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Comic • Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) • Conflict underlying the mytho-heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s leisure and fantasy) • Paving the way for animation (Krazy Kat) • First Cultural Product that kids bought on their own (competition for leisure time-- the hurried child)

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Page 1: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Comic• Visualized communication

associated with children (lower forms of expression)

• Conflict underlying the mytho-heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s leisure and fantasy)

• Paving the way for animation (Krazy Kat)

• First Cultural Product that kids bought on their own (competition for leisure time-- the hurried child)

Page 2: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Meaning Making

• Cognitive Structures (Jean Piaget)– Enactive = Play/ Actions/ Gestures– Iconic = Pattern Recognition/ Visual Representation– Symbolic = Spoken Language (system of abstract

concepts)– Games, Stories and Literacy (higher level

representations)

• Language• Play Identity/ Social Skills• Narrative

Page 3: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Why BFG?: Reading the politics of children’s

literature• Competing Rationales for Books

• Dahl/ Tolkeing:Archaeology of the Imagination– Lost in Translation/ Adaptation– Word Play and Conversation– Characters and Interactions– Therapeutic Ethos -- gentling the

imagination

Page 4: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Kamloops vs Leapfrog

Shopping Cart:

We’ll have lots of fun.

Lets go shopping!

LeapFrog Pretend and Learn Shop

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In Defense of Play

• Folk play is– Social and community– Natural and organic– Child-generated

narrative– intrinsically rewarding

ie structure of feeling associated with intensified feelings and self-challenge

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Huizinga:The Play

Instinct as the source

of culture making

Page 7: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Children’s Games

-control and decontrol

-festival, drama and masquarade

-contest, chance and mastery

-

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Carnival as theology and the repression of play

• Play mocks seriousness and the predictable world

• Play breaks work ethos - idle hands and the devils bidding

• Play as celebration (bracketing of reality .. Foundation of as if)

• Play as spirtual practice of culture making - ritualized theology of ‘chance’ and ‘chaos’

Page 9: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

The modernization of play

Domestication, commodification, commercialization and technification

of play cultures

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Page 11: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Toys as Educational Media: origins of constructivism

• inscribed with play values

• combining symbols and objects

• assembling components

Page 12: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Play as Learning- John Locke • preparation of the child for learning ie

blocks, construction, letters• sports - skills, strategy, rules and team

work - sports play/ phys ed• Practice, dexterity, mastery - bows,

guns, Yo-Yo ie Playskools and Fisher Price Pull Toys

• Games, Rules ie Dominos, cards, chess• Lego and construction sets

Page 13: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

The concept of Kinder-garden giving kids spiel raum (liberating

natural play)

Page 14: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

moral crisis of childhood removing kids from the streets

• Mean world syndrome - a cultural world contoured of fear and risk/ increasingly protection from harm– Eg the playground movement

- mobilize children into safe spaces (1900)

– Danish Planning– The street hockey game vs

the organized hockey game (soccer leagues 1990)

Page 15: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

productive leisure: managing energy release and transgression

• Idleness is dangerous/ peer culture is dangerous - ie playgrounds to channel into healthy activity - play as control

• Sports and the Playing fields of Eton

• Children need to let off steam - physical challenge and burning excess energy makes children more pliant - the professionalization of sport

• My scouting career! Play as a form of moral oppression vs emancipation

Page 16: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

The Play Ethos

Valuing Children’s Valuing Children’s Constructive LeisureConstructive Leisure

Page 17: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Play as rehearsal - social skills and role taking

• Teams (kick the can, capture the flag) and games (spin the bottle)

• Plush- imaginary friends and bonding

• Rough and tumble- WWF• Playing house/ dolls house• Baby dolls, toy soldiers• Barbie play

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Play and the liberated imagination• individual expression: art,

music, dance (JAZZ)

• Fantasy play- narrative elaboration and creativity

• Role play - doctor, d and d

• Exploration and problem solving (discovering the world, attitude of wonder ie playing in nature vs playing with transformers)- computers

Page 19: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Modernist Play

The work of childhood is learning.

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The development of a toy industry:

• Early Toy industry (Gary Cross- Kid’s stuff: Toys and the Changing World of the American Child)- the children’s day movement - 1928

• Toys as Marketed Commodities - ideal toys co. and the Teddy Bear

• History of industry: Marketing vs the market– Pre-ww1- dolls and plush:– Early Industrialization- FP, Playskool, Monopoly, Lego, – Post war-1980- Barbie/ Mattel - early ads

• Commercialization of Play (global industry) – Contemporary-Hasbro, Mattel, Leapfrog

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Modernist Concept of “Good Play”

Page 22: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Milestone Toys

• Learning: cards/ dominos, Puzzles, sand-box, guessing game, Construction

• Development: Ball, Blocks, Rings, Riding, • Role Play: Play house, board games, DnD• Fantasy: Puppet, Teddy, Barbie, GI Joe• Function: trains, trucks, cooking• Entertainment: Jack n box, pin ball, video

game

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Playing with Culture

The Making of the Toy Industry

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Page 30: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s
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Games With Rules

