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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 10, Issue 07, July 2019, pp. 263-274, Article ID: IJCIET_10_07_026

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=7

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication

COLUMN DESIGN COMPRESSION

PERFORMANCE OF THAI DENDROCALAMUS

GIGANTUES LAMINATED BAMBOO

Songkarn Kongsricharoen

Engineering law and Inspection, Faculty of Engineering Ramkhamhaeng University,

Humark, Bangkok 10240 Thailand

Waranon Kongsong

Assistant Professor in Engineering law and Inspection, Faculty of Engineering

Ramkhamhaeng University, Humark, Bangkok 10240 Thailand,

Orcid: 0000-0003-2651-8476

Seree Typrakay

Associate Professor in the Engineering law and Inspection, Faculty of Engineering


Sirawan Ruangcuuay Tuprakay

Assistant Professor in the Engineering law and Inspection, Faculty of Engineering


Chaleeporn Thammapornram

Engineering law and Inspection, Faculty of Engineering Ramkhamhaeng University,

Humark, Bangkok 10240 Thailand, Orcid: 0000-0003-2273-5473

ABSTRACT

Thai Dendrocalamus Giganteus bamboo (TDG) is the giant size bamboo in

Thailand, which make it suitable for processing. Right now in Thailand use the

column of bamboo for home building, but it was not a stable building because no

standard to guarantee. This research foresaw the importance to use the natural

material and had developed the bamboo clump to the laminate bamboo column. In the

industry, the production of processed bamboo for most construction works is used the

part of bamboo by measure up approximate 2.5 meters from the bottom but this

research choosing to use other parts of bamboo to design column and the results show

that the bottom part column design get a good result average load of approximately

12852.40 kgf with the stress 514.10 kg/cm2

Key words: Thai Dendrocalamus Giganteus Bamboo (TDG), compressive strength,

laminated bamboo

Songkarn Kongsricharoen, Waranon Kongsong, Seree Typrakay, Sirawan Ruangcuuay Tuprakay

and Chaleeporn Thammapornram


Cite this Article: Songkarn Kongsricharoen, Waranon Kongsong, Seree Typrakay,

Sirawan Ruangcuuay Tuprakay and Chaleeporn Thammapornram, Column Design

Compression Performance of Thai Dendrocalamus Gigantues Laminated Bamboo.

International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(7), 2019, pp. 263-274.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=7

1. INTRODUCTION

With over 1200 species worldwide, bamboo has the potential to serve as an alternative

construction material; however, the use of bamboo in construction is currently limited to

cultural traditions and marginally engineered application due to the lack of standardization

and inherent variability of the material within and between species [1, 2]. Species of bamboo

in tropical belt shows maximum strength at third or the fourth year of age [3, 4, and 5]. The

use of bamboo is in the range of 3-4 years. [5, 6, 7].The mechanical properties of TDG

bamboo age, 3 years with average moisture 16.02-16.79 %, can be resistant to compression

29.74-43.79 MPa,tensile 159.38-257.68 MPa and bending test 2.21-3.47 MPa [8]

2. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

To study the mechanical properties of the TDG column in this paper focus on the compressive

strength. The TDG bamboo at age 3-year-old cut into 6 meters long from the bottom culms.

The TDG bamboos were from Nan province,Tha Wang Pha, Thailand. From this research

divided the culms into 3 part top, middle and bottom to analysis the part that affects the

mechanical properties of the TDG bamboo laminated column.

