On the Various Means of

COMMUNICATING OUR THOUGHTS

Diversity of Communication

What means of communication do you know?

Different Means of Communication

Letters, postcards, notesTelephone – call, SMS, MMS

Fax, telexInternet – chat, e-mailVideoconferenceFace to face conversation Body languageSymbols

Para.1-3

Language is a special human faculty.Means of communicating one’s feelings and thoughts derive from the senses.

Para. 3

The means are restricted to: movement----non-verbal voice----verbal

Different Means of CommunicationCommunication

Verbal

spoken

talk

chat

telephoning

interview

meeting

written

letter

Email

note

report

advertisement

Non-verbal

sign

symbol

gesture

posture

silence

In communication with others only 30 % of the communication is verbal, 70 % is non-verbal.

Para.4-9

communication through movement

The language of gesture is easier.Eyes process information faster.

we often trust our non-verbal behaviour to reveal our true feelings.

Gestures and body language communicate as effectively as words- maybe even more effectively. We use gestures daily, almost instinctively, from beckoning to a waiter to punctuating a business presentation with visual signals.

Non-verbal Communication

Facial expressions, eye contact, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups. Shaking hands, touching, holding, embracing, pushing, or patting on the back all convey messages. It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence we keep.

Clothing, hairstyle, make-up, body adornment, jewellery, tattoos, piercings, glasses, facial hair, accessories such as bags.You only have to think of the huge industries associated with the above examples to recognise the cultural significance of physical appearanceMany societies had (and some still do have) highly regulated codes of dress, often linked to rank and status.

The non-verbal communication is more than just body language: Within organisations such as the army, positions within the hierarchy are clearly signalled by uniforms, badges and behavioural codes such as saluting. In other organisations the non-verbal rules of the pecking order may not be so overt, but they are just as carefully observed.

These gestures are accepted both by Chinese and Americans as having the same meanings:

A smile and handshake show welcome ,Waving one‘s hand is to say “goodbye”, nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement .（ some exceptions）Putting up a hand means "May I ask a question?". Kissing means "love". Waving one's arms shows happiness.

There is some universality in non-verbal communication, especially in facial

expressions.Surprise Disgust Happines

sAnger

Fear Sadness Interest seven facial expressions are

recognised

in virtually all societies

What is non verbal communication?

Art of pantomime (Para. 6)

A silent form of the drama in which the story is developed by movement, gesture, facial expression, and stage properties. It is known to have existed among the Chinese, Persians, Hebrews, and Egyptians and has been observed in many other cultures.One of the oldest arts of the theatre: in ancient Greece, the pantomime was the actor and also his performance when he translated into gesture or movement the thought which the chorus was expressing.Now it is a form of musical comedy stage production, designed for families, developed in the United Kingdom and mostly performed during the Christmas and New Year season.

Vocabulary： discourse

[U] (linguistics 语言 ) the use of language in speech and writing in order to produce meaning; language that is studied, usually in order to see how the different parts of a text are connected 语篇；话语spoken/written discourse 口头 /书面语篇discourse analysis 语篇分析Their discourse, witty, pithy, original, had such charms for me. 她们的谈话又机智，又精辟，又有独特见解，对我有很大魅力。

Vocabulary: lop off

PHRASAL VERB （通常指快而狠地）砍下，剪去，截掉  If you lop something off, you cut it away from what it was attached to, usually with a quick, strong stroke.  e. g. He had to lop off whole pages of the report. 他必须砍除报告的全部页数。Your article is too lengthy. Lop off those repeated and empty words. 你的文章太冗长了。把那些重复的，空洞的话都删掉。

Vocabulary: poppy

 N-COUNT 罂粟 A poppy is a plant with a large, delicate flower, usually red in colour. The drug opium is obtained from one type of poppy.Poppies do not transplant well. 罂粟经不起移植。The folds of her scarlet silk gown gave off the enervating smell of poppies. 她那件大红绸袍的衣褶里发出销魂蚀骨的罂粟花香。Make it rich as a draught of poppies to intoxicate me. 就像一束盛开的罂粟使我麻醉。

Tarquin, or Thrasybulus lopping off poppies (Para.7)

[Periander] had sent a herald to Thrasybulus and inquired in what way he would best and most safely govern his city. Thrasybulus led the man who had come from Periander outside the town, and entered into a sown field. As he walked through the wheat, continually asking why the messenger had come to him from Cypselus, he kept cutting off all the tallest ears of wheat which he could see, and throwing them away, until he had destroyed the best and richest part of the crop. Then, after passing through the place and speaking no word of counsel, he sent the herald away. When the herald returned to Cypselus, Periander desired to hear what counsel he brought, but the man said that Thrasybulus had given him none. The herald added that it was a strange man to whom he had been sent, a madman and a destroyer of his own possessions, telling Periander what he had seen Thrasybulus do. Periander, however, understood what had been done, and perceived that Thrasybulus had counselled him to slay those of his townsmen who were outstanding in influence or ability; with that he began to deal with his citizens in an evil manner.

