comercio internacional (trabajo de investigacion)

7/25/2019 Comercio Internacional (Trabajo de Investigacion)

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COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL

NICANDRO PEREZ MENDOZA

CARRERA: DERECHO

SEMESTRE: 1

CURSO: INTRODUCCION A LA ECONOMIA

24/11/2015

TRABAJO FINAL

INDICE


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1.1 INTRODUCCION

1.2ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS

1.3 Teo!"# $e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%.

1.4 Me&")*(%(#'o

1.4 +e)*"," "-#o%*".

1.5 +e)*"," &o'""*(". P()&((o# $e% #(%o I

1. Teo!" $e He&6#&7e8O7%().

1.9 Teo!" " 'o)e*"(" $e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%.

1.; OBJETI+O

2.1

2.2


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1.1 INTRODUCCION

E) e#*e *e'" "-o$"e'o# %o# "&o)*e&('(e)*o# 7(#*(&o# $e% 'e&"$o ()*e)"&(o)"% "#!&o'o "%)"# $e %"# *eo!"# '# ('o*")*e#. L" ('o*")&(" $e% %(-e &o'e&(o e e# "%oe -e)eG(&(" " %"# e&o)o'!"# $e %o# "!#e# %o e ('%#" " %o# &o'e&(o#()*e)"&(o)"%e#. E% 'e&"$o $e %"# ('o*"&(o)e# eo*"&(o)e# e) e -e)eG(&(") &"$"

"&*(($"$ " %" e #e (e" $e$(&" "%) "!#.

e%(&"e'o# %"# ()&("%e# e#*(&&(o)e# " %"# e #e e)Ge)*" e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%"" e #o) &% e# e% o-,e*(o $e% o-(e)o "% ('o)e%"#.


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1.2ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS

1.3 Teoras del comercio internacional.

1.4 ercantilismo

L" ('e" *eo!" $e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% &o)o&($" &o'o 'e&")*(%(#'o #( e)I)%"*e" " 'e$("$o# $e% #(%o +I. E#*" *eo!" e#*"-%e&!" e e% oo %" %"*" e") %o#(%"e# G)$"'e)*"%e# $e %" (e" )"&(o)"% e#e)&("% "" e% &o'e&(o &e&(e)*e.

S ()&((o G)$"'e)*"% e#*"-%e&!" e e#%*"-" ' &o)e)(e)*e "" ) "!# '")*e)e) e&e$e)*e $e &o'e&(o 'e$(")*e ) '"o )(e% $e eo*"&() e $e ('o*"&() $e%o"%o ) "!# "&'%"!" oo %"*" e ()&e'e)*"!" # (e" e#*((o )"&(o)"%e#.

U)o $e %o# ()&("%e# eo#(*oe# $e %" &o(e)*e 'e&")*(%(#*" Ge T7o'"# M)) (e)ee# ## ($e"# G)$"'e)*"%e# e) %" o-" E)%")$# Te"#e - Foe() T"$e.

1.4 !enta"a a#sol$ta.E) 199 A$"' S'(*7 e) # o-" '('" T7e Ke"%*7 oG N"*(o)# "'e)* e %o# "!#e#$(G(ee) e) # &""&($"$ "" o$&( "*!&%o# $e '")e" eG(&(e)*e o e,e'%o e) #@o&" %o# ()%e#e# e") %o# G"-(&")*e# $e *e*(%e# '# eG(&(e)*e# $e% ')$o.

Po # "*e %o# G")&e#e# &o)*"-") &o) %" ()$#*(" $e ()o '# eG(&(e)*e $e% ')$o $e-($o()&("%'e)*e " )" &o'-()"&() $e &%('" G"o"-%e e&e%e)*e# *(e"# )" ")e#e&("%("&(). Po %o *")*o &o)&%eo) e ) "!# *(e)e )" e)*"," "-#o%*" #o-e&"%(e o*o &")$o e# e% '# eG(&(e)*e e) %" o$&&() $e )" 'e&")&!".