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this study, giant bamboo (TDG) aged 3 years immersed in water for 10 days. The drying

process 1-2 months in the solar kiln house (ambam1212 model ).A different part of the

bamboo form 6 meters bamboo cut into 2 meters and code it from the bottom with code B,

middle with code M and top with code T

3.1. The process of making the bamboo strip

After the bamboo turns into yellow color, cut them into the strip with width 3 cm long 2

meters. Process of making the bamboo strip, as shown in figure 1. As the following

1. Soak in water 10 day

2. dry with the solar kiln house 1-2 months

3. Cut into the strip

4. Planning the strip

Column Design Compression Performance of Thai Dendrocalamus Gigantues Laminated Bamboo


Figure 1 The process of making a bamboo strip

3.2. Sample forming process and design

In this process, the bamboo strip glue them together and compress it with clamp and the form

box as shown in figure 2 with column size standard 50×50×200 mm

Figure 2 The process of forming the column

3.3. TDG bamboo column standard size

TDG bamboo that used for design the standard column divided into 3 part ; bottom middle

and top for determined each part affect the column mechanical properties. Each part of the

bamboo strip glue together made the column type 1, as shown in figure 3 how the strip

layout for each elevation .




Figure 3 The TDG column design

4. TESTING AND TESTING STANDARD

The mechanical properties of bamboo are based on ASTM D143-09[9] and Standard for the

wood test in Thailand MYP 1211-51[10]. The details of the specimen’s size and the number

of tests shown in Table 1.

Table 1 The details of the specimens

Testing total Size

mm

Thickness

mm

Speed for the test

mm/min

Compression 27 50×200 50 10

For this paper, the mechanical testing divided into three main sections as follows the

designing part of the bamboo as, bottom, middle, and top which the setting test as shown in

figure 4 with the Universal test Machine (UTM)

4.1. Compression Test

This research use the test standard test method for compression parallel to grain MYP

1222.51(2551) [11]

Figure 4 The specimens for compression test

5. EXPERIMENT RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data test for this paper for TDG bamboo one location from Nan province, which has the

highest growth rate of the bamboo in Thailand. To analysis the mechanical properties of the

TDG column which different part of used in the design process.



5.1. Compression Test at the top part

The TDG bamboo at the top part with physical properties ; TDG bamboo After dry in the

solar kiln house about 1 – 2 months, physical properties of bamboo that are ready to be

implemented. The dry weight of TDG bamboo at the bottom part has an average of

circumference 48.64 centimeters thickness of dry weight 2.86 cm 6.59 kg, as shown in Table

2

Table 2 The physical properties of the TDG bamboo

Type circumference Wood thickness long Weight

cm cm cm kg

B1 53 3.5 210 7.92

B2 41 2 207 3.96

B3 45 2.5 206 5.46

B4 50 2.5 206 7.56

B5 48 3 208 6.27

B6 45 3 218 4.11

B7 55 3 205 9.48

B8 47 2.5 210 5.94

B9 53 3.5 214 7.56

B10 54 3.5 206 8.70

B11 45 2 207 5.64

B12 51 3 205 7.80

B13 44 3 213 4.14

B14 50 3 202 7.65

Average 48.64 2.86 208.36 6.59

At the bottom part of TDG bamboo can cut into the strip average 16 strips for one clump

and when glue the strip to get to the size 50 mm have to use the top strip total approximately 5

strips as shown in figure 5

Figure 5 The specimens of the top bottom’s glue layer




The column size design for the bottom part the test result as shown an average weight of

298 g and moisture content 7.97 % can resist the load 12852.4 kgf with the stress 514

g cm ⁄ as shown in table 3 and figure 6

Table 3 The physical properties of the TDG bamboo at the bottom part’s strip

Type Weight Moisture Load Stress

g % kgf kg/cm2

BA1 303 7.6 14766.18 590.65

BA2 292 9.4 12604.03 504.16

BA3 299 6.9 11187 447.48

Average 298 7.97 12852.4 514.096

Figure 6 The compression strength of the bottom part

5.1. Compression Test in the middle part

The TDG bamboo at the middle part with physical properties ; TDG bamboo After dry in the

solar kiln house about 1 month, physical properties of bamboo that are ready to be

implemented. The dry weight of TDG bamboo at the top part has an average of circumference