高罂粟综合症Tall poppy syndrome (TPS) is a pejerotive term primarily used in the UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other Anglosphere nations to describe a social phenomenon in which people of genuine merit are resented, attacked, cut down, or criticised because their talents or achievements elevate them above or distinguish them from their peers.

Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon:

Vocabulary: promenade

promenade [ˌprɒmə'nɑ:d]VERB 散步  If someone promenades somewhere, for example along a beach, the edge of a lake, or a main street, they go for a walk there.People came out in smarter clothes to promenade along the front. 人们穿上更加时髦漂亮的衣服，沿着海滨散步。

Diogenes and Zeno (Para. 7)

Greek philosopher and founder of cynic philosophy.He believed that virtue was better revealed in action than in theory. He used his simple lifestyle and behaviour to criticise the social values and institutions of what he saw as a corrupt society.

Diogenes and Zeno (Para. 7)

Zeno is a Greek thinker from Citium. Diogenes relates a legend that Zeno was a merchant; after surviving a shipwreck, Zeno wandered into a bookshop in Athens and was attracted to some writings about Socrates. He asked the librarian how to find such a man. In response, the librarian pointed to Crates of Thebes, the most famous Cynic living at that time in Greece.Zeno is described as a haggard, tanned person, living a spare, ascetic life. This coincides with the influences of Cynic teaching, and was, at least in part, continued in his Stoic philosophy.

Vocabulary： circumlocution

[U, C] (formal) using more words than are necessary, instead of speaking or writing in a clear, direct way 迂回曲折的说法 He is a master at circumlocution. 他惯会兜圈子。This sort of ritual circumlocution is common to many parts of mathematics. 这种繁冗的遁辞常见于数学的许多部分分式中。It was always when you most wanted a direct answer that Greenfield came up with a circumlocution. 总是在你最想要一个直截了当的回答时，格林菲尔德会绕上十八个弯。

Scythia [ˈsiðiə]锡西厄（古代欧洲东南部以黑海北岸为中心的一地区）an ancient area of Eurasia extending from the Black Sea to the Aral Sea that was populated by Scythians from the eighth to the fourth century BC

Vocabulary: herald

N-COUNT 预兆  Something that is a herald of a future event or situation is a sign that it is going to happen or appear. I welcome the report as a herald of more freedom, not less.我认为这份报告预示着会有更多、而不是更少的自由，因此对它表示欢迎。For her, it was the herald of summer. 对她来说，这是夏天来临的前奏。 N-COUNT （古时的）传令官，使节  In former times, a herald was a person who delivered and announced important messages. 

Vocabulary： harangue [hə'ræŋ]

N-COUNT 慷慨激昂的劝说 ;喋喋不休的劝说 A harangue is a long, forceful speech that someone makes to try and persuade other people to accept their opinions.Unfortunately, no questions from the audience broke the continuity of his harangue. 令人遗憾的是，没有听众提出问题来打断他的高谈阔论。We had to listen to a long harangue about our own shortcomings. 我们必须去听一有关我们缺点的长篇大论。

Darius 大流士（古波斯帝国国王）大流士一世（ Darius I the Great），波斯帝国君主（前 522～前 486）。出身于阿契美尼德家族支系。大流士随冈比西斯二世出征埃及，被任命为万人不死军的总指挥。大流士不仅是波斯帝国的伟大君主，也是世界历史上的著名政治家之一。他自称为“王中之王，诸国之王”，后人尊称为“铁血大帝”。

Darius

The messenger said his duty was only to deliver them, and nothing more.It was left to the Persian king to find out the meaning. Darius concluded at first, that the Scythians thereby consented to deliver up the earth and water to him, which were represented by a mouse and a frog ; as also their cavalry, whose swiftness was represented by the bird ; together with their own persons and arms, signified by the arrows. But Gobryas, one of the seven lords that had deposed the Magian impostor, expounded the enigma in the following manner: " Know," said he to the Persians, " that unless you can fly away in the air like birds, or hide yourselves in the earth like mice, or swim in the water like frogs, you shall in no wise be able to avoid the arrows of the Scythians.The whole Persian army, marching in a vast uncultivated and barren country, in which there was no water, was reduced to so deplorable a condition that they finally evacuated.

