community energy storage - ieee-pes.org · s&c electric company 5 ieee pes summer, 2011. new...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 1 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Community Energy StorageCommunicating with a Smart Utility Grid
Don Berkowitz
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 2 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
CES – A “Virtual” Power Plant
• 2 MW Storage-based• Substation-located
Communications• 2 MW Storage-based• Grid-edge
…
A distributed, storage based power plant…
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 3 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
CES – A “Virtual” Power Plant
• Unlimited scalability – no financing• Cost-competitive within 1-2 years• Superior feature set• Limited energy storage• Barriers are regulatory and "mindset”
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 4 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Leveraging the Capabilities of Distributed Storage
• Risk-averse climate of electric distribution• Control system must leverage capabilities• Edge-of-the-grid capacity management• Balance/prioritizing multiple constraints • Improved service reliability
– Islanding– Reserve capacity for reconfiguration
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 5 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
New Challenges in Distribution
• Distribution grid design – built for estimated growth• Electric vehicles – significant new load
– High non-linear demand while charging– Two cars per household– Multiple customers per transformer– Growth cannot be predicted
• Multiple cars per transformer already happening• Mindset-changing circumstances
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 6 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Feeder Capacity Management
“Overcapacity Zone”
• Assumptions gone wrong• Abnormal weather• Unexpected growth• Unanticipated technology (Ex. PEVs)
“Normal” or Planned Capacity
~400-640
~800-1000 A(minimum trip)
“Emergency” Cap.
Overload
Protection
“Continuous” Capacity
Current
Time
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 7 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Feeder Capacity Management
Underground Feeder – Cutaway View
Shielded Cable in Conduit Pavement
Sand/earth fillConcrete-lined duct
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 8 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Underground Feeder Capacity
• Thermal factors are complex• Variation over length of run
• Cable life is dominated by thermal history– Through-fault duty– Integrated time while “overcapacity”
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 9 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Underground Feeder Capacity
• Measurement tools• Modeling tools• Real-time capability
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 10 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
CES – Distributed Energy Management
• Ability to address thermal capacity• Transformer overload• Phase-dependent issues
– Phase imbalance– Voltage support– Reactive power
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 11 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Control System Architecture - Challenges
• Distribution equipment communications … no
• Algorithms• Reliability• Integration with central office applications• Cyber Security
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 12 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Control System Architecture - Reliability
Substation-centric application
• Colocation with critical equipment• Reduction of NERC-level impacts• Cyber security isolation
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 13 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Reliability – Fault tolerance
Feeders & Communication Infrastructure
Operation Center
Substation 1 Substation 2 Substation 3…
Fleet 1Fleet 2
Fleet 3…
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 14 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Control System Architecture - Reliability
• Substation-hardened• Self-contained • Sized for individual substation• Protected from failures of comm.
backbone
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 15 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Control System Architecture
Integration with operation center & substation applications
• GIS• OMS• DMS/SCADA
– Circuit reconfiguration– Volt/VAR
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 16 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
The Smart Grid CES™ Hub Control System
SCADA
DatabasesConfiguration
Real TimeHistorical
Connectivity
Hub GUI HMI
CES Hub(Dispatch Engine)
DNP Device Server
Substation DNP Devices
Wide Area Comm.
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 17 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
The Smart Grid CES™ Hub Control System
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 18 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Control System Architecture
Database-driven design
• Oracle database• Secure• Interoperable
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 19 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Control System Architecture
DNP Device Server
• XML-configurable• Isolates applications • DNP-agile
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 20 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Control System Architecture
• Self-contained• Limited application
environment• Application whitelisting• Application blacklisting
• Isolated from the Internet• “Call-home” functions can’t• Intrusion protection• Intrusion detection• Single sign-on
Security… again…
… convenient and transparent
© 2011 S&C Electric Company 21 IEEE PES Summer, 2011
Conclusion
• Scalability and adaptability uniquely address uncertainty• CES can be secure, reliable, cost-effective solution