communication of information

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CHAPTER 4:

COMMUNICATION OF INFORMATION

GROUP MEMBERS: STUDENT ID:

ENGKU NOR AINI BINTI ENGKU HASSAN 2012390287

NUR ATIQAH BINTI MOHD ISMAIL 2012706111

NUR RIFAH SYAHIRAH BINTI SHARUM 2012472268NURUL SYUHADAH BINTI MOHAMED AZLI 2012709637


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GENERAL

COMMUNICATION

MODEL

SenderEncodes messageChooses amedium (channel)Sends themessage

Receiver

Receives messageDecodes messageMay sendfeedback forclarification

Noisecaninterfereat anypoint


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Sender

The person who initiates the communication process by encoding

and sending the message.

Encoding

The conversion of a message into some symbolic form.

Channel

The medium / means by which a message travels.

Example : E-mail, website, memo, face-to-face, phone.

Message The tangible form of the information.

A purpose to be conveyed.

Example: write writing, speak speech, paint - picture.


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Decoding

A receivers translations of a senders message.

Receiver

The intended recipient of the information.Noise

Any disturbances that interfere with transmission receipt or

feedback of a message.

Feedback The degree to which carrying out the work activities require

by a job results in the individuals obtaining direct and clear

information about the effectiveness of his / her performance.


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Face to face or telephone

conversation

Fortify the formal channels of

communication

Continuous interaction ispossible.

Fast

Disadvantages It can direct to misconceptions

It can lead to mistake in

spelling

Impossible to fix the

responsibility for its origin

Contains facts, deceptions,

rumors and unclear data

Advantages

A transactional process in which the sender and the

receiver of information have different personal realities

formed by their experiences, perceptions and ideas.

HUMAN

NETWORKING

MODEL


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INVISIBLE

COLLEGE

The term invisible college was first used in 17th century

Europe when the Royal Society of London was

founded. Members of this early Royal Society of

Scientist did not belong to a formal institution, but

referred to themselves as an invisible college due totheir geographic closeness and regular meeting based

on shared scientific interests.

Invisible colleges become more visible when scientists

are grouped together within a defined boundary,regularly procure financial support, engage in a formal

selection process and shared research vision, and

participate in mandatory group meeting.


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The strength of

invisible college

Some historically inaccessible information now made

available by the internet.

Often available sooner than conventional literature.

May allow the reader/user to listen in on active debateof current issues.


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Considerations

Quality varies.

Can be hard to identify, search for, and access.

May require validation of data, especially with

internet sources.

Assumes a fairly high level of familiarity with an

issues or topic usually not good for gathering

background information.

Target Audience: Any group sharing a common

interest- You may need to look up some terms.


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GATEKEEPER

MODEL

According to Pamela Shoemaker and Tim Vos,

gatekeeping is the process of culling and crafting

countless bits of information into the limited number of

messages that reach people everyday, and it is thecenter of the medias role in modern public life. [] This

process determines not only which information is

selected, but also what the content and nature of the

messages, such as news, will be.

Gatekeeper is referring to individuals who decide

whether a given message will be distributed by a mass

medium.


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Figure 1 shows David Manning Whites vision of Gatekeeper model


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REFERENCES

Alberts, J. K., Nakayama, T. K., & Martin, J. N. (2007).

Human communication in society. New Jersey: Pearson

Education Inc.

Dang Merdu Wati Hj Hashim. (2009). Foundation of

information management. Shah Alam: Institut

Perkembangan Pendidikan.

Hajah Sobariah Awang Mukhtar. (2010). Principles and

practice of management. UiTM Puncak Perdana.

http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeper

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)
http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_(communication)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeperhttp://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/http://communicationtheory.org/gatekeeping-theory/

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