coloring the periodic table - familiesmsbunney.weebly.com/.../periodic-table-families.pdf · in the...
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ThePeriodic Table
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Why is the Periodic Table important to me?
The periodic table is the most useful tool to a chemist.
You get to use it on every test.
It organizes lots of information about all the known elements.
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Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry ……was a mess!!!
No organization of elements.
Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!
Difficult to find information.
Chemistry didn’t make sense.
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Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Table
HOW HIS WORKED…
Put elements in rows by increasing atomic weight.
Put elements in columns by the way they reacted.
SOME PROBLEMS…
He left blank spaces for what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!)
He broke the pattern of increasing atomic weight to keep similar reacting elements together.
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The Current Periodic TableMendeleev wasn’t too far off.
Now the elements are put in rows by increasing
ATOMIC NUMBER!!
It is also separated by metals, metalloids, and non-metals.
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METALS are on the
LEFT (GREEN)
NON-METALS are on
the RIGHT (YELLOW)
METALLOIDS are in
between , along the
staircase (BLUE)
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Grouping elements together according to their properties helps predict how they might react!
METALS NON-METALS METALLOIDS
Lustre
Malleability
Ductility
Conductivity
State
Density
Reactivity
list the properties for each group of elements below.
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The Periods...Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right. When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
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Periods = Rows
In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in the same row.
All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals.
Every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that.
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Families on the Periodic Table
Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into families (vertical columns) based on their similar chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.
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On your Periodic Table…
Color each family a specific color (you may choose which colors to use, but don’t use the same one twice!)
Lightly shade in the corresponding family box from your notes with the same color that you used for that family on your table. This will serve as your key.
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ALKALI METALSGroup 1
Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal
1 electron in the outer shell
Soft metals; soft enough to cut with a butter knife
Very reactive, can explode when they are exposed to water
Conduct electricity
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ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Group 2
o2 electrons in the outer shell
oReactive, but less than Alkali metals
oConduct electricity
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TRANSITION METALS
Groups 3-12
oGood conductors of heat and electricity.
oSome are used for jewelry.
oThe transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
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BORON FAMILY
Group 13
o3 electrons in the outer shell
oMost are metals
oBoron is a metalloid
oAluminum metal was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
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CARBON FAMILY
Group 14
o4 electrons in the outer shell
oContains elements important to life and computers.
oCarbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry.
oSilicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
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NITROGEN FAMILY
Group 15
o5 electrons in the outer shell
oNitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.
oNitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things.
oThe red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.
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OXYGEN FAMILY
Group 16
o6 electrons in the outer shell
oReactive
oOxygen is necessary for respiration.
oMany things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
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Halogens
Group 17
o7 electrons in the outer shell
oAll are non-metals
oVery reactive, are often bonded with elements from Group 1
oUsed as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
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Noble Gases
Group 18
oExist as gases
oNon-metals
oNot reactive with other elements because outer shell is full
oUsed in lighted “neon” signs.
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Rare Earth Metals
oThe rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
oConduct electricity
oFound in the earth
oSome are radioactive