comparative public administration mpa503 development administration
TRANSCRIPT
COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MPA503
Development Administration
SUMMARY/RECAP
• ECOLOGICAL APPRTOACHRIGGS MODELS• AGRARIA – INDUSTRIA• ITERMEDIATE – TRANSITA• FUSED – PRISMATIC – DIFFRACTED• BAZAAR – CANTEEN MODEL• REVISED PRISMATIC MODELDAHLs CONTRIBUTION
EMERGENCEEMERGED IN 1950s AND 1960s UNDER THE
FOLLOWING SCENARIO:• LESS ATTENTION TO GOALS
OFADMINISTRATION• NEWLY INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES IN
ASIA,AFRICA AND SOUTH AMERICA• U.N SPONSORED SCHEMES • AMERICAN TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC
PLANS• COMPARATIVE ADMINISTRATION
GROUP(1960)• SEARCH FOR NEW MODELS
DEFINITIONSDEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION INVOLVES
MANAGING A GOVERNMENT/ITS AGENCY SO THAT IT ACQUIRES INCREASING CAPABILITY TO ADAPT TO AND ACT UPON NEW AND CONTINUING SOCIAL CHANGES TO ATTAIN A SUSTAINED GROWTH IN POLITICAL,ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FIELDS (HAN BEEN LEE)
DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION IS THE ENGINEERING OF SOCIAL CHANGE (M.LANDAU)
DEFINITIONS• DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION IN
CONTEXTUAL AND OPERATIONAL IMPLIES EFFICIENT ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OF A NATION TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS OF DEVELOPMENT (K.R.HOPE)
• DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION IS THE ADMINISTRATION OF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS INECONOMIC,SOCIAL AND POLITICALSPHERES INCLUDING PROGRAMS FOR IMPROVING BUREAUCRACY TO ENSURE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (JOSE ABUEVA)
DEFINITIONS• DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION FOCUSES
ON ORGANIZING AND ADMINISTERING PUBLIC AGENCIES IN A WAY WHICH STIMULATES AND FACILITATES DEFINED PROGRAMS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS.IT SEEKS TO MAKE CHANGE ATTRACTIVE AND POSSIBLE
PURPOSE: SOCIO – ECONOMIC PROGRESS LOYALTIES: ACCOUNTABLE TO PEOPLE ATTITUDES:
POSITIVE,INNOVATIVE,PERSUASIVEGEORGE GANT
CHARACTERISTICS
• CHANGE OREINTATION• GOAL ORIENTATION• COMMITMENT• CLIENT OREINTATION• TEMPORAL DIMENSION• CITIZEN PARTICIPATIVE ORIENTATION
CHARACTERISTICS
• INNOVATIVENESS: IMPROVING ADMINISTRATIVE
STRUCTURES• ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE• EFFECTIVE COORDINATION• RESPONSIVENESS
APPROACHES• 1950s & 1960s EMPHASISED WESTERN MODEL
AND GNP AS A MEASURE OF PROGRESS• ECONOMIC APPROACH HIGHLIGHTED BY ADAM
SMITH,KARL MARX,KEYNES FOCUSSED ON ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH INDUSTRIALISATION
• DIFFUSION APPROACH EXPLAINED DEVELOPMENT THROUGH A PROCESS WHERIN A THIRD WORLD COUNTRY ADOPTS CAPITAL,TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE FROM WESTERN COUNTRIES
APPROACHES• PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH :EXPLAINS
DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF PRESENCE OF SOME INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY TRAITS LIKE ACHIEVEMENT – MOTIVATION,CHANGE ORIENTATION,LESS AUTHORITARIAN ETC
• DEPENDENCY THEORY : HIGHLIGHTS THAT PERSISTENT POVERTY OF THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES IS A REFLECTION OF THEIR DEPENDENCY ON WESTERN INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES DUE TO COLONIALISM & NEO-COLONIALISM,
