colorado energy summit denver, co october 14, 2011
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Carbon Emissions Reduction Research The Colorado School of Mines Portfolio. Colorado Energy Summit Denver, CO October 14, 2011 Dag Nummedal, Director Colorado Energy Research Institute Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado. CERI. Changing Landscape for CO 2. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Colorado Energy Summit
Denver, COOctober 14, 2011
Dag Nummedal, DirectorColorado Energy Research Institute
Colorado School of MinesGolden, Colorado
Carbon Emissions Reduction ResearchThe Colorado School of Mines Portfolio
CERI
Changing Landscape for CO2
• “Official” DOE terminology: CCUS• Fuel shift to gas – capture and storage from gas plants • Australian parliament lower house passed carbon tax
legislation on Oct. 12th
• UN’s COP meeting in Durban in December, 2011, may approve carbon credits for CO2 use for EOR in “Annex 2 countries”
Current CO2 uses Megatons/yr
Enhanced Oil Recovery 50Urea (captive use) 120Food Industry (liquid) 8.5Beverage Carbonation 8Inorganic Carbonate/bicarbonate 8Oil and Gas Industry non-EOR 3Other Liquid Uses <1Miscellaneous <1
More about CO2 Utilization
DOE/NETL work in progress
• Geological storage (CSM): MMV techs – seismic imaging, risk analysis, gas seepage detection, geomechanics, reservoir simulation, P&P changes with injection, geomicrobiology.
• CO2 capture (CU-Boulder and CSM)• Terrestrial (capture/storage) (CSU): soil sequestration, decision support
tools (at CSU). Regulatory, legal (e.g.who owns pore space?), greenhouse gas accounting systems (at CU-B).
• Life-cycle analysis of emissions (NREL)
Colorado Carbon Management Centerwww.carbonmangementcenter.org
Research Portfolio is Aligned with NAS Report June 2008: “The Need to Know”
What happens to CO2 in the subsurface and how do we know?
Can we monitor CO2 once it is injected?
What techniques are available to monitor whether CO2 is leaking?
Is it possible to predict the long-term storage of CO2 in reservoirs?
1. Use less• Energy Efficiency (smarter grids, better controls, advanced fuel cells) better
transmisson and conversion – regardless of generating source
2. Reduce emissions from fossil energy• Fuel shift to lighter HC molecules (unconventional natural gas instead of coal.
Unconventional gas includes: tight gas, hydrates and shale gas research. • Carbon capture and storage
3. Fundamental research to increase penetration of renewable energy resources
• Solar energy, mostly PV – three decades of experience• Biofuels – algae and cellulosic biomass• Geothermal – using CSM’s great geoscience experience• Wind energy
4. Reactivated our nuclear energy degree program (fuel cycle focus)
5. Energy water nexus – environmental issues
Energy Research Portfolio at CSMA total of 35 University centers
“State” Energy CentersColorado Center for Biorefining and Biofuels (C2B2)
Collaborative Research and Education in Wind (CREW)
Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion (CRSP)
Solar Technology Acceleration Consortium (STAC)
Center for Energy Efficiency and Management (CEEM)
Center for Carbon Management (CMC)
Alliance for Sustainable EnergyA National Partnership
Aug. 1, 08 - DOE Selects ASE (Alliance for Sustainable Energy) to Manage and Operate its National Renewable Energy Laboratory
ASE is a limited liability company consisting of Battelle Memorial Institute and Midwest Research Institute as NREL contract holder, and five partner universities on the board
International CCS Collaboration
CSM CCS faculty have strong links withNorway (UiB, UiO, NTNU, Gassnova, Statoil
Canada (CMC, Regina)
Japan (U Kyoto)
China (Beijing U, CU Petroleum, CU Geosciences)
Britain (Imperial)
Sweden (Uppsala)
India (DGH - New Delhi; Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute, Oil India Ltd.)
Carbon sequestration proposal in review (NETL), between CSM and SUCCESS (Nøttvedt, Ågård), CO2CRC (Peter Cook), Curtin University (Mark Woffenden) and Kyoto U.
Extra Slides
• Technical project highlights
Migration of CO2 from Horizontal Injectors at Weyburn Field, Canada (time-lapse 2002-
2000)
Edge of salt
dissolution
RMS Amplitude % Difference, 2000-2002
Tom Davis, 2002Fingering
12
Time-Lapse AI Difference : Decrease in AI
Reservoir Characterization Project Phase XII
Monitor – baselineDec 2008 – March 2008
WAG injectors
water injectors
producers
2.5 mile
% d
iffer
ence
in A
cous
tic Im
peda
nce
-7.5
-5.0
-2.5
-1.7
1.7
2.5
5.0
7.511-4 10-311-210-2
Potential drilling location
Alana Robinson
Tom Davis, 2010
PROJECT OBJECTIVE - To characterize and quantify the hydro-thermo- mechanical (HTM) response of rock fractures in CO2 storage reservoirs through experimental and numerical studies.