1.% !enta"a com&arati'a. ()rinci&ios del si*lo +I+,

D"($ R(&"$o # ()&("% eo)e)*e &o)$&e %" *eo!" $e A$"' S'(*7 ) "#o "$e%")*e"% &o)#($e" %o e o$!" #&e$e &")$o ) "!# *(e)e )" e)*"," "-#o%*" e) %"o$&&() $e *o$"# %"# 'e&")&!"#.

Co) -"#e e) e#*" *eo!" R(&"$o e#*"-%e&e e ) "!# $e-e e#e&("%("#e e) "e%%o#-(e)e# #e(&(o# e e$" o$&( $e '")e" '# eG(&(e)*e "$(( $e o*o# "!#e#"e%%o# e o$&" $e '")e" 'e)o# eG(&(e)*e ()&%#o &")$o e) o&"#(o)e# e#*oee#e)*e "$(( -(e)e# e*"),eo# &" o$&&() )"&(o)"% $(e#e #e '# eG(&(e)*e.

L" e)*"," &o'""*(" e#*"-%e&e e %" "e*" $e ) "!# "% %(-e &o'e&(o e#*('%" e%

&e&('(e)*o e&o)'(&o e " # e &e" ")")&("# $()'(&"# " "*( $e% &o'e&(o.


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1.- Teora de Hecsc/er0O/lin.

L" *eo!" $e E%( He&6#&7e 11 Be*(% O7%() 133 e&o)o'(#*"# #e&o# %")*e" )"e%(&"&() $(#*()*" " %" e)*"," &o'""*(". Co)#($e"o) e @#*" e# o$&*o $e %"#$(Gee)&("# e) %" $o*"&() )"&(o)"% $e G"&*oe# #e e%(&" o e#*e &o)&e*o e% "$o e)e ) "!# 7" #($o G"oe&($o &o) eo# *"%e# &o'o *(e" '")o $e o-" &"(*"%.

L" *eo!" $e He&6#&7e8O7%() #o#*(e)e e e% "*) $e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% e#*$e*e'()"$o o %"# $(Gee)&("# e) %" $o*"&() $e G"&*oe#. A$e'# e#*" *eo!" e$(&e e%o# "!#e# eo*") "e%%o# -(e)e# e 7"&e) #o ()*e)#(o $e G"&*oe# %o&"%'e)*e"-)$")*e# e ('o*") "e%%o# -(e)e# e 7"&e) #o ()*e)#(o $e G"&*oe# %o&"%'e)*ee#&"#o#.

1. Teora &$ra monetaria del comercio internacional.

E#*" *eo!" %")*e" e e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% e#* &o'e)$($o o $o# &"'o# $ee#*$(o ('eo o $e %" *eo!" " e% #e)$o e e# %" *eo!" 'o)e*"(". L" ('e" #e

eG(ee "% ")%(#(# $e "%o "%(&"$o "% ()*e&"'-(o ()*e)"&(o)"% &o)#($e" $o# "#e&*o#.

E% e)Goe o#(*(o: e #e e)&"" $e e%(&" e$e&( %o# "&o)*e&('(e)*o# ""&o)*e#*" " e)*"# &o'o


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1. O5ETI!O

E%(&" &'o G)&(o)") %o# 'e&"$o# &o) e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%. I$e)*(G(&" %"# ")")&("# $e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% (e) ")" (e) (e$e.

E%(&" %o# eGe&*o# $e %"# e#*(&&(o)e# "% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%. E%(&" e"%" %o# "'e)*o# e'%e"$o# "" ,#*(G(&" %"# e#*(&&(o)e# "%

&o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%.