Levite [ˈli:vait]n. 利未人 (Jacob之子利未的后裔 ) a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi (especially the branch that provided male assistants to the Temple priests)

Ephraim [ˈi:freiim] n. 以色列民族 And there was a man of mount Ephraim, whose name was Micah.以法莲山地有一个人名叫米迦。

Vocabulary： avenge

VERB 报…之仇；雪…之耻  If you avenge a wrong or harmful act, you hurt or punish the person who is responsible for it. SYN: revengeHe has devoted the past five years to avenging his daughter's death.他过去5年一心报丧女之仇。She had decided to avenge herself and all the other women he had abused.她决定为自己和所有其他被他侮辱的女性报仇。He swore to avenge himself on his enemy for the insult given to his name. 他的敌人侮辱他的名声，他发誓要报复。

Vocabulary： exterminiate

VERB 消灭 ;灭绝 ;根除  To exterminate a group of people or animals means to kill all of them. SYN：  kill offA huge effort was made to exterminate the rats.灭鼠花了很大力气。Man is exterminating too many species for zoos to be much help. 人类正在导致过多物种灭绝，动物园也无济于事。Hitler wanted to exterminate the Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and homosexuals of Europe.

Vocabulary： pleading

N-UNCOUNT 恳求；请求；吁请 Pleading is asking someone for something you want very much, in an intense or emotional way.  （ also N in pl）(law) a statement in legal and logical form stating something on behalf of a party to a legal proceedingHe simply ignored Sid's pleading. 他完全不理会锡德的恳求。...the pleadings of the poorer countries. 较贫穷国家的呼吁

Vocabulary：  in jest

开玩笑地  Jest is a prank or an joke. It can also be an act. Jest is also a smart remark made by someone. Many a true word is spoken in jest. 笑话之中有真话。His reply was taken half seriously, half in jest. 他的答覆看来是半开玩笑半认真的。

Vocabulary： drag out

PHRASAL VERB 套…的话 ;说服…说出  If you drag something out of a person, you persuade them to tell you something that they do not want to tell you. The families soon discovered that every piece of information had to be dragged out of the authorities. 这些家庭很快发现每条消息都得从有关当局口中套出来。But all we said, not a word could we drag out of him. 但是，随我们说千道万，都套不出他一句话来。

Biblical StoryThe Battle of Gibeah is an episode in the Book of Judges 《士师记》 . The battle was triggered by an incident of gross inhospitality on part of the Tribe of Benjamin, in which a concubine belonging to a man from the Tribe of Levi was raped to death by a rowdy mob. The Levite had offered his concubine to the mob in place of himself (whom the mob originally sought to "be intimate with"), and then locked the door for the night. In the morning the Levite found his dead concubine at the door, and butchered her into twelve pieces, and sent the pieces throughout all the territory of Israel.The outraged tribes of Israel sought justice, and asked for the miscreants to be delivered for judgement. The Benjamites refused, so the tribes then sought vengeance, and in the subsequent war, the members of Tribe of Benjamin were systematically killed, including women and children; when Benjamin was nearly 'extinguished', it was decided that the tribe should be allowed to survive, and all the men from another town, Jabesh Gilead, that had refused to take part in the punishment of the Tribe of Benjamin, were killed, so that their daughters could be wed to the surviving men of Benjamin. The first king of Israel, Saul, descended from these men. Due to this war, the Tribe of Benjamin was subsequently referred to as "the smallest of all the tribes."[

King Saul

撒乌耳国王 /扫罗王扫罗，天主教译为撒乌耳，是以色列联合王国的第一位君主，亦标志着士师时代的结束。他是撒母耳因应以色列人要求有一位自己的君主的呼声，在向上帝请示过以后，根据上帝的“旨意”而膏立的。他的即位，亦是君权和神权之间权力斗争的开端。

King Saul

The son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of the Israelites, anointed by Samuel, B. C. 1091, and after a reign of forty years filled with various events, slain with his sons on Mount Gilboa. He was succeeded by David, who was his son-in-law, and whom he had endeavored to put to death.

