commissioning the double chooz detector...jaime dawson, apc paris 9 backgrounds accidental dominant...
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Commissioning the Commissioning the Double Double Chooz detectorChooz detector
Jaime Dawson, APC
Les Rencontres de Physique de la Vallee d'Aoste, 2011
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 2
Contents ● Brief reminder Brief reminder
– Reactor experiments Reactor experiments
– Double Chooz conceptDouble Chooz concept● Neutrino signals and backgroundsNeutrino signals and backgrounds
● Double Chooz detectorsDouble Chooz detectors
– Far Detector (Running!)Far Detector (Running!)● SensitivitySensitivity
● ConclusionConclusion
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 3
Three Neutrino Mixing
Pontecorvo – Maki – Nakagawa – Sakata (PMNS) matrix
● 3 mixing angles● 1 CP phase
● 2 mass splittings Δm2
ij
● We don't know θ13
, δcp
and sign of Δm2
31
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 4
Reactor Experiments
M. Apollonio et. al., Eur.Phys.J. C27 (2003) 331-374
Chooz : R = 1.01 ± 2.8% (stat) ± 2.7% (syst)
sin22θ13
< 0.13 (90% C.L)Fogli et al, arXiv: 0805.2517
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 5
Reactor θ13
Experiments● Disappearance of anti-neutrinos (independent of δ
cp and sign of Δm
31,
weak dependence of Δm21
)
● Short distances, ~MeV signals (no matter effects)
exaggerated
FARNEAR
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 6
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 7
Concept ● 2 'identical' detectors
– Near ● 410 m● 115 m.w.e● ~500 ν/day
– Far ● 1050 m● 300 m.w.e● ~70 ν/day
● Systematics on reactor power, neutrino spectrum, cross-section and detection are insignificant for a relative measurement
Chooz-B2 x 4.27GW
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 8
● Detect anti-neutrinos via inverse beta decay
– p + ν →n + e+
● In Gd- loaded scintillator
– e+ signal 1-8MeV
– e+ e- annihilation(2 x 511 keV)
● Evis
= Eν – (M
n-M
p)+m
e
– Delayed neutron capture on
● Gd ~30 μs ~ 8 MeV (>80%)● H 2.2 MeV
Neutrino Signal
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 9
Backgrounds
AccidentaAccidental
● Dominant source of accidentals - Radioactivity (from PMT)
● Solution - we aim for a singles rate of less than 5/s above 0.7 MeV [expect far: 2 day-1 near: 11 day-1 ]
– Stringent radiopurity constraints
Cartoon
CorrelatedCorrelated
● Cosmogenics (β-neutron)
– Li-9 and He-8 long lived [expect far: 1.5 day-1 near: 4 day-1 ]
● Fast neutrons
– Proton Recoil (positron-like signal) followed by neutron capture [expect far: 0.2 day-1 near: 0.5 day-1 ]
● Caused by muons!
Our signal is a positron followed by a neutron capture (2 triggers)
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 10
The LaboratoriesOuter Muon VetoPlastic scintillator
strips with x,y positioning
Glove Boxes and
Calibration systems
Electronics
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 11
The Detectors
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 12
Muon Tracking● Outer Veto
– Tag near miss muons
– Entry point of any muon
● Inner Veto
– Efficient tag of muons and secondaries
– Track muon
● Muon Electronics
– Attenuated output of Inner Detector PMTs
– Track muon
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 13
Calibration
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 14
Far Detector - history
Lab for the original Chooz experimentLab for the original Chooz experiment
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 15
Far Detector - history
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 16
Far Detector – Filled and Shielded
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 17
Far Detector
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 18
Splitter
HV
Fro
nt-E
nd
Trigger
WaveformDigitisers
Muon
Electronics
Trigger● custom-built trigger system
(VME)● Trigger based on analog sum
on groups of PMTs.Gives Particle ID based on
Energy
Waveform Digitisers500 MHz 8-bit flash ADC (developed with Caen – V1721X)
Dead-time-less (for our expected event rate)In-house firmware allows choice of event size based on
Info from triggerTime between consecutive events
Front End● 8-channel custom-built● Amplified low noise outputs to Waveform Digitisers●Summed and stretched output to Trigger
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 19
Neutrino DAQ● Waveform Digitisers
– Digitise all 390 Inner Detector and 78 Inner Veto PMTs
– 60 FADC cards (split over 4 VME crates)
● Taking data now!
