communicating over the network---2

7/18/2019 Communicating Over the Network---2

1/59

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #

CC$A

Cisco Certi%ied $et&or' Associ!te


2/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Course Introduction


3/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # ( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Cisco Career Certifications

Professional

CCIE

CCNP

CCNA Associate

http://www.cisco.com/go/certifications

Recommended Training Through

Cisco Learning Partners

ReuiredE!am

CCNA

INTR" andICN#

Cisco Certified Networ$ Associate

Introduction to Cisco NetworkingTechnologiesand InterconnectingCisco Network Devices

E!pert

CCNA E!am %&'()'*


4/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Cisco #ifferent Certifications +ields

CCIE Routing

and ,witching

CCNP

CCNA

Networ$ Implementation Networ$ #esign

None

CCNP

CC#A

or

CCNA

CCIE

,er-ice Pro-ider

CCIP

CCNA

Networ$ ,er-ice Pro-ider

CCIE

,ecurit

CC,P

CCNA

Networ$ ,ecurit oice Networ$s

CCIE

,er-ice Pro-ider

CCIP

CCNA

,torage Networ$ing

CCIE

oice

CCP

CCNA CCNA

None

CCIE

,torage Networ$ing


5/59

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # )

Communic!ting over the

$et&or'

Networ$ +undamentals


6/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # * 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

"01ecti-es

#. Communic!tion model

2. $et&or' de%inition.

(. $et&or' com"onents.

. $et&or' to"ologies.

). $et&or' ty"es .

*. $et&or' re%erence models.

7. Protocol conce"t.

+. Enc!"sul!tion !nd P-.

. $et&or' !ddressing.


7/59 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 7

$et&or' de%inition



8/59ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # + 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

*( Elements of Communication


9/59ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

/Networ$:

rou" o% com"onents or devices &hich !reconnected

together to give the user ! cert!in service 1!""lic!tion.

2( Networ$ definition


10/59ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #0 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Im"ort!nce o% $et&or's

#ata networ$ is a result of 0usiness need.

3Eas access and sharing of information

3,haring of e!pensi-e de-ices and networ$

resources

33odern Technologies 4IP telephon5 ideo

Conferencing5 6.etc7


11/59ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # ## 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

8( Networ$ components

/Networ$ has three main components End de-ices 1servers !nd hosts

4 Source o% !""lic!tions 1net&or' !&!re !""lic!tions

4 e56 TTP 1y"er Te5t Tr!nsmission Protocol,

8TP 18ile Tr!ns%er Protocol,

S9TP 1Sim"le 9!il Tr!ns%er Protocol

P:P( 1Post :%%ice Protocol ( Telnet

Networ$ #e-ices

4 evices th!t interconnect di%%erent com"uters together

4 e56 ;e"e!ters, hub, bridge, s&itch, router, $IC !nd modems

Connecti-it

4 9edi! th!t "hysic!lly connect the com"uters !nd net&or' devices

4 e56


12/59ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

End de-ices

End devices6

Com"uters 1&or' st!tions, l!"to"s, %ile servers, &eb servers

$et&or' "rinters

=oIP "hones

Security c!mer!s

9obile h!ndheld devices 1such !s &ireless b!rcode sc!nners, PAs

End devices !re re%erred to !s hosts.

A host device is either the source or destin!tion o% ! mess!ge.


13/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Intermediar#e-ices

Intermediar de-ices6

Pro-ide connecti-it to the networ$1s&itches>hubs

Connect indi-idual networ$s1routers

E5!m"les6

$et&or'Access evices1ubs, s&itches, !nd &ireless !ccess"oints

Internet&or'ing evices 1routers

Securityevices 1%ire&!lls

routers

switch

or hu0

switch

or hu0


14/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # # 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Networ$3edia

Networ$ media6 The medium "rovides the ch!nnel over &hich themess!ge tr!vels %rom source to destin!tion.

3etallic wires4 encoding into "!tterns o% electric!l im"ulses.

+i0er optics3 encoding into "ulses o% light 1in%r!red or visible light r!nges

9ireless3 encoding "!tterns o% electrom!gnetic &!ves.

1?!ter6 :SI Physic!l ?!yer


15/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #) 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Networ$3edia

i%%erent medi! consider!tions6

3#istance it can carr the signal

3En-ironment it wor$s in

3andwidth

3Cost of medium and installation

3Cost of connectors and euipment


16/59 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #*

$et&or' to"ologies



17/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #7 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

&( Networ$ Topologies/Topolog: o& devices !re connected together

Phsical Topolog:It describes ho& devices !re "hysic!lly c!bledLogical Topolog:It describes how de-ices communicate!cross

"hysic!l to"ology


18/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # #+ 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Phsical ,. Logical Topolog

*'(ase(2

Phsical Topolog is

Logical Topolog is us

us

*'(ase(;


19/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # # 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

,tar Topolog 4*'(ase(T7

Phsical Topolog is

Logical Topolog is us

star

T&isted "!ir


20/59



*'(ase(T ,witch

Phsical Topolog is

Logical Topolog is ( Point to point

star

( ,tar

( 3esh

*''(ase(T ,witch switch


21/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2# 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

;ing To"ology

A ring to"ology connects one host to the ne5t !nd the l!st host to the %irst.

This cre!tes ! "hysic!l ring o% c!ble.

I% the %irst host needs to send d!t! to the l!st host, the d!t! must "!th

through !ll the hosts be%ore re!ching the end host.