1 Samuel 11:5 Behold, Saul came following the oxen out of the field; and Saul said, "What ails the people that they weep?" They told him the words of the men of Jabesh. (WEB JPS ASV BBE DBY NAS RSV NIV) 1 Samuel 11:7 He took a yoke of oxen, and cut them in pieces, and sent them throughout all the borders of Israel by the hand of messengers, saying, "Whoever doesn't come forth after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done to his oxen." The dread of Yahweh fell on the people, and they came out as one man.

Jabez [ˈdʒeibez] 雅比斯  n. [男子名 ] 来源于希伯来语，含义是“悲伤，或顶点” (sorrow, or height) 圣经人名“雅比斯”字意为“痛苦”，他属犹大支派，以敬畏神而著名。他祈求神的保佑，而他的祷告亦得蒙应允。

Athenaeum [ˌæθiˈni:əm] n. 雅典娜神庙

Orator1. N-COUNT （尤指能影响人们情感和信仰的）演说家，演讲家，雄辩家 An orator is someone who is skilled at making formal speeches, especially ones which affect people's feelings and beliefs.Lenin was the great orator of the Russian Revolution. 列宁是俄国革命时期伟大的演说家。

Vocabulary： courtesan

N-COUNT (旧时伺候富人和有权势之人的 )高级妓女  In former times, a courtesan was a woman who had sexual relationships with rich and powerful men for money. Thinkers and poets throughout the ages have offered the courtesan the oblation of their mercy. 各个时期的思想家和诗人都把仁慈的怜悯心奉献给娼家女子。

Vocabulary： eloquence

n. 口才，辩才； 雄辩； 雄辩术； 修辞法  powerful and effective languageI am afraid my eloquence did not avail against the facts. 恐怕我的雄辩也无补于事实了He expressed his sentiments about the war with great eloquence. 他雄辩地表达了对那场战争的看法。Wealth of words is not eloquence. 宏辞非雄辩。Discretion in speech is more than eloquence. 出言慎重胜过口若悬河。

Hyperides and the trial of Phryne

The most well-known event in Phryne's life is her trial. Atheneaus writes that she was prosecuted for blasphemy, a capital charge, and defended by the orator Hypereides, who was one of her lovers. When it seemed as if the verdict would be unfavourable, Hypereides removed Phryne's robe and bared her breasts before the judges to arouse their pity. Her beauty instilled the judges with a superstitious fear, who could not bring themselves to condemn "a prophetess and priestess of Aphrodite" to death. They decided to acquit her out of pity.

Horace

Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus)贺拉斯 Roman lyric poet said to have influenced English poetry (65-8 BC) (8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus. The rhetorician Quintillian regarded his Odes as just about the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."

Rousseau highlights the role of symbols, signs, objects, and rituals in political life. Words alone do not carry much emotional or moral impact. They work better with sound and sight. Signs can undergird morality and politics because they can invoke emotions which influence action.

Para.10-11

Jean-Jacques Rousseau says that use of words for communication stems from a desire to express our emotions. Conclusion: Visible signs can render a more exact imitation, sounds more effectively arouse interest.

Verbal Communication: the power of discourse

Language enables us to communicate about events beyond our immediate sensory experience.Verbal communication can stir the heart and inflame the passions.

Vocabulary: inflame

VERB使更加激动 ;引起…的热情 ;使愤怒  If something inflames a situation or inflames people's feelings, it makes people feel even more strongly about something.Her question seemed to inflame him all the more. 她的问题似乎更加激怒了他。Insults only served to inflame the feud. 侮辱只是起了加剧长期不和的作用。The shooting has only inflamed passions further. 枪击事件无疑是火上浇油。

Vocabulary: afflicted

adj. 受苦的，受病痛折磨的 grievously affected especially by diseaseThe afflicted person should keep off solid foods and drink plenty of fluids. 病人不应吃固体食物而要多喝流质食物。They are always afflicted with the noise made by the passing planes. 他们经常被过往的飞机搅得不安宁。He was afflicted always with a gnawing restlessness. 他老是被一种苦恼的不安情绪所折磨。