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 20
Far Detector - scintillation
Average light time response from a run during the filling of the Inner Detector
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 21
Far Detector - Events!
Event contained in Inner Detector
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 22
Far Detector - Events!
Muon in Inner Detector
Muon in Inner Veto
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 23
>45 m rock overburden
155 m of gallery (12%)
Liquid Handling and Storage Building
Neutrino Lab
Status: Near Lab
Near Lab to be completed by March 2012
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 24
Improvements on Chooz
● Statistical
– Large Volume
5.55m3 -> 10.3m3
– Run Time
~months -> 3-5 yrs
– Number of Events
– 2700 -> 60,000 (far in 3 yrs)
➢ 0.4 %
● Systematic
– Reactor
– Detector
– Analysis
➢ < 0.6%
Chooz : R = 1.01 ± 2.8% (stat) ± 2.7% (syst)
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 25
* Easier to control near vs far than absolute
∆ t
n *
*
*
Systematics: Analysis
– Lower threshold (see all of positron spectrum)
– Target Acrylic vessel (no fiducial volume cut)e
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 26
Systematics
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 27
Sensitivity
σpwr=2.0%σrel=0.6%σspe=2.0%
M. Mezzetto, 0905.2842
Double Chooz target sensitivity
sin22ϴ13~0.03 (for Δm231=2.5x10-3 eV2)
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 28
Conclusion● Far detector is Running!Far detector is Running!
● With farWith far
– Achieve a sensitivity of Achieve a sensitivity of sinsin2222ϴϴ1313~0.06 with one year of ~0.06 with one year of data data
● With near and farWith near and far
– measure sinmeasure sin2222ϴϴ13 13 to 3to 3σσ if sin if sin2222ϴϴ1313>0>0.05, .05,
– or exclude sinor exclude sin2222ϴϴ1313 down to 0.03 (90% C.L) with 3 years down to 0.03 (90% C.L) with 3 years of runningof running
● Expect interesting results from Double Chooz soon!Expect interesting results from Double Chooz soon!
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 29
backups
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 30
Complementary to Beam experiments
● Example of Double Chooz results compared to T2K– Assume full power for T2K
– 2 years of 2 detector (DC)
– Full =90%, dashed 3σ
● No dependence on δcp (reactor)
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 31
Calibration Sources● Objectives
– Relative neutrino detection efficiency between near and far < 0.5%
– positron/gamma energy scale to 1%
– Neutron energy scale to 25%
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 32
Neutrino DAQ
ROP:Trigger DATA
CONTROL
EVENTBUILDER
ROP:FADCs
ROP:FADCs
ROP:FADCs
DATA
ReadOutProcessor
VME ReadOut
Processor
FADCsTRIGGER
MUON
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 33
Total systematics: <~ 0.6%Statistics: 60000 neutrino events @ Far Detector
2%
2%
0.6%0.4% 0.8%
3%1%
3%1%
x2x0
G.Mention, Th.Lasserre
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 34
Scintillator Liquid Storage and Handling (Oct 08)
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 35
Spectrum
Energy MeV
● Two independent measures
– Normalisation
– Spectral Distortion
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 36
hep-ex/0606025
estimates with "old" near detector locationestimates with "old" near detector location= conservative= conservative(with new location: Nv/2 , N(with new location: Nv/2 , Nμμ/3)/3) Signal/Bkg >50Signal/Bkg >50
Background Comparison
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 37
M. Mezzetto, 0905.2842
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 38
Gd-doped Liquid Scintillator● Stability tests reassuring
– No change seen over ~700 days
● Scintillator ingredients for both detectors ready to be mixed (MPIK)
● Mixing in one batch
– Exact proportions for both detectors (H, Gd)
100kg Gd salt
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 39
FADC ● Waveform digitisers of νDAQ
– APC responsibility [Courty, Kryn, Dawson, Akiri]
● Developed in partnership with CAEN - V1721X
– 8 channels
– digitises at 500 MHz to 8-bit ● Dead-time-less
● Enhanced with In-House firmware
– Variable waveform size (max 4 μs)
– 2eSST DMA transfer ● Digitise all PMT signals (60 cards)
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Jaime Dawson, APC Paris 40