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Comenius LLP Multilateral Partnerships International Project Meeting 10-17 October 2011 Milas, Turkey Slide 2 The Beginnings of the Educational System in Hungary Slide 3 The Beginnings of the Hungarian Institutional Education Saint Stephen I (969-1038) The first king of Hungary who was crowned in 1000 got wise to the fact that the adoption of Christianity is prime necessity for the Hungarian Kingdom. Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Stephens father Gza, the Grand Prince of Hungarians, called Benedictine monks in the country. King I. Saint Stephen founded several monasteries for the Benedicts after he had invited more monks from Bohemia and Poland. One of the monks was Saint Gellrt who organised a cathedral school to teach the children of the poor not only the rich. The more talented ones got basic knowledge and religious education, and also were taught Latin grammar, Dictamen and Komputus. They could become archbishops as well. Slide 7 Throughout the 12 th -14 th centuries St. Stephen was the idol in the eye of the youth. Slide 8 Esztergom Cathedral Kalocsa Archbishopship Slide 9 Medieval genre of University of Pcs and buda Slide 10 The Renaissance Education in Hungary In the 15 th century the Court of King Matthias (1443 Kolozsvr 1490 Vienna) was the centre of humanistic education. Slide 11 Grammar Latin Diktamen composition writing in Latin speech, argumentation, law, versification, music Komputus astrology, geometry, physics, mechanics, alchemy, making of calendars, casting of horoscopes, rules of a healthy lifestyle Janus Pannonius (1434 Csezmice 1472 Medvevr) The Humanistic education of the literatus Slide 12 Schooling in Hungary after Mohcs in the mid 16 th century Slide 13 Reformation was spreading quickly and at first encountered no opposition from the Catholics. Luther's teachings were welcomed by the German- speaking citizens in the free royal cities (libera regiae civitas). Slide 14 Calvin and his principles were accepted in the country towns (oppidum). Lutherans (Evangelist) and the Calvinists (Reformed) were organized into churches and took their places beside the renewing Catholic Church in the feudal order of society. In the 1570s the initial revolutionary impetus broke in Hungary, too. Slide 15 Protestant schools - city and borough schools came under the jurisdiction of the Protestants - the Protestant educational leaders were taught - main objective :to teach religion, intense piety (pietas) - three main languages : Latin, Greek and Hebrew and Humanistic culture Slide 16 The first Hungarian prime book was printed in Gspr Heltais printing house in Kolozsvr in 1553. Slide 17 Zsuzsanna Lrntffy (1602-1660) Johannes Amos Comenius (1592-1670) Slide 18 Slide 19 Srospatak Reformed Church School Slide 20 Students from Debrecen at the end of the 17 th century Slide 21 Jnos Apczai Csere (1625-1659) - His main work: Hungarian Encyclopedia - language renewer Slide 22 Transylvanian protestant schools in the 17 th century Bethlen Gbor (1580-1629) - the reigning prince of Transylvania between 1613-1629 - Golden Age of Transylvania - Latin school in Gyulafehrvr was set up - a boarding school with an Academic Faculty was built up - sponsored students and members of the Academy were sent to study abroad - the youth were educated in institutions - landlords who did not allow the education of their serfs children were punished - foundations were established - libraries were set up - scientists were invited Slide 23 Transylvanian village cantor teacher from the 17 th century Slide 24 Jesuit Schools in Transylvania From the mid 1550 Catholic schools were available for children on weekdays and also on Sundays. The Catholic Church was given help from the Jesuits in organising secondary and higher education. Istvn Bthory noble Prince of Transylvania established schools. Focus was on studia humanities. Istvn Bthory (1533-1585) Prince Of Transylvania Slide 25 Mikls Olh, the Archbishop of Esztergom, founded the Nagyszombat church school in 1556. In the school curriculum the works of ancient classical authors were included in such a great number that had never been done before. In 1561 the archbishop founded the University Library. First Greek-Latin authors works, later