commissioning for high performance commissioning for high performance ken meline, principal command...
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Commissioning for High Performance
Ken Meline, PrincipalCommand Commissioning, LLC
Topics
Overview of Commissioning
Sustainable & High Performance Buildings
Commissioning for High Performance
Recent trends in Commissioning
Typical Design / Construction Communication Process
3
Definitions of Commissioning
My definition:
“It’s the Owner’s QA/QC process.”
Official definition*:
“Systematic process of assuring by verification and documentation, from the design phase to a minimum of one year after construction, that all facility systems perform interactively in accordance with the owner’s operational needs, including preparation of operation personnel.”
* Official definition of Total Building Commissioning established by the National Conference on Building Commissioning
Types of Commissioning
® Registered trademark of Texas A&M Energy Systems Laboratory
Type of CxPreviously Cx’d?
Performance Monitoring Req’d?
Functional Testing Req’d?
Re-Cx Yes No Yes
Retro-Cx No No Yes
CC® Yes/No Yes No
Monitoring-Based Cx
Yes/No Yes No
• New Building Commissioning‒ Process Commissioning‒ Technical Commissioning
• Existing Building Commissioning‒ Re-Commissioning‒ Retro-Commissioning‒ Continuous Commissioning®‒ Ongoing Commissioning‒ Monitoring-Based Commissioning
Why do we recommend Commissioning?
• Building Owner’s QA/QC process• Helps meet sustainability / high
performance building goals• Enhances reliability of complex
systems • Ensures comfortable, healthy
environments for tenants and employees
• Facilitates efficient system operations yielding energy savings
What are the motivating factors for end users?
• LEED points• Reliability (Data Centers, Hospitals, Labs)• Improved Comfort• Reduced Energy Consumption / Incentives• Mandates (Codes and Ordinances)
Measureable Benefits of Cx
Owners can achieve savings in operations
of$4.00
over the first years of occupancy
5as a direct result of every
invested in commissioning*$1.00
* Data from Whole Building Design Guide – a program of National Institute of Building Sciences (06-21-2010)
Commissioned buildings utilize less energy than non-commissioned buildings*
In many cases, this savings alone may more than pay for the entire commissioning process.
Measureable Benefits of Cx
* The Cost Effectiveness of Commercial Buildings Commissioning, Evan Mills, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, December 2004
15%??%
Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines
ACG (AABC Commissioning Group)• Certified Commissioning (CXA) Authority• ACG Commissioning Guideline• Dedicated to the advancement of professional, independent
commissioning services through education, training, and certification of qualified architects and engineers
ASHRAE• Commissioning Process Management Professional (CPMP) • ASHRAE / NIBS Guideline 0 – 2005 “The Commissioning
Process”• ASHRAE / NIBS Guideline 1 – 2007 “HVAC Technical
Requirements for the Commissioning Process”• ASHRAE / ANSI Standard 2012 – 2013 “Commissioning
Process for Buildings and Systems”
Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines
NEBB (National Environmental Balancing Bureau)• BSC Certified (Building Systems Commissioning)• NEBB Procedural Standards for Building Systems• Established in 1971, standards for:
‒ Testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB)‒ Commission and retro-commission building systems
commissioning‒ Sound and vibration testing‒ Test and certify laboratory fume hoods/cleanrooms
BCA (Building Commissioning Association) • Certified Commissioning Professional (CCP)• The Building Commissioning Handbook
ICC (International Code Council) • ICC G4-2012 Guideline for Commissioning
NECA (National Electrical Contractors Association)
• Origins back to 1901• NECA 90- Recommended Practice for Commissioning
Building Electrical Systems
NFPA 70• NEC Article 708 – Critical Operations Power Systems
Commissioning Certifications & Guidelines
Cost of Commissioning
• Depends on the following:‒ Project size
‒ Complexity of building systems
‒ Systems to be commissioned
• Typically less than 1% of total construction cost
Sustainable Bldg Guidelines & Best Practices
• US Green Building Council‒ LEED
• European Green Building Councils‒ BREEAM
• Estidama‒ Pearl Rating System
• World Green Building Council‒ No independent rating system
COMMISSIONING
Commonality in All Rating Systems
High Performance Bldg Guidelines & Best Practices
• ASHRAE‒ Standard 90.1-2013 – Energy Standard for Buildings Except
Low-Rise Residential Buildings‒ Standard 55-2013 – Thermal Environmental Conditions for
Human Occupancy‒ Standard 62.1-2013 – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality‒ Standard 189.1-2011 – Standard for the Design of High-
Performance Green Buildings ‒ Green Guide 4th Edition – Design, Construction, and
Operation of Sustainable Buildings
• EPA Energy Star‒ Portfolio Manager
• NIBS‒ Whole Building Design Guide
What’s the difference… “Green”, “Sustainable”, “High Performance”?
