comparative analysis of the united states and japanese legal systems omihachiman, japan: j-chat 20...
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE UNITED STATES AND JAPANESE LEGAL SYSTEMS
Omihachiman, Japan: J-Chat20 June 2011
Timothy J. BlanchBLANCH LAW GROUP, PLLC
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Fun Legal Facts
United States米国[bei-koku]
• Lawyer – means a person authorized to act on behalf of someone else.
• Attorney – means a person trained and qualified to give legal advise to clients and represent them in court.
• Around 1.2 million licensed attorneys
Japan 日本[nihon]
• Bengoshi (弁護士 ) lit “advocate” - means a licensed Japanese attorney.
• Around 30,516 licensed bengoshi
• Benrishi ( 弁理士 ) – means intellectual property lawyer. [Patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret matters]
• Gaikokuho Jimu Bengoshi (外国穂事務弁護 士 ) – means “foreign registered attorney”. Gaiben or GJB for short.
• Around 325 licensed GJBs
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Bengoshi & GJB Lapel Pin
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Fun Legal Facts
米国
• Around 1.2 million attorneys in U.S.
• 307 million people in U.S.
• 1 attorney for every 256 people
日本
• Around 30, 516 licensed bengoshi in Japan.
• 128 million people in Japan
• 1 bengoshi for every 4,195 people
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What do they look like?
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Common Law v Civil Law Jurisdiction
米国
1. Based on:• English law
2. Common Law Jurisdiction• Law is developed by judicial
opinions; case law or precedent• Stare decisis
日本
1. Based on:• Chinese, German & French law
2. Civil Law Jurisdiction• Laws are written down in
collections• codified
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Sources of Law
米国
1. Sources of Law
(a) Constitution(b) Statutes(c) Court Precedent(d) Administrative
日本
1. Sources of Law
(a) Constitution(b) Statutes: Roppo [six laws]
1) Civil Code2) Commercial Code3) Criminal Code4) Constitution of Japan5) Code of Criminal Procedure6) Code of Civil Procedure
(c) Administrative
Court Precedent: Judges only apply law; Not binding law.
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Court System (米国 )
Federal Courts (1)
U.S. Supreme CourtU.S. Court Of Appeals
U.S. District Court
State Courts* (50)
Supreme CourtCourt of Appeals
Circuit CourtDistrict CourtSmall Claims
*Michigan Court Structure
Court of AppealsSuperior Court
D.C. (1)
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Court System (日本 )
Supreme Court (1)
High Court (8)(Intellectual Property High Court - Tokyo)
District Court (50) (Family Court) Felonies
Summary Court (438)- Minor criminal offenses – less than JPY1,400,000
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Jury v. Lay Judge System
米国• Jury of your peers• Cannot ask questions
日本• “Lay Judge” system (unique
to civil law jurisdictions)
• They act as judges; they can examine witnesses, ask questions and investigate
• Jury – “baishin in”
• Lay Judge – “saiban in”
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Hanami!
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Emergency
If you get arrested, call the Duty Attorney at the local bar association!
Tokyo: (03) 3580-0082
“Toban bengoshi o yonde kudasai”
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Contact Information
Timothy J. BlanchMember
Address: 2825 Northridge Drive N.W., Grand Rapids, MI 49544Email: [email protected]: (616) 987-0394Fax: (616) 784-3622URL: www.blanchlawgroup.com