comprehensive sciences of history, geography, law, natural sciences, medicine and mathematics. Slide 26 Pter Pzmny (1570-1637) the Innovator of Catholic Education Pzmny Pter, the Archbishop of Esztergom and a Jesuit monk. His archsee was in Nagyszombat. - 1624 Pzmneum opened in Vienna - 1635 the Jesuit University opened in Nagyszombat - 1667 the faculty of law started, then during the reign of Maria Theresa, the faculty of medicine Slide 27 Slide 28 A welcoming letter of the first rectors of the new Nagyszombat University. (1637) Slide 29 The Nagyszombat University moved to Buda in 1777 after the Jesuit Order had been dissolved, then in 1784 it moved to Pest and has been standing here since then. In 1950 it was named Etvs Lrnd University of Science. Slide 30 Schooling in the Enlightened Absolutism Maria Theresa's and her son Josef II's aim: centralisation of the country in - politics - economy - industry - public health - education In 1770 Maria Theresa reformed education. In 1773 she dissolved the Jesuit denomination and established an education fund from its property for primary and secondary and higher education. Empress Maria Theresa (1717-1780) Slide 31 Jzsef rmnyi (1741-1825) the creator of Ratio Educationis Slide 32 Hungarian course books from 1780-81 Slide 33 Education under the reign of Joseph II Habsburg (1741-1790) - German became the official language of the Parliament - subjects were taught in German in secondary schools - course books were published in German and Hungarian in public schools - fee in grammar schools, academies and universities - serfs could go on studying only with excellent marks Slide 34 Emperor Leopold II (1741-1790) In 1790 Leopold II codified protestant freedom of religion and educational autonomy in the 1790/91 Parliament. Acknowledged the Catholic Church as dominant besides the Evangelist and Reformed Churches. Education of the Hungarian language was enacted for those who could not speak Hungarian. Latin was unchanged. Slide 35 Elementary school from the mid 18 th century Slide 36 The curriculum of the Debrecen primary schools from 1770 Slide 37 Ratio Educationis II Published in 1806 - Compulsory only for the Catholic schools - Patience among nations and religions - Primary education is free - Each nation has schools in their mother tongue - 3 lower classes of the Latin school became 4 - German language is optional - Official language of education is Latin but Hungarian has a significant role - Ordained syllabus of Lycees and Academies - Lycees are 2-year institutions giving training on philosophy - Academies are 3-year institutions proposing law - The Ratio II is amended the fisrt one, simplified the diversity of subjects Slide 38 Schooling in The Era of Absolutism (1849-1867) Public education - governmental regulation (1849) - compulsory education between 6-12 - emphasis on religious education Secondary education - 'Organisationsentwurf' (1850) - only qualified teachers could to teach Higher education - compulsory and optional subjects disappeared - students could take up subjects in random order - Hungarian language is the language of education from 1860 (governmental regulation) Slide 39 Evangelist teacher training college in Sopron (1858) Slide 40 Reformed College in Debrecen (1856) Slide 41 The new bulding of the Ppa Reformed College (1858) Slide 42 The 16th-17th century building of the Srospatak Reformed School (Drawing was made in the mid-19th c.) Slide 43 Village school. When the teacher is away. (Funny picture from 1861) Slide 44 Baron Jzsef Etvs (1813-1871) From 1867 Baron Jzsef Etvss second term as Minister of Culture and Education. (The first one was in 1848.) - Total reform - 1868 the first Hungarian Public Education Act - Compulsory elementary education from 6-12 (free education, no fee) - Elementary school with 6 classes (one teacher in villages) - Every child is taught on mother tongue - Upper public school based on elementary with 6 classes - Civil schools in bigger villages (6 classes for boys, 4 classes for girls) Slide 45 Compiled, translated and created by Andrea Szobotin and Zsuzsanna Pataki Szvobodn Vsrhelyi Pl Secondary Trade School Source: Puknszky Bla Nmeth Andrs: Nevelstrtnet http://magyar-irodalom.elte.hu/nevelestortenet/ http://wikipedia.org Budapest MMXI