Vocabulary: solely

ADV 仅仅 ;完全  If something involves solely one thing, it involves only this thing and no othersSuccess should not be measured solely by educational achievement. 成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。A large majority of elderly Americans depend solely on social security income. 大多数上了年纪的美国人仰仗社会保险金过活。Too often we make decisions based solely upon what we see in the magazines.太多的时候，人们仅仅根据在杂志上面所看到的东西就作出了决定。

Vocabulary: feign

VERB 装作 ;假装 ;冒充  If someone feigns a particular feeling, attitude, or physical condition, they try to make other people think that they have it or are experiencing it, although this is not true.She knew that her efforts to feign cheerfulness weren't convincing. 她明白自己强作欢颜是瞒不了谁的。They refuse marriage and even feign poverty! 婚不肯结，还要装穷！

Vocabulary: inflate

1. V-ERG (使 )充气 ;(使 )膨胀 ;(使 )胀大  If you inflate something such as a balloon or tyre, or if it inflates, it becomes bigger as it is filled with air or a gas.  2. V-ERG抬高 (物价 );(使 )(物价 )涨高  If you say that someone inflates the price of something, or that the price inflates, you mean that the price increases. Derivation: inflationInflate your life jacket by pulling sharply on the cord. 猛拽绳扣使你的救生衣充气。

Vocabulary: tranquil

ADJ-GRADED平静的 ;安静的 ;宁静的 Something that is tranquil is calm and peaceful.The place was tranquil and appealing. 那个地方静谧宜人。The tranquil beauty of the village scenery is unique. 这乡村景色的宁静是绝无仅有的。Huck's face lost its tranquil content, and took a melancholy cast. 哈克脸上悠然自得的神情消失了，马上呈现出一脸的愁相。

Vocabulary: wring

VERB强行取得 ;逼取  If you wring something out of someone, you manage to make them give it to you even though they do not want to.In this way, he hoped to put pressure on the British and thus to wring concessions from them.他希望通过这种方式向英国人施压，迫使他们让步。“Oh, Scarlett, you are so young， you wring my heart," he said. "唔，思嘉，你真像个孩子，可把我的心都揪痛了， "他说。

Vocabulary: thrill

V-ERG (使 )狂喜 ;(使 )激动 ;(使 )极度兴奋  If something thrills you, or if you thrill at it, it gives you a feeling of great pleasure and excitement.  The electric atmosphere both terrified and thrilled him.紧张的气氛让他既害怕又兴奋。The children will thrill at all their favourite characters.孩子们看到所有那些他们最喜爱的人物形象会兴奋不已。thrilled; thrilling

Vocabulary: penetrate

VERB 渗入；进入；穿过；穿透  If something or someone penetrates a physical object or an area, they succeed in getting into it or passing through it.  The drugs industry is complex and hard to penetrate. 医药行业非常复杂，很难进入。There have been around 15 attempts from outside China to penetrate the market. 大约已经有15家外国公司试图进入中国市场。Western ideas penetrate slowly through the East. 西方观念逐渐传入东方。

Vocabulary: render

VERB 致使 ;造成  cause to become; 提供；给予give or supply;The shot rendered her immobile.枪击令她不良于行。She needed him to hear her out and render advice. 她需要他把话听完并提出建议。Any assistance you can render him will be appreciated.无论给予他何种帮助，他都会非常感激。It contained so many errors as to be rendered worthless. 它错误太多 ,所以毫无用处。

Vocabulary: render

VERB 致使 ;造成  cause to become; 提供；给予give or supply;The shot rendered her immobile.枪击令她不良于行。She needed him to hear her out and render advice. 她需要他把话听完并提出建议。Any assistance you can render him will be appreciated.无论给予他何种帮助，他都会非常感激。It contained so many errors as to be rendered worthless. 它错误太多 ,所以毫无用处。

Vocabulary: gallantry

1. N-UNCOUNT英勇；勇敢 Gallantry is bravery shown by someone who is in danger, for example when they are fighting in a war.For his gallantry he was awarded a Victoria Cross. 他因为表现英勇而荣获维多利亚十字勋章。2. N-UNCOUNT（尤指对女子的）殷勤，彬彬有礼 Gallantry is kind, polite, and considerate behaviour towards other people, especially women.It's that time of year again, when thoughts turn to romance and gallantry. 又到了每年的那个时候，人们又想到了风花雪月和献殷勤的男人。