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2.1 6COO 7UNCIONAN 8OS ERCADOS 98OA8ES:

Pe#*o e &o'e&("'o# &o) %"# e#o)"# $e o*o# "!#e# %o# -(e)e# #e(&(o# e&o'"'o# &o)#'('o# )o e#*) %('(*"$o# o %o e o$e'o# o$&(. A %o# -(e)e# #e(&(o# e &o'"'o# " e)*e $e o*o# "!#e# #e %e# %%"'" ('o*"&(o)e# %o# -(e)e# #e(&(o# e e)$e'o# " e#o)"# $e o*o# "!#e# #e $e)o'()") eo*"&(o)e#.

2.2 6;$< im&$lsa al comercio internacional:

L" Ge" G)$"'e)*"% e $" o(e) "% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% e# %" e)*"," &o'""*(".L" e)*"," &o'""*(" e# )" #(*"&() e) %" e )" e#o)" e$e $e#e'e" )""&*(($"$ o o$&( ) -(e) o #e(&(o " ) &o#*o $e oo*)($"$ '# -",o e &"%(ee#o)" e#*" '(#'" ($e" #e "%(&" " %o# "!#e#.

2.3 ercado de im&ortaciones.

E(%(-(o #() &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%

L" "G(&" 'e#*" e% 'e&"$o e#*"$o)($e)#e $e %"e"# #() &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%. L"&" $e $e'")$" DEU $e E#*"$o# U)($o# $e*e'()") e% e&(o $e )" %"e" e) ; $%"e# %" &")*($"$ $e %"e"# e #e o$&e &o'" e) E#*"$o# U)($o# e# $e 40 '(%%o)e# "%"o.


8/18


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"(). E% e&(o e) e% 'e&"$o e#*"$o)($e)#e #-e %" o$&&() $e "(o)e# e) E#*"$o#U)($o# "'e)*" "900 "% "o %"# &o'"# e#*"$o)($e)#e# $e "(o)e# $(#'()e) " 200 "%"o. A#! E#*"$o# U)($o# eo*" 500 "(o)e# "% "o.

2.- 9anancias &


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3.1 9anancias &&ortaciones.

Me$('o# %"# ")")&("# %"# @$($"# $e %"# eo*"&(o)e# $e %" '(#'" '")e" e) e'e$('o# %"# $e %"# ('o*"&(o)e# #e) # eGe&*o e) e% e&e$e)*e $e% &o)#'($o e%e&e$e)*e $e% o$&*o e% e&e$e)*e *o*"%.

E) %" G(&" " e% 'e&"$o e#*"$o)($e)#e #() &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% e% "e" e$e'e#*" e% e&e$e)*e $e% &o)#'($o e% e" "% e% e&e$e)*e $e% o$&*o.

E) %" G(&" - e% 'e&"$o e#*"$o)($e)#e &o) &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% e% e&(o #-e "%e&(o ')$("%. E% e&e$e)*e $e% &o)#'($o #e e$&e "% e" A. E% e&e$e)*e $e% e#o$&*o #e e")$e "% e" BCD. E% e" D e# ) "'e)*o $e% e&e$e)*e *o*"% e# $e&(%" ")")&(" $e %"# eo*"&(o)e#.

4.1 Restricciones al comercio internaci?n

Lo# o-(e)o# #") &"*o *(o# $e ()#*'e)*o# "" ()G%( e) e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% o*ee " %"# ()$#*("# )"&(o)"%e# $e %" &o'e*e)&(" e*",e" e#*o# ()#*'e)*o# #o):

A")&e%e#. Co*"# $e ('o*"&(). O*"# e#*(&&(o)e# " %" ('o*"&(). S-#($(o# " %" eo*"&().


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4.2 Aranceles

U) "")&e% e# ) ('e#*o e e#*"-%e&e ) "!# ('o*"$o &")$o ) -(e) ('o*"$o&" # Go)*e" ()*e)"&(o)"%.Po e,e'%o e% o-(e)o $e I)$(" ('o)e ) "")&e% $e 100o &(e)*o #o-e e% ()o ('o*"$o $e C"%(Go)(". A#! &")$o ) 7()$ ('o*" )" -o*e%%"$e 10 $%"e# $e ()o &"%(Go)(")o "" "% o-(e)o 7()$ ) $ee&7o $e ('o*"&() $e 10

$%"e#.