43.42 centimeters thickness of dry weight 1.43 cm 6.59 kg, as shown in Table 4.The period of

dry time in the solar kiln house of the TDG bamboo-this part approximately 1 month

At the middle part of TDG bamboo can cut into the strip average 14 strips for one clump

and when glue the strip to get to the size 50 mm have to use the top strip total approximately 9

strips as shown in figure 7

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12000.00

14000.00

16000.00

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00

Load

(kg

f)

compress (mm)

Type 1 Bottom

คA1 คA2 คA3





cm cm cm kg

M1 46 1.5 205 6.51

M2 42.5 1.3 208 4.88

M3 42 1.3 208 4.67

M4 40.5 1.3 206 4.22

M5 47 2 204 6.75

M6 41.5 1.3 207 4.55

M7 44 1.3 202 6.05

M8 42 1.4 206 4.79

M9 43 1.3 206 5.27

M10 44.5 1.5 202 6.15

M11 45 1.5 208 5.82

M12 44 1.5 203 5.85

M13 42 1.5 209 4.47

M14 42 1.5 206 4.74

M15 44 1.2 206 5.74

M16 47 1.7 203 7.00

M17 45 1.4 205 6.14

M18 40 1.3 207 3.92

M19 43 1.3 207 5.18

Average 43.42 1.43 205.68 5.41

Figure 7 The specimens of the middle part’s glue layer

The column size 50×50×200 mm design for the middle part the test result as shown an

average weight of 323.67 g and moisture content 7.03 % can resist the load 10788.83 kgf

with the stress 431.553 g cm ⁄ as shown in table 5 and figure 8




Table 5 The physical properties of the TDG bamboo in the middle part’s strip


g % kgf kg/cm2

MA1 299 6.9 11187 447.48

MA2 336 7.1 15479.57 619.18

MA3 336 7.10 5699.93 228.00

Average 323.67 7.03 10788.83 431.553

Figure 8 The compression strength of the middle part

5.3. Compression Test in the top part

The TDG bamboo at the top part with physical properties ; TDG bamboo After dry in the

solar kiln house about 1 month, physical properties of bamboo that are ready to be

implemented. The dry weight of TDG bamboo at the top part has an average of circumference

39.27 centimeters thickness of dry weight 0.97 cm 3.81 kg, as shown in Table 1.The period of

dry time in the solar kiln house of the TDG bamboo-this part approximately 20 day

At the top part of TDG bamboo can cut into the strip average 16 strips for one clump and

when glue the strip to get to the size 50 mm have to use the top strip total approximately 10

strips as shown in figure



cm cm cm kg

T1 38 0.9 205 3.47

T2 42 1 206 5.01

T3 40 1 208 3.99

T4 41 1 205 4.68

T5 42 1 204 5.19

T6 43 1.2 206 5.32

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0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00

Load

(kg

f)

Compress (kgf))

Type 1 Middle

กA1 กA2 กA3



T7 40 1 205 4.26

T8 37.5 0.8 206 3.23

T9 39.5 1 206 3.96

T10 38 1 206 3.33

T11 38 1.2 210 2.86

T12 39 0.9 204 3.98

T13 39 1 206 3.75

T14 35.5 0.8 208 2.21

T15 39.5 1 206 3.96

T16 39 1 212 3.21

T17 39.5 0.9 209 3.74

T18 36 1 205 2.58

T19 39 1 205 3.84

T20 36.5 0.8 210 2.45

T21 38 0.8 205 3.53

T22 40.5 1 204 4.56

T23 42 1 210 4.65

T24 42 1 207 4.92

T25 41 0.9 205 4.73

T26 36 1 211 2.04

T27 39 0.8 207 3.77

T28 41 1 207 4.50

T29 39 1 210 3.39

T30 37.5 1 207 3.03

Average 39.27 0.97 206.83 3.81

Figure 9 The specimens of the top part’s glue layer

The column size 50×50×200 mm design for the middle part the test result as shown an

average weight of 383.33 g and moisture content 6.80 % can resist the load 3814.09 kgf

