common grounds: the role of perception in science and the ...€¦ · g bernroider, university of...

Common Grounds:

The Role of Perception in Science and the Nature of TransitionsG Bernroider,

University of Salzburg Austria

Common Grounds:



• Subject – Object

• The role of the brain

• States and transitions

• Scaling from quantum to

classical

Common Grounds:




• The role of the brain I



classical

Common Grounds:



Grandma is observing :

Common Grounds:



Another person added to

talk to grandma about what she sees

Common Grounds:



No colours ?

In a birds eye:

the magnetic gradient

is visible ?

Common Grounds:



No colours ?

Common Grounds:



Another person added to

Talk to grandma about what she sees

Common Grounds:



A theory about water and waves

Common Grounds:



A theory about water and waves

The theory

starts to become

‚real‘

and grandma‘s

experience

becomes more

and more irrelevant

Common Grounds:



First: subjective experience = is real

See , J. Stewart, 2001, Foundations of

Science

Splitting: with an another person added , a copy of this

experience is sent to the ‚world outside‘

Inversion: as ‚consensus‘ emerges among the community

the copy ‚outside‘ becomes the

‚real world‘ and the experience becomes the copy

Common Grounds:



We call the difference between ‚experience‘ and ‚consensus‘

sensory illusion:

Uniform classical velocity

Common Grounds:







classical

Common Grounds:



a

b

c Object space (a)

Brain-space (b)

Subject –

(experience) (c )

Common Grounds:



Brain space (from a third persons view)

Segregation (Separation)

of senso-motory signals

Common Grounds:




segregation (Separation)


Visual segregaton in the apes brain

Common Grounds:




segregation (Separation)


Visual segregaton in the apes brain

Distance matrix in vision ( > 50 diff. Areas)

Common Grounds:



The functional organization of segregation can become

correlated with perception

Two things are required:

a) Receptive ability

b) Segregated neural organizations

‚‘seeing magnetic field properties‘

(gradient of o.5 G fields)

In birds:

Common Grounds:



Magnetic vision in birds:

http://spie.org/Images/Graphics/Newsroom/Imported-2009/1804/1804_fig1.jpg

Layer 2 of neocortex

focused

for reflectivity changes

between oxy- and

deoxy-hemoglobin

The segregation of orientation in the visual cortex

Sum of history interpretation of

complex wave propagation –

phase dependent signal interaction

(e.g. S. Roy, et al.)

(Bernroider, et al. 1996)

Iso-orientation maps:

Activity correlated with

sensory stimulus maped

in 2-dim space

Iso-orientation lines in

Intervalls of 150

• Orientation in the visual cortex:

Kaschube (Wolf) et al., Science 2010, 330, 1113-1116

If the period between repeats = , one finds pinwheels within 2

And this segregation

encodes orientation angles

Segregation can be studied from ‚outside‘ and become

Correlated with reports about perception…….

But we do not perceive parts of a scene separately !

Instead we experience the entire scene ?

Why ?

Common Grounds:







classical

• Segregation = bottom up

receptor thalamus visual cortex (layer IV cells)

extra striatePyramidal cells

extra striatePyramidal cells

Top-down: Predictive coding and

minimizing (Expectation – Observation)

(a) (b) (c)lower level higher level

Top-down: Predictive coding and


From this intermediate level feed-forward (left to right arrows)

connections encode the information about the residual

discrepancy (insert) between lower and higher level codes.

(a) (b) (c)lower level higher level

Predictive coding and


This intermediate level transition can (but does not

have to) be associated with conscious experience

Again: How and why should a transition at the

immediate level of processing dynamics be

associated with the phenomenon of experience ?

Let us use some symbolic animations to recapitulate

what we find behind segregation theories:

It needs differences :

Sensory segregation of external circumstances

From segregation a concept emerges

Consciousness

Common Grounds:



Transitions host the phenomenal

aspect behind brain processes

States host the physical aspect

States and transitions are likely scale

invariantly related

(Bernroider, coming issue)

Common Grounds:



60 um

TRIFM image of single Ca channels

membrane patch Cell signals

nano-scale

Membrane integrated

ion channel molecule

Filter domain

of ion channel

E.t = 10-16 JsE.t = 10-34 Js

Ion channels are the common, universal biological entities for

the coding of logical states

Common Grounds:



The oxygen-coordinated

alkali-ion cage

in the filter region

of a voltage gated

ion channel is the

basic computational

unit (Bernroider, Roý 2005)

Common Grounds:



Carbonyl Oxygen groups act like quadrupole rings in an ion-

trap device

Side view Top view

ion channel protein and a quadrupole ion trap

Common Grounds:



Segregation at the atomic scale:

Transitions are

scaled:

Common Grounds:






• The role of the brain II

(segregation)


classical

• Experience and the

Universe

Segregation at the atomic scale:

Transitions are

scaled:

and that would

allow us some

interesting

predictions……

• Scales from atomic scales to classical

scales

(a neural correspondence

problem)

AD N . for a brain with AD = 10 -15 this gives N = 1019 states

But that is another story……. Thank you for attending

a complete quantum classical transition could

take place in the brain with QM traces left

behind as ‚experiential entities‘

Ion channel proteins are the quantum-classical transition

devices:

• filter ‚gating‘ = ion – oxygen

coordination states change:

characteristic time: 10-12 sec

Action = E.t = 1kT . 10-12

= 4.10-21J . 10-12 s = 10-33 Js

Intra-molecular transitions:

within one molecule (e.g KcsA

ion channel)

filter

cavity

pore gate

Voltage

sensor

Ion channel proteins are the quantum-classical transition

devices:

• filter ‚gating‘ = ion – oxygen

coordination states change:

characteristic time: 10-12 sec

Action = E.t = 1kT . 10-12

= 4.10-21J . 10-12 s = 10-33 Js

• pore domain gating‘ –

constriction gate transitions

(classical)

characteristic time: 10 -3 sec

Action = E.t = 10-16 Js

Intra-molecular transitions:

within one molecule (e.g K cA

ion channel)

filter

cavity

pore gate

Voltage

sensor

Coherence dynamics couples the

filter states with the pore gate state

Common Grounds:



High affinity or ‚trapped‘ state

Ion 1: 1(1,2) = S1 + S2

Ion 2: 2 (3,4) = S3 + S4

System (ion) states:

Ion-oxygen (Oj) coordination (system-environment)

1(1,2)

2 (3,4) Oj

[ S1 1 S3 2 + S2 1 S4 2 ] O1 target O1 = 1

otherwise target O0 = 0

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/1K4C.png

NCC: How could it work ?

• Scales

filter ‚gating‘ = ion affinity states

time: 10-12 sec

A = E.t = 1kT . 10-12 = 4.10-21J . 10-12 s = 10-33 Js

‚pore domain gating‘ – constriction gates –

time: 10 -3 sec

A = E.t = 10-16 Js

?

Physical Action – dimensional analysis –QM principally applies whenever

a) the physical ‚action‘ is instantiated at thequantum scale of ħ (h bar, = h/2 ) which is roughly

10-34 kg m2 s-1

the atomic scale :

eg Action : = Length . momentum

L . (M.L)/t = M. L2 t-1

eg. Action: = Energy . Time = E . t

one ion

channel distance

3.10-26 kg . (4.10-9 m)2 . 1/10-8 s0.48 x 10-34 m2 kg s (Js)scale of ħ – the quantum scale !

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