communication networks reloaded

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COPYRIGHT © 2015 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Communication Networks Reloaded

Related session: “Lean NFV Ops”

Jose de Francisco, Cloud Innovation Center

[email protected]

10:00 am – McCormick Ballroom

IIT Real Time Comms Conference – Chicago, October 6

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Lean NFV ops

Lean NFV ops

efficient

Service Level Agreement

Lowest cost perworkload

bit

high utilization levels

high availabilityeffective

“effective and highly efficient service delivery at any scale”

FMOPMO

crossing the chasm

NFV Experience Program: Live Demos & Workshops


17


Lean NFV Ops

Related session: “Communication Networks Reloaded”

Jose de Francisco, Cloud Innovation Center

[email protected]

2:00 pm - McCormick Ballroom

IIT Real Time Comms Conference – Chicago, October 6

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Agenda

1. NFV deployment strategies

2. Present Mode of Operations

3. Network softwarization

4. The journey

5. Virtualization of mobile core and IMS (ETSI NFV use case #5)

6. Service function chaining

7. Reliability, availability and serviceability

8. DevOps: Development and operations

9. Standards

10. Early challenges

11. Future Mode of Operations

12. Closing comments

“If you can’t explain it simply,

you don’t understand it

well enough.”

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trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the

property of their respective owners.

The information presented is subject to change without notice.

Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies

contained herein.

This slide must be kept when distributed externally.

Albert Einstein

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“The evolution of useful things”

Henry Petroski is an engineer

specializing in failure analysis and

professor both of civil engineering

and history at Duke University.

The Evolution of Useful Things

Published in 1992

Vintage Books, Random House, New York

ISBN 978-0-385-36489-8

“The form of made things is always subject to change in response to their real or perceived shortcomings,

their failures to function properly (…) there can be no such thing as ‘perfected’ artifact”

“There is an ongoing evolution of new needs created by the developers of new designs (…) that require

new tools for assembly and disassembly, and these new tools in turn enable still further new designs”

“Ill served by an advisor who looks too narrowly at technical indicators to prognosticate performance

in the marketplace”

“Focusing too closely on the immediate design problem (…) frequently results in solutions that

themselves give rise to more difficult design problems”

“Every technological change has the potential for being both cursed and praised”

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NFV deployment strategies

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Present Mode of Operations (PMO) challenges

• High lead times for new system and/or service introduction

estimated in months and years where technology silos prevail

• Complex overall Method of Procedure given hardware

specifics and planning processes challenging end-to-end

operations

• Low server to administrator ratio in environments comprised

of largely physical elements, tightly integrated software and

hardware under multiple management systems

• High human latency due to number of manual deployment,

maintenance and upgrade process, communications, forms,

also impacted by network and IT disconnects

LT: Lead Time

MOP: Method of Procedure

S/A: Server to Administrator Ratio

HL: Human Latency

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Present Mode of Operations (PMO) challenges

Feedback loop

CoD: Capacity on Demand

TTM: Time to Market

QoE: Quality of Experience

LT: Lead Time



HL: Human Latency

Leading Lagging indicators

High human latency due to number of manual

deployment, maintenance and upgrade process,

communications, forms, also impacted by network

and IT disconnects

Cause Effect correlation

Compromised time to market, lengthy ordering to

activation process, difficult to measure end users’ QoE

Overlong capacity planning does not favor agile

reconfiguration of services and components to

meet demand curves

Costly environment which cannot dynamically apply

big data subjected to real-time changes; underutilized

assets and budgets consumed by maintenance

Taxing end-to-end management under separate

fulfilment and assurance for core, access, IMs, with

service upgrades often susceptible to failures

High lead times for new system and/or service

introduction estimated in months and years

where technology silos prevail

Complex overall Method of Procedure given

hardware specifics and planning processes.