Vocabulary: harem

N-COUNT （尤指伊斯兰教徒的）妻妾，女眷 If a man, especially a Muslim, has several wives or sexual partners living in his house, they can be referred to as his harem.  It's said that the emperor had 72 concubines in the emperor's harem? 听说皇帝有三宫六院七十二嫔妃？The sultan's wives and concubines live in the harem. 苏丹的妻妾住在后宫。

Vocabulary: epistolary

ADJ （小说等）书信体的 An epistolary novel or story is one that is written as a series of letters. All postal operators recognise, however, that the epistolary habit has taken a hit from the internet. 然而所有邮政运营商均意识到，书信传统已经受到互联网的冲击。The novel adopts an epistolary form and depicts vivid and larger-than-life characters. 小说采用书信体刻画了栩栩如生、个性鲜明的人物形象。

Vocabulary: salaam

VERB (印度或伊斯兰国家的人弯腰并且右手掌置额前 )行额手礼 When someone salaams, they bow with their right hand on their forehead. This is used as a formal and respectful way of greeting someone in India and Muslim countries.CONVENTION [惯用语 ](某些穆斯林的问候语 )色拉姆，赛拉姆 Some Muslims greet people by saying 'Salaam'. He looked from one to the other of them, then salaamed and left. 他扫了他们每个人一眼，行了个额手礼就离开了。

Para. 12-14

Had there been no emotional need, we wouldn’t have invented such a world as present.The Indians do businesses without words, which indicate that either language or gesture could suffice to communicate.The art of communicating ideas are dependent on a power special to man, which enables one to act and another to sense.

ChardinP. Teihard de Chardin, the French Priest, was a great scientist of out time. 法国神父德日进 (P. Teilhard de Chardin. 1881-1955)是当代一位伟大的科学家。

grip[C, usually sing.] ~ (on sb/sth) an act of holding sb/sth tightly; a particular way of doing this 紧握；紧抓  SYN graspKeep a tight grip on the rope. 紧抓住绳索不放。

A Summary: Para. 15

Animals have natural language for communicating, too, but it differs from human languages in its naturalness.

more than的用法A. “more than+名词”表示“不仅仅是”

1)　Modern science is more than a large amount of information.

2)　 Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too. 3) We need more than material wealth to build our

country.B. “More than+数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：

4) I have known David for more than 20 years. 5) Let's carry out the test with more than the sample

copy. 6) More than one person has made this suggestion. 不止一人提过这个建议 .C. “More than+形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：

7)　 In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.

8)　 I assure you I am more than glad to help you.D. more than + (that)从句，其基本意义是“超过（=over）”，但可译成“简直不”“远非” .　难以，完全不能（其后通常连用情态动词can）

9) That is more than I can understand . 那非我所能懂的 . 10) That is more than I can tell. 那事我实在不明白。 11) The heat there was more than he could stand. 那儿的炎热程度是他所不能忍受的此外，“more than”也在一些惯用语中出现，如：

12) More often than not, people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give.

13) All of us are more than a little concerned about（非常关心） the current economic problems

Vocabulary: acquire

1. VERB 获得；购得  If you acquire something, you buy or obtain it for yourself, or someone gives it to you.2. VERB 获得（技能）；养成（习惯）  If you acquire something such as a skill or a habit, you learn it, or develop it through your daily life or experience.  General Motors acquired a 50% stake in Saab for about $400m.通用汽车公司以大约4亿美元的价格购得了萨博汽车公司 50%的股份。

I recently acquired some wood from a holly tree...     最近我从一棵冬青树上弄了些木料。

She was sitting in her newly-acquired wheelchair. 她正坐在新买的轮椅上。I've never acquired a taste for wine.我一向喝不惯葡萄酒。Having read the book, she will be able to pass on the acquired knowledge to trainee teachers. 读完此书，她便能将从书中所得传授给实习教师。Living alone is an acquired taste. 独处是一种修得的境界。

Vocabulary: aboring

ADJ 产生中的  in the process of being born or beginning; ANT：dyingOur own revolutionary war almost died aborning through lack of popular support. 因为缺乏广泛支持，革命战争差一点在初期就被扼杀了。It is not old life awakening; it is new life aborning.Moreover, Gates is right that a new era is aborning. As digital devices increasingly link up, doing more and more business automatically among themselves, the Internet is evolving beyond the World Wide Web.

Vocabulary: explicable

That can be explained or understood可理解的、可解释的

His behavior is only explicable in terms of his recent illness.

• Inexplicable不可解释的