with the stress 152.564 g cm ⁄ as shown in table 7 and figure 10




Table 7 The physical properties of the TDG bamboo at the top part’s strip


g % kgf kg/cm2

TA1 382 6.8 3820 152.80

TA2 384 6.8 3820.27 152.81

TA3 384 6.80 3802 152.08

Average 383.33 6.80 3814.09 152.564

Figure 10 The compression strength of the top part

5.4. Comparison of the mechanical properties of giant bamboo

TDG bamboo the results shown that at ages 3 years the results show that the bottom part get

the best results with average max load 12852.40 kgf with the stress 514.10 g cm ⁄ as shown

in table 8 and figure 11 Table 8 Comparison of the column with a different part


g % kgf kg/cm2

Bottom 298 7.97 12852.40 514.10

Middle 324 7.03 10788.83 431.55

Top 383 6.8 3814.09 152.56

Figure 11 Comparison the compression strength of the different part

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5000.00

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00

Load

(kg

f)

Compress (mm))

Type 1 top

ปA1 ปA2 ปA3

12852.40

10788.83

3814.09

514.10 431.55 152.56

Load

(kg

f)

stress (kg/cm2)

Load VS Stress



6. CONCLUSION

TDG column design in this type lay the strip in one direction, and the results show that the

factor that affects the compressive strength of the bean design as the following

6.1 Part of the strip

The strip made from different part the results shown that the bottom part of the strip glue to

make the bamboo column can resist the best max load, as shown in figure 12 .

6.2. Glue

The Glue affects the strength of the specimen. Compression time In this research, it took more

than 8 hours and had to wait for the glue set for 1 month before testing. Hand glue must be

delicate to make the column stable.

6.3. Moisture

All the strip much have the moisture content below 12 %

Figure 12 Comparison of the compression strength of the different part

REFERENCES

[1] Harries KA, Sharma B, & Richard MJ. (2012). Structural use of full culm bamboo:the

path to standardization.Int Arch Eng Constr, 66-75.

[2] Dunkelberg ,& Klaus. (1985). IL-31 :Bamboo as a building material . Institut fur Leicht

Flachentragwerke (IL): Universitat Stuttgart .

[3] Gatoo A, Sharma B, & Bock M. (2014). Structural use of full clum bamboo;the path to

standardization and Building code. Proc Inst Civil Engineer , 189-96.

[4] Ghavami K. (2005). Bamboo as reinforcement in the structural concrete element. Cement

&Concrete Composites , 637-49.

[5] Janssen JJA. (1981). Bamboo in Building structures, Ph.D. thesis. Holland: Eindhoven

University of technology.

[6] Thammapornram C, (2018). The Innovation of Dendrocalamus Giganteus bamboo beam,

Phd.dissertation of Engineering Law and Inspection: Faculty of Engineering

Ramkhamhaeng University

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14000.00

Bottom Middle Top

LOA

D (

KG

F)

PART OF STRIP

Load vs Part of strips




[7] Thamapornram C, Kongsong, & Buranakarn V (2018) .Thai Dendrocalamus Giganteus

.Science, Technology, and Architecture. ESTCON Thailand

[8] Chaleeporn Thammapornram, Waranon Kongsong,Vorasun Buranakarn,effecting Factors

of mechanical Properties of Thai Denrocalamus Gigantues Bamboo, International Journal

of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 9(13),2018,pp. 1457-1467.

[9] ASTM D143-09. (2009). Standard test method for small clear specimens of timber. West

Conshohocken ,PA,USA: ASTM international .

[10] MYP 1221-51. (2551). Standards Test of wood . Thailand: The Bureau of Building

Inspection and Control Department of Public Works and Town planning .

[11] MYP 1222.51. (2551). Standard Test Method for Compression Parallel to Grain.

Thailand: The Bureau of Building Inspection and Control Department of Public Works

and Town Planning year.

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