Challenging end-to-end operations

Low server to administrator ratio in

environments comprised of largely physical

elements, tightly integrated software and

hardware under multiple management systems

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Is “Network softwarization” the answer?Translating IT virtualization concept to Telecom

• Network Functions Virtualization (NFV):

- software (SW) is decoupled from hardware (HW)

- telecom systems (IMS, EPC, RAN) become software instances

- virtual network functions (VNF) run on virtual machines (VM)

- VNFs are decomposed and modularized suited for N+K redundancy

- shared infrastructure based on general purpose, high volume COTS HW

- enables application multi-tenancy and distributed architectures

- automation optimizes lifecycle management and resource orchestration

• Software Defined Networking (SDN):

- control (traffic decisions) decoupled from data plane (traffic forwarding)

- programmable and automated networking

- centralized global network view and intelligence

- controller sends packet handling rules to the switch

“I do not paint a portrait to look like

the subject…

rather does the person grow to

look like his portrait.”

Salvador Dalí

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ETSI NFV reference architecture

• NFV management and orchestration

• NFV Orchestrator (NFVO)- Multi-VIM management

- VNF placement

- VNF policy enforcement

• VNF Manager (VNFM)- VNF deployment

- VM level monitoring (CPU/storage)

• Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM)- Virtual resource management at hypervisor level

http://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/nfv https://portal.etsi.org/NFV/NFV_White_Paper2.pdf

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The journey: Early virtualization – PMO

• Apps run on VMs

• Multiple applications run on generic hardware

• Apps in the component form consuming one or more VMs

• Apps can scale by adding more VMs

• Various component level scaling is possible

• Purpose built HW/ASICs

• Tight coupling between HW and SW

• Monolithic apps with specific HW configurations

• Scales by adding more HW

• Rigid service creation

• 1-to-1 app to purpose built HW ratio

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The journey: FMO

IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service

Common infrastructure management

Resource orchestration

Application multi-tenancy

PaaS – Platform as a Service

Solution templates

Key performance indicators

Selective lifecycle automation

Distributed architectures

Service level orchestration

Fulfilment and assurance

Predictive analytics

End-to-end automation

Autonomics, self-organizing

Single pane of glass

Lifecycle management

Resource orchestration

Analytics

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ETSI NFV use case #5: vEPC and vIMS

• “Mobile networks are populated with a large variety of proprietary hardware appliances

[…] leverage standard IT virtualization technologies to consolidate different types of

network equipment located in NFVI-PoPs.”

• “Flexible allocation of Network Functions on such hardware resource pool could highly

improve network usage efficiently in day-to-day network operation.”

• “Higher service availability and resiliency provided to end users/customers by dynamic

network reconfiguration.”

• “Elasticity: capacity dedicated to each Network Function can be dynamically modified

according to actual load on the network, thus increasing scalability.”

• “Topology reconfiguration: Network topology can be dynamically reconfigured to optimize

performances.”

• “Creation of a competitive environment where innovative implementations of third-party

network applications can be supplied by unlocking the proprietary boundaries of current

Mobile Core and IMS implementations.”

• “Designing newer resiliency schemes becomes possible by utilizing the portability of the

VNF instances in the form of, but not limited to VM relocation, replication, etc […] the

relocation of the managed sessions and/or connections needs to be handled appropriately

to achieve operator desired service continuity and service availability.”

• “Coexistence of virtualized and non-virtualized network functions.”

http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/NFV/001_099/001/01.01.01_60/gs_NFV001v010101p.pdf

Mobile core network functions:

– EPC core and adjunct network functions, e.g. MME,

S/P-GW, PCRF, etc.

– 3G/EPC interworking network functions, e.g. SGSN, GGSN, etc.

• All IMS network functions, e.g. P/S/I=CSCF, MGCF, AS.

Virtualization target:

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Use Case #5: Lean NFV ops demo

Dynamic lifecycle use cases:

• Agile service selection and deployment

• SFC: Service Function Chaining

• Capacity: Growth/degrowth with analytics

• RAS: Reliability, Availability, Serviceability

• Service continuity in HA: High Availability

• RCA: Root Cause Analysis

• Smart placement (Bell Labs simulation)

http://www.telecomtv.com/articles/poc-zone/proof-of-concept-lean-nfv-operations-12422/

Demo environment:

• End-to-end 100% virtualized VoLTE

• Solutions:

• VNFs: VRAN, VEPC, VIMs

• OSS: Motive dynamic operations

• SDN: Nuage Networks

• MANO: CloudBand management system

• VIM: OpenStack

• NFVI: CloudBand cloud nodes

• Ecosystem: Intel, WebRTC, RealSense/Personify

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Service Function Chaining (SFC) demo

SFC leverages NFV and SDN

• Service function is decoupled from network

topology, physical network is not required

to be modified

• Users contract different services comprised

of several applications

• Application sets are dynamically “stitched”

in real time

Lean NFV Ops demo screenshot

Operational flexibility:

• Application-driven provisioning

• Intelligent traffic steering, capacity adjusted based on utilization

• Common deployment of service functions

• Usage across multiple domains

• SSO: Self-service operations

• Enables sharing information between

service functions

• Simplify access to virtualized apps

• Upsell/cross-sell services

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Reliability, Availability, Serviceability (RAS) demo

Lean NFV Ops demo screenshot

• Service assurance encompasses cloud,

network, application analytics and

compliance

• Advanced correlation relies on predictive

analytics and unified event management

• Automation involves root cause analysis

and resolution

Addressing RAS:

• Dynamic CoD (Capacity on Demand)

• Automated recovery and service continuity

• Sustaining HA (High Availability) environment

• Distributed system, N+K redundancy, active standby failover

• Smart placement for VM relocation, replication

• Delivering fine grained and correlated analytics

• Autonomation provides controls and

override, involves operations team

and enables immediate attention

• A recommendations engine presents

alternative solutions starting with

the most optimal

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Continuous integration (DevOps)

Issue tracking

Version control

Continuous integration

Build

Hooks and triggers

Install

Deliver/publish

Integration test

Code review

Automation

Venn Diagram -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DevOps#/media/File:Devops.svg

Automation

PMO FMO

Software + hardware delivery Focus on software delivery

Dedicated hardware (appliance model) Virtualized and cloud infrastructure

Long lead times Short, iterative cycles, one step release

Fixed release schedule Flexible, frequent delivery

Waterfall development model Agile software development

Manual processes

Single source repository

One click - highly automated build

Self-testing, bullet proof installation

Automated version control, notifications

Undetected issues can snowball Early issue detection

Back-end loaded process Iterative process

Compartmental handoverCross-functional process and workstyle

Collaborative delivery

Risk averse Entrepreneurial

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Standardization

Interfaces between physical and virtual resources in the

context of wireless applications and the mobile core

Zero Touch Orchestration, Operations and Management

for NFV-O and SDN; defines interfaces between OSS and

orchestration, interest in VNF descriptor alignment

Involves network service orchestration and service

function chaining

Research agenda

OpenStack (VIM), Mistral (workflow), HOT (orchestration

template) and Tacker, which uses Oasis’ TOSCA

NFVI layer (cloud nodes)

“In November 2012 seven of the world’s

leading telecoms network operators

selected ETSI to be the home of the

Industry Specification Group for NFV”

“NFV does not intent to build standards on its own, but to provide input and requirements to standard bodies”

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Ecosystem and technology readiness

The journey can plot different paths based on readiness, adoption

levels and matchmaking choices

launch, live ops, LCM

validation in relevant environment

agile development

use case - proof of concept projects

basic technology research

Readiness level provides understanding on maturity

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Early industry challenges

1. Shifting from PoC focus to successfully crossing “the ops’ chasm”

2. Separating hype and vaporware from what actually works today

3. Assessing maturity and technology readiness levels (the journey)

4. Sprawling virtualization silos and conflicting management systems

5. Bloated architectures shortchanging operations, scalability or performance

6. Working with physical and virtual elements in hybrid environments

7. Industry standards and fragmentation

8. Diverging from cloud fundamentals that we fell in love with

9. Legacy technologies’ last gasp

10. End-to-end (eco)systems engineering and open source

11. Business transformation and organizational dynamics

The Wizard of Oz

“Toto, I’ve a feeling we’re

not in Kansas anymore”

35


Lean NFV ops

Lean NFV ops

efficient

Service Level Agreement

Lowest cost perworkload

bit

high utilization levels

high availabilityeffective

“effective and highly efficient service delivery at any scale”