PROJECT TASKSTasks - Laboratory and numerical modeling studies of non-isothermal and multiphase fluid flow and transport in fractured porous rocks.
Schematic of CO2 storage in reservoirs showing the effects of conductive and healed fractures on
the migration of CO2.
Cap rock
GGeeoommeecchhaanniiccaall pprroocceesssseess
GGeeoocchheemmiiccaall pprroocceesssseess
Aquifer
CO2 plume Healed
fractures
Fracture Geomechanics
Marte Gutierrez
Bacterial lipids reflect isotopic signature of carbon source
O
O
13C CH3
CO2(injected)Fossil organic
carbonDissolved organic
carbon
Subsurface
BacteriaBacterial lipids reflect
biotransformation of subsurface carbon
Kevin Mandernack
• Convective mixing is an instability
1. CO2 plume will migrate to abovethe brine due to buoyancy
2. Dissolved CO2 increases thedensity of brine below
3. The heavier brine sinks into thelighter brine below, generatinga convection
4. Convection enhancesmixing and solubilitytrapping
Convective Mixing
Kneafsey & Pruess, 2010 (Simulation & Experiment)
(Adapted from data provided by CMG)
Yu-Shu Wu + LBL Colleagues
Porosity and Permeability of Shales after Carbon Porosity and Permeability of Shales after Carbon Sequestration: A nanoscale approachSequestration: A nanoscale approach
Illite-smectite clay (bar is 10 micrometers long)
USGS Fact Sheet FS-020-97
High-resolution imaging -TEM
Scattering observed in small angle neutron scattering
Aim is to quantify changes in pore networks in mudstones at submicron scales after reaction with brine and supercritical CO2 using high resolution imaging, small angle neutron scattering, and laboratory small-scale experiments
Katherine Mouzakis, Alexis Sitchler, Katherine Mouzakis, Alexis Sitchler, John McCrayJohn McCray
- Numerical simulations of CO2 injection into dolomitic Weyburn reservoir with multiphase reactive transport model PFLOTRAN- Assess gas & brine leakage and metal mobilization through the caprock and intermediate zone (IZ).-Plans to add mixed gases (Sox, CO2)
-Cantucci, B., Montegrossi, G., Vaselli, O., Tassi, F., Quattrocchi, F., Perkins, E.H.,: Geochemical Modeling of CO2 storage in deep reserviors: The Weyburn Project (Canada) case study. Chem. Geology. 265, 181-197 (2009)- http://www.co2crc.com.au/imagelibrary3/storage.php
Simulating COSimulating CO22 Leakage and Metal Mobilization Through Cap Rocks Leakage and Metal Mobilization Through Cap Rocks
Hanna Menke, Alexis Sitchler, Hanna Menke, Alexis Sitchler, Reed Maxwell, Peter Lichtner,Reed Maxwell, Peter Lichtner, John McCrayJohn McCray
Carbon Sequestration and Risk to Drinking
Water Aquifers
John McCray, Alexis Sitchler, John Kaszuba, Reed Maxwell
Questions from Jim Spiers• The President’s Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage states: “The lack of
comprehensive climate change legislation is the key barrier to CCS deployment. • Introductions:• Dr. Dag Nummedal, overview role, with introduction of the Colorado Energy Research Institute at
Colorado School of Mines, what is the state of carbon regulation or lack thereof in the United States and what are the prospects;
• See notes at opening of Boulder meeting. Use some slides of CSM and CMC. • 1. Assuming the legislative log jam is solved or carbon mitigation becomes a front burner
topic, what are the prospects of the current approach to CCS being a significant part of the solution? Dag
• 2. If we do have viable terrestrial sequestration sites, what are the prospects of federal or state solutions to the liability and long-term storage issues? Dag, federal/Chris, state
• 3. Wow, even if the carbon regulation is hazy, there doesn’t appear to be any great solution out there. What are the current solutions and what are their prospects, such as EOR? Dag and Chris
• 4. If we get breakthroughs in research, what will it take to grow it to utility scale? Dag and Bruce
• 5. The paper in press for Willey journal•