINE METERING

In the transmission pipeline applications it is shown

that Ultrasonic meters provide the most economic

option both in terms of CAPEX and OPEX Due to

very large volumes the technology copes best

LNG STORAGE

When storing refrigerated product stock taking becomes crucial and

knowing with degrees of accuracy your inputs and

outputs Both Coriolis and Ultrasonic technologies are

well adapted for this application

CITY GATE METERING

For the distribution example with small consumers the

Coriolis meter proves to be the optimum solution

However large to medium consumers the Ultrasonic

meters can provide the best economic solution

Thanks for Attention

Back at 1250pm

DAVID FISHER3Q Measurement Services

Over 30 years experience spanning all aspects of measurement inthe hydrocarbon supply chain including the design testing

consulting amp auditing of Measurement Systems

Affiliate of the Energy Institute Chartered Engineer with the Engineering Council CEngMember of the Institute of Measurement and Control MinstMC







PREVIOUS STUDY







MEASUREMENT DEVICES

DEVICES COMPARISONS








TECHNOLOGIES



GAS SUPPLY CHAIN



I NEED SUSTAINABLE

ACCURACY




amp BALANCES

Reserves



City Gate Regulator

Domestic Demand



































Measured










STORAGE - LNG




















Special materials

Frequent HSE checks
































CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING






PIPELINE METERING





LNG STORAGE





CITY GATE METERING






Back at 1250pm







PREVIOUS STUDY







MEASUREMENT DEVICES

DEVICES COMPARISONS








TECHNOLOGIES



GAS SUPPLY CHAIN



I NEED SUSTAINABLE

ACCURACY




amp BALANCES

Reserves



City Gate Regulator

Domestic Demand



































Measured










STORAGE - LNG




















Special materials

Frequent HSE checks
































CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING






PIPELINE METERING





LNG STORAGE





CITY GATE METERING






Back at 1250pm







MEASUREMENT DEVICES

DEVICES COMPARISONS








TECHNOLOGIES



GAS SUPPLY CHAIN



I NEED SUSTAINABLE

ACCURACY




amp BALANCES

Reserves



City Gate Regulator

Domestic Demand



































Measured










STORAGE - LNG




















Special materials

Frequent HSE checks
































CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING






PIPELINE METERING





LNG STORAGE





CITY GATE METERING






Back at 1250pm

DEVICES COMPARISONS








TECHNOLOGIES



GAS SUPPLY CHAIN



I NEED SUSTAINABLE

ACCURACY




amp BALANCES

Reserves



City Gate Regulator

Domestic Demand



































Measured










STORAGE - LNG




















Special materials

Frequent HSE checks
































CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING






PIPELINE METERING





LNG STORAGE





CITY GATE METERING






Back at 1250pm

GAS SUPPLY CHAIN



I NEED SUSTAINABLE

ACCURACY




amp BALANCES

Reserves



City Gate Regulator

Domestic Demand



































Measured










STORAGE - LNG




















Special materials

Frequent HSE checks
































CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING






PIPELINE METERING





LNG STORAGE





CITY GATE METERING






Back at 1250pm

































Measured










STORAGE - LNG




















Special materials

Frequent HSE checks
































CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING






PIPELINE METERING





LNG STORAGE





CITY GATE METERING






Back at 1250pm

STORAGE - LNG




















Special materials

Frequent HSE checks
































CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING






PIPELINE METERING





LNG STORAGE





CITY GATE METERING






Back at 1250pm
































CONCLUSION

IN SUMMARY

PRODUCTION METERING






PIPELINE METERING





LNG STORAGE





CITY GATE METERING






Back at 1250pm


Back at 1250pm

comparison of four gas measurement technologies orifice ... · dp orifice established standards...

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