FMOPMO

crossing the chasm

36


Future Mode of Operations (FMO)

1. Shorter LT: agile delivery throughout service lifecycle:

- streamlining: end-to-end value stream mapping of the service

- service lifecycle orchestration (automation)

- user friendly self-service and customization from ordering to activation

- continuous integration (DevOps)

- leveraging ecosystem and open source (e.g. OpenStack)

2. Streamlined Ops: deconstructing and modularizing:

- decoupling software from dedicated hardware

- working with virtual machines

- lifecycle orchestration templates, policies

- asset pooling and on-demand (JIT) resource allocation

- application modeling (information, data models)

- smart load placement

- addressing service continuity and RAS by operating in HA

- furthering service decomposition and N+K, active standby failover

- analytics: monitoring, alarm correlation, data driven ops, root cause analysis

- predictive analytics, autonomics (machine learning, full scale automation) leading

to self-organizing systems

JIT: Just in Time

N+K: Redundancy model

Ops: Operations

RAS: Reliability, Availability,

Serviceability

RCA: Root Cause Analysis

LT: Lead Time



HL: Human Latency

DevOps: Development and Operations

HA: High Availability

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Future Mode of Operations (FMO)

3. Higher S/A ratio: Harmonizing management systems

- COTS-based hardware consolidation

- centralized management of virtual and distributed environments

- end-to-end visibility: Abstractions, single pane of glass

- autonomation (automation with controls)

4. Lower HL:

- cross-functional behaviors: Organizational culture, workstyle

- agile project management, continuous improvement

- clear roles and responsibilities

- context enabled adaptive processes

- training and professional development

LT: Lead Time



HL: Human Latency

COTS: Commercial off the Shelf

E2E: End-to-end

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Lean NFV Ops’ performance golden spiral…

modularized, distributed

architecture

open, extensible systems

continuous lifecycle management & integration

leverage platforms

optimize control plane

data plane acceleration

service chain &

forwarding graph

optimization

efficient workload placement

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

scale up/down, out/in

(capacity on demand)9

end-to-end service orchestration

programmability

& automation 10

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Deconstructing Lean x NFV x Ops

Lean column adapted from Kim B. Clark and Takahiro Fujimoto, Product Development Performance

p. 172 and Mary and Tom Poppndieck, Implementing Lean Software Development p. 14.

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Closing thoughts and Q&A

Present Mode of Operations (PMO):

• Widespread industry concerns about the risks and cost of ever

growing complexity

• Overly lengthy lead times compound the problem in today’s

changing environment

• Hybrid physical and virtual environments are expected to co-exist

in the short and mid terms

Future Mode of Operations (FMO):

• Making “network softwarization” and “dynamic services” happen

dominates work on next-generation systems

• Service level orchestration becomes an operational objective

• NFV and SDN involve emerging technologies and IT practices that are set

to disrupt the telecommunications industry

• “Cloud” presents new challenges for network operators, some already

addressed by fast evolving “cloud solutions”

• Technical prowess alone is not enough as organizational and business

models are morphing

• Starting and staying “lean” at any scale throughout NFV’s journey is of

the essence

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2 page paper 10+ minute video 60 minute webinar

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgcNRBl0nVQhttp://webform.alcatel-

lucent.com/r/?id=hf5e0c8,283d39b2,

283d3e81&SP_MID=675101106&SP_RID

=38172785

Thanks!https://www.alcatel-lucent.com/solutions/cloud@Alcatel_Lucent @ALU_Cloud

https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/6985/172207

Lean NFV Ops: Additional materials

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgcNRBl0nVQ



http://webform.alcatel-lucent.com/r/?id=hf5e0c8,283d39b2,283d3e81&SP_MID=675101106&SP_RID=38172785

http://webform.alcatel-lucent.com/r/?id=hf5e0c8,283d39b2,283d3e81&SP_MID=675101106&SP_RID=38172785

http://www.slideshare.net/jdefrancisco/lean-nfv-ops

https://www.alcatel-lucent.com/solutions/cloud

https://www.brighttalk.com/webcast/6985/172207

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