E5.6 To'en ;ing, @ +##I


22/59



+##I

Phsical Topolog is

Logical Topolog is Ring

Ring


23/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public


To$en Ring


24/59


9esh To"ology

A mesh to"ology is im"lemented to "rovide !s much"rotection !s "ossible %rom interru"tion o% service.

E!ch host h!s its o&n connections to !ll other hosts.

Although the Internet h!s multi"le "!ths to !ny one

loc!tion, it does not !do"t the %ull mesh to"ology.


25/59

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2)

$et&or' ty"es



26/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2* 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

;( Networ$ Tpes/LAN 4Local Area Networ$7: It is ! grou" o% net&or' com"onents th!t &or' &ithin sm!ll !re!.It ch!r!cteried by high d!t! s"eeds 1u" to #0b"s using6

Ethernet, 8!st Ethernet, ig!Ethernet,#0ig!bit Ethernet

!nd AT9.

/3AN 43etropolitan Area Networ$7: It is ! grou" o% ?A$s th!t !re interconnected &ithin sm!ll !re!. It ch!r!cteried by very high d!t! s"eeds 1u" to 0b"s using6

9etro Ethernet, AT9 over S:$ET !nd S.

/9AN 49ide Area Networ$7:

It is ! grou" o% ?A$s th!t !re interconnected &ithin l!rge !re! It ch!r!cteried by slo& d!t! s"eeds 1u" to #))9b"s @ *229b"s

using6

!n!log di!l4u", digit!l di!l4u" 1IS$, le!sed lines, B.2), S?,

8r!me4;el!y @ AT9.


27/59


Local Area Networ$ 4LAN7

Local Area Networ$ 4LAN7An individual network usually spans a single geographical area, providingservices and applications to people within a common organizationalstructure, such as a single business, campus or region.


28/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # 2+ 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Networ$ Tpes

e%ine


29/59


Networ$ Tpes

e%ine the InternetThe internet is de%ined !s !

glob!l mesh o% interconnected net&or's


30/59

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (0

$et&or're%erence models



31/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (# 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

%( Reference 3odels

A framewor$ 4guideline7for networ$ implementation andtrou0leshooting

#i-ides comple! functions into simpler components

Im"ort!nce o% re%erence model6

endor interopera0ilit =standardi>ation?.

etter understanding of data transfer

;e%erence model ty"es 6

",I 4"pen ,stem Interconnection 7.

TCP/IP 4#"# 3odel7


32/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (2 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

TCP/IP 3odel

The TCP>IP model h!s the %ollo&ing %our l!yers6


33/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # (( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

Reference 3odels @ Interopera0ilit pro0lem.

In the mid4#+0s, the net&or' technologies th!t h!demerged h!d been cre!ted &ith ! -ariet of differenth!rd&!re !nd so%t&!re im"lement!tions.

E!ch com"!ny th!t cre!ted net&or' h!rd&!re !ndso%t&!re used its o&n com"!ny st!nd!rds.

Conseuently, m!ny o% the ne& net&or' technologies&ere incom"!tible &ith e!ch other.

$eed6Achie-e open interconnection 0etween multi -endors

,olution(((((((",I(R3 4reference model7.


34/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # ( 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

",I 3odel

It st!nd!rdies net&or'com"onents to !llo& multi"levendor develo"ment !ndsu""ort.

It !llo&s di%%erent ty"es o%net&or' h!rd&!re !nd so%t&!reto communic!te &ith e!ch other.

It "revents ch!nges in one l!yer

%rom !%%ecting other l!yers.

It divides net&or'communic!tion into sm!ller"!rts to m!'e le!rning it e!sier

to underst!nd.

S>IP model


47/59


The Internet Laer

5Routing protocols


48/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # + 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

L2 LAN technologies :Ethernet , To'enring,

8I

L2 9AN technologies :Point4to4Point 1?C

PPP , 8r!me rel!y,

B.2) ,AT9

A;P, ;A;P, Pro5y A;P

The Networ$ Access Laer


52/59


TheCommunicationProcess

Protocol #ata Fnit 4P#F74 The %orm th!t ! "iece o% d!t! t!'es !t !ny l!yer.

At e!ch st!ge o% the "rocess, ! P- h!s ! di%%erent n!me to re%lect its ne&!""e!r!nce.

P-s !re n!med !ccording to the "rotocols o% the TCP>IP suite.

#ata4 The gener!l term %or the P- used !t the A""lic!tion l!yer,egment4 Tr!ns"ort ?!yer P-

Pac$et4 Internet&or' ?!yer P-

+rame4 $et&or' Access ?!yer P-

its4 A P- used &hen "hysic!lly tr!nsmitting d!t! over the medium


54/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # ) 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

( Addressing and Naming ,chemes

E5"l!in ho& l!bels in enc!"sul!tion he!ders !re usedto m!n!ge communic!tion in d!t! net&or's


55/59

ITE PC v.0Ch!"ter # )) 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

#ifference etween IP @ 3AC addresses

MAC A

IP: 1.1.1.1

MAC B

IP: 1.1.1.2

MAC C

IP: 1.1.1.3

MAC D

IP: 2.2.2.1

MAC E

IP: 2.2.2.2

9hat is the Address on m Ethernet NICJ


57/59


Networ$ de-ices capa0ilities


59/59

communicating over the network---2

Documents