comparative linguistic analysis of cross-gender and same-gender interactions during virtual job...
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Comparative Linguistic Analysis ofComparative Linguistic Analysis ofCross-gender and Same-Gender Cross-gender and Same-Gender
Interactions During Virtual Job Interviews Interactions During Virtual Job Interviews using Virtual Reality Technologyusing Virtual Reality Technology
Courtney WangCourtney Wang
Mentor: Dr. Shelley Brundage Mentor: Dr. Shelley Brundage
IntroductionIntroduction
Disciplines of Sociolinguistics and Disciplines of Sociolinguistics and Speech-Language PathologySpeech-Language Pathology
Gender StudiesGender Studies Nature of fellowship studyNature of fellowship study
Interview StudiesInterview Studies
Previous Focus on: Previous Focus on: Conversational Conversational
AnalysisAnalysis Paralinguistic/ Paralinguistic/
linguistic Behaviorlinguistic Behavior Turn-taking Turn-taking
procedureprocedure
Study focuses on:Study focuses on: Combination of Combination of
quantitative and quantitative and qualitative factors, qualitative factors, based on:based on:
DisfluencyDisfluency GenderGender
DisfluencyDisfluency
Quality of DisfluencyQuality of Disfluency Quantity of DisfluencyQuantity of Disfluency Relationship to Relationship to interviewerinterviewer variables: Dr. variables: Dr.
Brundage’s Stuttering StudyBrundage’s Stuttering Study
Interviews and GenderInterviews and Gender
Bogaers (1998): Focus on laughter, Bogaers (1998): Focus on laughter, interruptions, initiation/response. Studied interruptions, initiation/response. Studied qualitative and quantitative aspects in qualitative and quantitative aspects in total of 4 interviewstotal of 4 interviews
Gender StudiesGender Studies
Judith Butler: Nature of GenderJudith Butler: Nature of Gender Deborah Tannen: Gender and linguistic Deborah Tannen: Gender and linguistic
interactioninteraction Study focuses on relative comfort levels Study focuses on relative comfort levels
based on genderbased on gender
Purpose of StudyPurpose of Study
Measure comparative comfort levels and Measure comparative comfort levels and disfluencydisfluency
Describe the relationship between interviewer Describe the relationship between interviewer gender and relative comfort level based on gender and relative comfort level based on participants’ self-perceptionparticipants’ self-perception
Determine which survey best reflects subject’s Determine which survey best reflects subject’s comfort level in interview scenariocomfort level in interview scenario
MethodMethod
Equipment and MaterialsEquipment and Materials Data collection: surveys and audioData collection: surveys and audio Data AnalysisData Analysis
Virtual RealityVirtual Reality
Apparatus: Head Mounted Display Apparatus: Head Mounted Display (HMD)(HMD)
Software (Virtually Better, Inc)Software (Virtually Better, Inc) Interview ScenariosInterview Scenarios
Virtual Male InterviewerVirtual Male Interviewer
Virtual Female Virtual Female InterviewerInterviewer
SurveysSurveys
Personal Report of Communication Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24)Apprehension (PRCA-24)
Personal Report of Confidence as a Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker (PRCS)Speaker (PRCS)
Gender SurveyGender Survey Immersion QuestionnaireImmersion Questionnaire
Audio RecordingAudio Recording
Subjects’ responses are recorded directly Subjects’ responses are recorded directly to CD during interviewto CD during interview
Transcription ProcessTranscription Process Reliability ChecksReliability Checks
Data AnalysisData Analysis
Quantitative analyses: correlations Quantitative analyses: correlations between communication apprehension, between communication apprehension, confidence, disfluency, and genderconfidence, disfluency, and gender
Qualitative analyses: Comparison of Qualitative analyses: Comparison of Male/Female resultsMale/Female results
Discussion of VariablesDiscussion of Variables
Disfluency: Percentage of Total Disfluency: Percentage of Total Disfluencies per Interview Condition (% Disfluencies per Interview Condition (% Disfluency)Disfluency)
Gender SurveyGender Survey PRCA-24 and PRCSPRCA-24 and PRCS
CorrelationsCorrelations
Significant correlations found between Significant correlations found between PRCA and PRCS (similar findings found PRCA and PRCS (similar findings found for persons who stutter)for persons who stutter)
No significant correlations found between No significant correlations found between disfluency, communication apprehension, disfluency, communication apprehension, or communication confidenceor communication confidence
Comfort Level Data: MaleComfort Level Data: Male
1 = Male 1 = same
% total Subject 0 = female 0 = different
Self-rated
Subject Gender
rating Disfluenciessame:cr
oss GenderMost
intimidatingMost
comfortable Quality
VR-LI-01 3 5.08 Higher M 1 0 7
VR-LI-03 3 4.64 Higher M 1 0 8
VR-LI-08 3 6.73 Higher M 1 0 5
VR-LI-09 3 13.20 Lower M 0 1 5
VR-LI-10 3 5.07 Lower M 0 1 6
Comfort Level Data: FemaleComfort Level Data: Female
1 = Male 1 = same
% total Subject 0 = female 0 = different
Self-rated
Subject Gender
ratingDisfluencie
ssame:cros
s GenderMost
intimidatingMost
comfortable Quality
VR-LI-05 6 6.96 Higher F 0 0 8
VR-LI-06 6 2.38 Higher F 0 0 6
VR-LI-02 7 3.75 Lower F 1 1 2
VR-LI-04 7 3.69 Higher F 0 0 8
VR-LI-07 9 8.94 Higher F 0 0 3
FindingsFindings
There is a relationship between comfort There is a relationship between comfort level/intimidation and % disfluency level level/intimidation and % disfluency level between gendersbetween genders
Men had a higher mean of % total Men had a higher mean of % total disfluencies overall.disfluencies overall.
Overall ResultsOverall Results
Preliminary findings show that men score Preliminary findings show that men score themselves more narrowly on gender themselves more narrowly on gender scalescale
Disfluency levels corresponded to Disfluency levels corresponded to perceived intimidationperceived intimidation
Application of ResearchApplication of Research
Medical InterviewMedical Interview Job InterviewJob Interview Gender Studies: Male/Female Gender Studies: Male/Female
interactional perceptionsinteractional perceptions Disfluency training and rehabilitationDisfluency training and rehabilitation