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHESCONTEXT BASED(NOT UNIVERSAL SINGLE
THEORY )APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT WHICH ARE PLURALISTIC AND MORE INDIGENOUS /LESS WESTERN HAVING THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
1. GREATER EQUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPMENT BENIFITS
2. POPULAR PARTICIPATION,KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND EMPOWERMENT TO FACILITATE SELF DEVELOPMENT BY INDIVIDUALS,GROUPS AND COMMUNITIES
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES
3. SELF RELIANCE AND INDEPENDENCE IN DEVELOPMENT EMPHASISING THE POTENTIAL OF LOCAL RESOURCES
4. LIMITING GROWTH OF POPULATION5. INTEGRATION OF APPROPRIATE
TECH NOLOGY WITH BIG MODERN TECHNOLOGIES TO FACILITATE DEVELOPMENT
TRENDS
• BLUEPRINT TO LEARNING PROCESSBLUE PRINT APPROACH IS RIGID AND CLOSE
ENDED WHEREAS THE LEARNING APPROACH IS FLEXIBLE AND OPEN ENDED
THE BLUEPRINT APPROACH EMPHASISES ADVANCED PLANNING FOR THE PEOPLE,THE LEARNING APPROACH EMPHASISES PLANNING WITH PEOPLE AND DOING SO DURING THE PROCESS OF ADMINISTERING A DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
TRENDSFROM PRODUCTION CENTERED TO PEOPLE
CENTERED
THE PRODUCTION CENTERED APPROACH INVOLVES PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES TO MAXIMISE RETURNS ON INVESTMENT,IT CONCENTRATES ON INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
THE PEOPLE CENTERED APPROACH EMPHASISES THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE
,EMPOWERMENT OF THE PEOPLE,RESPONSIVE ADMINISTRATION,SELF RELIANCE,HUMAN GROWTH,SOCIO-ECONOMIC EQUALITY,WELL-BEING AND SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELOPMENT VS TRADITIONAL
• CHANGE ORIENTED/STATUS QUO• DYNAMIC & RIGID/HIERARCHICAL &
RIGID• EFFECTVENESS & GOALS/ECONOMY
& EFFICIENCY• COMPLEX OBJECTIVES/SIMPLE
OBJECTIVES
DEVELOPMENT VS TRADITIONAL
• NEW TASKS/ROUTINE OPERATIONS• DECENTRALISATION/CENTRALISATION• DETAILED PLANNING/NOT MUCH
PLANNING• CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE/RESISTS
CHANGE• PARTICIPATIVE STYLE/AUTHORITATIVE
STYLE
DEVELOPMENT VS TRADITIONAL
• WIDE SCOPE/LIMITED SCOPE OF OPERATIONS
• TEMPORAL DIMENSION/NO TIME LIMIT• OUTWARD LOOKING/INWARD LOOKING
CRITICISM
• COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER• DISTINCTION UNREALISTIC AND OVER
SIMPLISTIC• IMPRESSION THAT DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATION IS CONCERNED SOLELY WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES REDUCES THE UTILITY OF THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION WHEN APPLIED TO COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
PROBLEMS
• LACK OF EXPERIENCE OF ADMINISTRATORS• LACK OF GOOD MANAGERS AND
TECHNIQUES• LACK OF COMMITMENT• INFLUENCE OF OLD TRADITIONS AND
CUSTOMS• POLITICAL PARTIES CONCERNED MORE WITH
THEIR OWN PERPETUATION• LACK OF COORDINATION BETWEEN
GENERALISTS AND SPECIALISTS
CORRUPTION
• PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IS ITSELF SUSCEPTIBLE TO CORRUPTION SINCE OFFICIALS EXERCISE A LOT OF POWER
• MUCH OF THE BENEFITS OF RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH OR A STABLE POLITICAL ORDER MAY BE LOST IN THE GROWING TIDE OF COPRRUPTION