• NIBS - High Performance Building Council: “A building that integrates and optimizes all major high-performance building attributes, including energy efficiency, durability, life-cycle performance, and occupant productivity”
• ASHRAE Guideline 32 - Sustainable High-Performance Operations and MaintenanceA high-performance building “consistently delivers a highly productive environment without wasting resources”
• Environmental Protection Agency “Green building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or high performance building.”
So………………?
• Overview of Commissioning• Sustainable & High Performance Buildings
Existing Buildingor
New Building?
Commissioning of New High Performance Buildings
Design Phase
Construction Phase
Acceptance Phase
Post Acceptance
Phase
BUT,
“Begin with the end in mind”
Stephen Covey
“If you don’t know where you are going, you will probably not wind up there.”
Forrest Gump
Start at the beginning!!!
Commissioning of New High Performance Buildings
System Rating(s)
USGBC LEED Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum
ASHRAE Building Energy QuotientStandard 90.1Standard 189.1
EPA Energy Star
• Emphasis on Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR)• Decisions based on life cycle cost• What benchmark or Rating System to use?
Sustainable or Green Features
• Emphasis on Design Phase• Sophisticated HVAC controls with optimized
sequences• Sophisticated lighting controls• Condensate recovery systems• Rainwater collection and reuse• Low flow plumbing fixtures• Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV)
systems• Building envelope: Design reviews and field testing• Indoor Air Quality (IAQ): Ventilation that meets or
exceeds ASHRAE 62.1• Natural lighting & light pollution• System performance benchmarking
Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High Performance
Planning Investigation Implementation Turnover Persistence
Start at the beginning!!!
BUT,
“Begin with the end in mind”
Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High Performance
• Emphasis on Planning and Investigation Phases• Determine the Current Facility Requirements (CFR)• What are the motivating factors for EBCx?
‒ Energy Reduction‒ LEED Points‒ Occupant complaints‒ Code or Ordinance Requirements‒ Utility Incentive
• What benchmark or rating system to use?‒ LEED EB‒ EPA Energy Star‒ Labs21
Commissioning of Existing Buildings for High Performance
• Extensive use of Baselines and Benchmarking‒ “Normalizing” data‒ Energy Use Intensity (EUI)‒ Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
• Measurement & Verification Plan (M&V Plan)‒ BAS Trend Logs (Monitoring based Cx)‒ Whole building meter data or sub-meters?
• Methodology for repairs & upgrades• Fault detection and diagnostics (FDD)
Normalizing Data
Nov-10 Feb-11 May-11 Aug-11 Nov-11 Feb-12 May-12 Aug-12 Nov-12 Feb-13 May-130
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Electricity Use Outside Temperature
Mon
thly
Dai
ly A
vera
ge E
lect
rici
ty U
se (k
Wh/
day)
Mon
thly
Ave
rage
Out
side
Air
Dry
-bul
b Te
mpe
r-at
ure
(⁰F)
Normalizing Data
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1100
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Monthly Average Outside Air Dry-bulb Temperature (⁰F)
Mon
thly
Dai
ly A
vera
ge E
lect
rici
ty U
se (k
Wh/
day)
Normalizing Data
Table 1: California Commissioning Collaborative: Building Performance Tracking in Large Commercial Buildings: Tools and Strategies Subtask 4.4 Research Report,Greensfelder, Friedman, Crowe; November 2010
Recent Trends and Developments in the Commissioning World
• ASHRAE Standard 202-2013 Commissioning Process for Buildings and Systems– Approved at June 2013 meeting– Guideline vs. Standard
• Key differences to Guideline 0 – reference Introduction PowerPoint
• ASHRAE Guideline 0.2P, The Commissioning Process for Existing Systems and Assemblies (First Public Review Draft)– 45 day public review period from December 6, 2013 to
January 20, 2014
Recent Trends and Developments in the Commissioning World
• ASHRAE Guideline 1.4P, Procedures for Preparing Facility Systems Manuals (First Public Review Draft)– 45 day public review period from November 22, 2013 to
January 6, 2013
• Technical vs. Process Commissioning– ASHRAE Journal Article June 2013
• Automated Fault Detection and Diagnostics (AFDD) Systems