• sports• checkers• board games• cards• chess• strategy games

Page 35: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Manipulating Objects with Functions

• Construction Sets• Trains• Cooking Utensils• Domestic Technology• Trucks• Pull Toys• Wagons

Page 36: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Practice and Skills

• balls• skipping• playground• hopscotch• darts• drawing

Page 37: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s
Page 38: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Play industries

Page 39: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Increasing role of marketing in toy industry

• Early advertising to kids

• Mattel

• Tie-ins and spin offs

• Character marketing

• Synergy Marketing

Page 40: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

  DOLLARS UNITS

  1997 1998 % Chg 1997 1998 % Chg

I.INFANT/PRE-SCHOOL $1,403 $1,379 -1.7 218 214 -1.8

II.DOLLS $2,154 $2,085 -3.2 252 252 0.0

III.PLUSH $1,353 $1,614 19.3 259 303 17.0

IV.ACTION FIGURE TOYS $1,046 $907 -13.3 186 154 -17.2

V.VEHICLES $1,544 $1,633 5.8 349 411 17.8

VI.RIDE-ONS $743 $728 -2.0 34 33 -2.9

VII.GAMES/PUZZLES $1,479 $1,506 1.8 248 245 -1.2

VIII.ACTIVITY TOYS $2,087 $2,097 0.5 680 682 0.3

IX.ALL OTHER TOYS $3,446 $3,266 -5.2 1,095 1,080 -1.4

TOTAL TOY INDUSTRY$15,2

5515,215 -0.3 3,321 3,374 1.6

VIDEO GAMES $4,253 $5,106 20.1 112 159 42.0

TOTAL TOY INDUSTRY WITH VIDEO

GAMES

$19,5

08$20,321 4.2 3,433 3,533 2.9

Page 41: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Emerging Postmodern Childhood

• family life

• television

• children’s marketing

Page 42: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Family Life: Postwar Trends

• babyboom

• suburbs

• consumer lifestyle

• fragmentation of family

• growth of leisure

Page 43: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Is Play Culture Changing?

video

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Values of Postmodern Play

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Revaluing Play as Leisure

• MODERN• learning• action• construction• social

• POSTMODERN• fun• entertainment• consumption• individual

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Postmodern Play

The pleasure of play is make believe.

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Effects of deregulation

Page 48: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Identity Play:Fashion, Super Heroes, Family

• dolls

• costumes

• masks

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Fantasy Worlds:Science Fiction, War,

and Fairyland

• play sets

• immersion

• simulation games

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Fictional Sociality: Identity, Peers and Fantasy Play

• role play games

• character toys

• action figures

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Style Wars

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Globalized Playthings Industry (85 billion)

Présentation PowerPoint

http://www.toy-icti.org/resources/wtf&f_2003/2003_files/frame.htm#slide0001.htm
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Page 58: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

Return of the Repressed

Page 59: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

What is Play?• Modern Play Theories

– Piaget - play as mental structuration and concept learning: enactive, iconic, symbolic

– Erikson- play as working through in fantasy– McLuhan - games and the psychic structure of

culture (sports, contests, war games)– Sutton-Smith - play as paradoxical communication

and the basis of peer culture

Page 60: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

The play ethos: What makes play good for children?

• Physical:Coordination, energy release, fitness, health• Skills and role rehearsal/ behaviour practice • Exploration, Discovery, • Mastery, confidence, self-satisfaction • Conceptual schema ( piaget enactive and symbolic stages)• Language, Identity, self expression• Rules structures, self discipline• Creativity and imagination• Learning as pleasure• Peer culture, social cooperation

Page 61: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

The Dilemmas of Modern Childrearing

• Emphasis on psychological maturation over needs and growth

• Emphasis on identity and personality

• Emphasis on children’s autonomy

• Emphasis on cognitive development - intellectual stages rather than cross-age mingling

• Freudian theory (trauma, sexual development, progressing through stages)

Page 62: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

“...the last toy that we bought was that light thing from Disneyland...because he hounded us, actually we did it to

keep our sanity.”

Page 63: Comic Visualized communication associated with children (lower forms of expression) Conflict underlying the mytho- heroic narrative (moral panic over children’s

““constantly nag nag nag ...constantly nag nag nag ...I gotta have this mom...I gotta have this mom......especially when he is ...especially when he is watching the afternoon watching the afternoon

TV shows...”TV shows...”

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Rough and Tumble:The Ecstasy of Agon-y

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Concerned Parent“you can do a lot with Lego and you are not committed to Batman’s version of the world ... to ugly people are bad, to big strong guys are heroes, to buy more weaponry. “

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The thin Black Lion: (life within the domestic sanctuary

• stress of being a good parent is great– financial

– time

– partnering

• how to win/ ensure a childs emotional bonds to family - bonding as well as preparing for the big bad world! – well-being vs love (santa gifts)?

• what is healthy development ?– how much freedom and autonomy?

– how can I define limits?

– How can I know what is good for kids

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The Family that Plays

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Debating the Hurried Child Syndrome: MacLeans Nov 22, 04

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LeapFrog: The Tyranny of Educational Toys

• Bringing up Brainy vs

• Kamloops Birthday Party


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