L" *e)*"&() $e %o# o-(e)o# $e ('o)e "")&e%e# e# Ge*e. E) ('e %" %o# "")&e%e#oee) ()e#o# "% o-(e)o. E) #e)$o %" %e $") %" oo*)($"$ $e #"*(#G"&e %o#()*ee#e# e#o)"%e# $e %" e)*e e ")" ## ()e#o# e) ()$#*("# e &o'(*e) &o) %"#('o*"&(o)e#. Peo &o'o ee'o# %o# "")&e%e# o*"# e#*(&&(o)e# "% &o'e&(o()*e)"&(o)"% %(-e $(#'()e) %"# ")")&("# $e% &o'e&(o )o Go'e)*") e% ()*e@# #o&("%.

E% e&(o ')$("% $e )" %"e" e# $e 5 $%"e#. E) %" G(&" " &o) %(-e &o'e&(o %o#e#*"$o)($e)#e# &o'") 0 '(%%o)e# $e %"e"# "% "o. Lo# G"-(&")*e# $e o"

e#*"$o)($e)#e# o$&e) 20 '(%%o)e# $e %"e"# "% "o E#*"$o# U)($o# ('o*" 40'(%%o)e# "% "o.

E) %" G(&" - &o) ) "")&e% $e 2 $%"e# o %"e" e% e&(o e) e% 'e&"$oe#*"$o)($e)#e #-e " 9 $%"e# o %"e". L" o$&&() e#*"$o)($e)#e "'e)*" %"#&o'"# e) E#*"$o# U)($o# $(#'()e %" &")*($"$ ('o*"$" #e e$&e. E% o-(e)o $eE#*"$o# U)($o# e&"$" ()e#o# o e% "")&e% $e 2 $%"e# o &"$" %"e" ('o*"$"

e #e (%#*" 'e$(")*e e% e&*)%o 'o"$o.


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4.3 C$otas de im&ortaci?n.

U)" &o*" $e ('o*"&() e# )" e#*(&&() &")*(*"*(" " %" ('o*"&() $e ) -(e) e)"*(&%" %" &"% e#e&(G(&" %" &")*($"$ '('" e #e e$e ('o*" $e $(&7o -(e) e) )e(o$o $e*e'()"$o.

C"#( *o$o# %o# "!#e# ('o)e) &o*"# #o-e )" "'%(" "(e$"$ $e "*!&%o#. E#*"$o#U)($o# %"# ('o)e #o-e o$&*o# "%('e)*(&(o# &o'o e% "&" e% %*")o -(e)e#'")G"&*"$o# &o'o %o# *e*(%e# e% "e%.

L"# &o*"# $e ('o*"&() e'(*e) "% o-(e)o #"*(#G"&e %o# ()*ee#e# e#o)"%e# $e %"e)*e e o-*(e)e ()e#o# e) %"# ()$#*("# $e ('o*"&() e) &o'e*e)&(". S() e'-"oee'o# e "% ("% e ) "")&e% )" &o*" $e ('o*"&() $(#'()e %"# ")")&("# $e%&o'e&(o )o Go'e)*" e% ()*e@# #o&("%.

4.4 Otras restricciones a la im&ortaci?n.

Do# o# $e o%!*(&"# e ()G%e) e) %"# ('o*"&(o)e# #o):

B"e"# $e #"%$ #e($"$ e%"&(). Re#*(&&(o)e# o%)*"("# " %" eo*"&().

4.% arreras de la sal$d@ se*$ridad re*$laci?n.

M(%e# $e $e*"%%"$"# e%"&(o)e# $e #"%$ #e($"$ $e o*o# *(o# %('(*") e% &o'e&(o()*e)"&(o)"%. Po e,e'%o %" A$'()(#*"&() $e A%('e)*o# F'"&o# Foo$ ")$ DA$'()(#*"*(o) e"'()" %"# ('o*"&(o)e# e#*"$o)($e)#e# $e "%('e)*o# "" $e*e'()"#( #o) o# #")o# #eo# $e &o)#'( o$&($o# e) &o)$(&(o)e# #")(*"("#Q.

E% $e#&-('(e)*o $e %" EEB e)Ge'e$"$ $e %"# "&"# %o&"# e) )" #o%" "&"e#*"$o)($e)#e e) 2003 Ge #G(&(e)*e "" ##e)$e e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% $e &")e $ee# $e E#*"$o# U)($o#.

L" U)() Eoe" o7!-e %"# ('o*"&(o)e# $e &"#( *o$o# %o# "%('e)*o# 'o$(G(&"$o#e)@*(&"'e)*e &o'o %" #o" o$&($" e) E#*"$o# U)($o#. A)e %"# e%"&(o)e# $e%*(o e "&"-"'o# $e $e#&(-( )o e#*) $(#e"$"# "" %('(*" e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%*(e)e) e#e eGe&*o.

4.- Restricciones 'ol$ntarias a la e>&ortaci?n.

E# &o'o )" &o*" e #e "#()" "% "!# eo*"$o $e ) -(e). E#*e *(o $e -"e"&o'e&("% )o e# &o') e) ) ()&((o #e *(%( $")*e %" $@&"$" $e 1;0 &")$o J")%('(* o%)*"("'e)*e ## eo*"&(o)e# $e "*o"*e# " E#*"$o# U)($o#.


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%.1 S$#sidios a la e>&ortaci?n.

U) #-#($(o e# ) "o e e% o-(e)o 7"&e " ) o$&*o.U) #-#($(o " %" eo*"&()e# ) "o e e% o-(e)o 7"&e "% o$&*o $e ) -(e) eo*"$o. Lo# #-#($(o# " %"eo*"&() #o) (%e"%e# e) '&7o# "&e$o# ()*e)"&(o)"%e# &o'o e% T"*"$o $e L(-eCo'e&(o $e A'@(&" $e% No*e TLCAN %"# e%"# $e %" O")("&() M)$("% $e

Co'e&(o OMC.

A)e %o# #-#($(o# " %" eo*"&() #o) (%e"%e# %o# #-#($(o# e %o# o-(e)o# $eE#*"$o# U)($o# %" U)() Eoe" "") " %o# "(&%*oe# *e'()") "'e)*")$o %"o$&&() )"&(o)"% "*e $e %" &"% #e eo*".

E#*"# eo*"&(o)e# $e o$&*o# "!&o%"# #-#($("$o# $(G(&%*") %" &o'e*e)&(" e) %o#'e&"$o# %o-"%e# $e %o# o$&*oe# $e o*o# "!#e# #o-e *o$o $e G(&" A'@(&"Ce)*"% A'@(&" $e% S. Lo# #-#($(o# " %" eo*"&() e)e") ")")&("# "" %o#o$&*oe# )"&(o)"%e# eo $") %" " )" #-o$&&() ()eG(&(e)*e e) e% e#*o $e%

')$o &e") )" @$($" (e&e"-%e.

-.1 8os ar*$mentos contra la &rotecci?n.

De#$e e e(#*e) %o# "!#e# e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% %" e)*e 7" $e-"*($o #( %o 'e,o"" ) "!# e# *e)e ) &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"% %(-e o o*ee#e &o)*" %" &o'e*e)&("e*"),e".

E% "'e)*o '# o$eo#o " G"o $e% %(-e &o'e&(o: oo&(o)" ")")&("# " %o#&o)#'($oe# e e&e$e) &"%(e @$($" e) %" e e$") ()&( %o# o$&*oe# o%o *")*o %" #o&(e$"$ o-*(e)e )" ")")&(" )e*".

E(#*e) $o# "'e)*o# &%#(&o# "" e#*()( e% &o'e&(o ()*e)"&(o)"%.

L" ()$#*(" )"&(e)*e. E% $'().

-.2 El ar*$mento de la ind$stria naciente.

E% $e)o'()"$o "'e)*o $e %" ()$#*(" )"&(e)*e " G"o $e %" o*e&&() #o#*(e)e e e#)e&e#"(o o*ee )" ()$#*(" )e" "" e'(*(%e &e&e 7"#*" &o)e*(#e e) )"()$#*(" '"$" &"" $e &o'e*( e) %o# 'e&"$o# ')$("%e# e#*e "'e)*o #e -"#" e)

($e" $e %" e)*"," &o'""*(" $()'(&" %" &"% e$e #( $e% "e)$(",e "&*(&o.E% "e)$(",e &*(&o e# ) 'o*o o$eo#o $e% &o)o&('(e)*o $e %" o$&*(($"$ %"e)*"," &o'""*(" eo%&(o)"$" &"'-(" "&("# " %" ee(e)&(" e) e% *"-",o eo e#*o)o ,#*(G(&" %" o*e&&(). E) ('e %" e% "'e)*o $e %" ()$#*(" )"&(e)*e e# %($o)(&"'e)*e #( %o# -e)eG(&(o# $e% "e)$(",e &*(&o )o #%o #e &o)&e)*") e) %o#o(e*"(o# *"-","$oe# $e %"# e'e#"# $e %" ()$#*(" )"&(e)*e #()o e *"'-(@) #e


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$e"'") " o*"# ()$#*("# "*e# $e %" e&o)o'!". Po e,e'%o e) %" '")G"&*" $e"(o)e# 7" e)o'e# ")")&("# $e o$&*(($"$ e o(e)e) $e% "e)$(",e &*(&o.

-.3 El ar*$mento del d$m&in*.

E% $'() o&e &")$o )" e'e#" e*"),e" e)$e ## eo*"&(o)e# " ) e&(o '#

-",o e # &o#*o $e o$&&(). S( )" e'e#" (#(e" 7"&e#e $e ) 'o)oo%(o %o-"%#e "%$!" $e% $'().

E% o&e#o oe" "#!: %" e'e#" e*"),e" e)$e # o$&&() " ) e&(o o $e-",o $e# &o#*o "" e%('()" $e% )eo&(o " %"# e'e#"# )"&(o)"%e#. C")$o %"# e'e#"#)"&(o)"%e# #e e*(") %" e'e#" e*"),e" "oe&7" # o#(&() 'o)oo%(#*" &o-" )e&(o '# "%*o o # o$&*o.

E% $'() e# (%e"% -",o %"# e%"# $e %" OMC o %o e)e"% #e '")e," &o'o,#*(G(&"&() "" ('o)e "")&e%e# *e'o"%e# &o)o&($o# &o'o "")&e%e#&o'e)#"*o(o#.

.1 alana de &a*os internacionales.

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15/18

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.2 alance de c$enta corriente.

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. 2 C$enta corriente.

Re(#*" %o# &o-o# "o# o&e$e)*e# $e% &o'e&(o $e -(e)e# #e(&(o# %"# e)*"# e)Go'" $e -e)eG(&(o# ()*ee#e# $(($e)$o# o-*e)($o# $e% &"(*"% ()e*($o e) o*o "!#. L"&o'"e)*" $e -(e)e# #e e(#*" e) %" -"%")" &o'e&("% %o# #e(&(o# e) %" -"%")" $e#e(&(o# %o# -e)eG(&(o# e) %" -"%")" $e e)*"# %"# *")#Gee)&("# $e $()eo e) %" -"%")"$e *")#Gee)&("#.

B(-%(o"G!".

MICHEL PARIN =ERARDO ES?UI+EL MERCEDES MUOZ.

MICHEL PARIN EDUARDO LORIA.

SAMUELSON NORDHAUS.

N. =RE=OR MANIK


16/18

16

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17/18

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18/18

18

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