Colonial Empires and Colonial Empires and the American the American RevolutionRevolution

Colonialism spreads…Colonialism spreads…

What is colonialism? What is colonialism?

See overheads

The 16The 16thth Century Century

European countries establish European countries establish colonies all over the worldcolonies all over the world– Spread their culture, and in some Spread their culture, and in some

countries, their ethnicitycountries, their ethnicity

Colonial Empires in Colonial Empires in Latin AmericaLatin America Portugal and Spain both dominate large Portugal and Spain both dominate large

territories of Latin Americaterritories of Latin America– Latin America is a multi-racial societyLatin America is a multi-racial society– Spanish rulers allow intermarriage between Spanish rulers allow intermarriage between

native people and Europeansnative people and Europeans Mestizos: Offspring of Spanish/Europeans and Mestizos: Offspring of Spanish/Europeans and

Native AmericansNative Americans

– Slaves brought to work for Spanish and Slaves brought to work for Spanish and Portugese in Latin AmericaPortugese in Latin America

Mulattoes: The offspring of Africans and Mulattoes: The offspring of Africans and EuropeansEuropeans

How to make $$$ in How to make $$$ in Latin AmericaLatin America

Abundant supplies of gold and silverAbundant supplies of gold and silver Farming/AgricultureFarming/Agriculture

– Large landowners have huge estates Large landowners have huge estates which Native Americans work on which Native Americans work on

TradeTrade– Sugar, tobacco, diamonds, animal Sugar, tobacco, diamonds, animal

hideshides– Trade is closely regulated by Spain and Trade is closely regulated by Spain and

Portugal. Why? Portugal. Why?

RELIGIONRELIGION Want to Christianize Native Want to Christianize Native

AmericansAmericans Role of Catholic ChurchRole of Catholic Church

Britain and British Britain and British North AmericaNorth America What happens during the Seven What happens during the Seven

Year’s War?Year’s War?– Britain adds India and Canada to its Britain adds India and Canada to its

already expansive empirealready expansive empire– British colonies are highly profitableBritish colonies are highly profitable

Many colonists don’t want to share their Many colonists don’t want to share their power or their money with their British power or their money with their British colonizers colonizers

What does this lead to? What does this lead to?

The American The American RevolutionRevolution

British want to collect revenue British want to collect revenue from their colonies to pay for the from their colonies to pay for the Seven Year’s WarSeven Year’s War– Stamp Act: Parliament imposes this Stamp Act: Parliament imposes this

act on the colonies, which requires act on the colonies, which requires that certain printed materials carry a that certain printed materials carry a stamp showing that a tax has been stamp showing that a tax has been paid to Britainpaid to Britain

– Eventually repealed because of Eventually repealed because of colonist opposition, but the seed is colonist opposition, but the seed is planted for Revolutionplanted for Revolution

September 1774: Congress sets up September 1774: Congress sets up First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress– Urge revolt against BritishUrge revolt against British

April 1775: Fighting between British April 1775: Fighting between British and colonists eruptsand colonists erupts

July 4, 1776: Declaration of July 4, 1776: Declaration of Independence is approved Independence is approved – Based upon the ideals of who?Based upon the ideals of who?

The American The American RevolutionRevolution United States gets much support from United States gets much support from

France and other foreign nationsFrance and other foreign nations Britain forced to surrender at Yorktown Britain forced to surrender at Yorktown

to General George Washington in to General George Washington in 1781--- British accept defeat1781--- British accept defeat

After the War: The After the War: The United States is BornUnited States is Born Americans created a new social Americans created a new social

contract in 1788.contract in 1788.– What is a social contract?What is a social contract?

The creation of the Constitution The creation of the Constitution made made Enlightenment Enlightenment conceptsconcepts of liberty and of liberty and representative government a representative government a reality for the first timereality for the first time

The Constitution and The Constitution and the Bill of Rightsthe Bill of Rights

The ConstitutionThe Constitution Used the Used the

Enlightenment Enlightenment concepts of concepts of separation of separation of powerspowers– What are these?What are these?– Who thought Who thought

these up? these up?

The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights 10 amendments 10 amendments

guaranteeing guaranteeing certain natural certain natural rights to all rights to all AmericansAmericans

Where did Where did natural rights natural rights come from?come from?

The American The American RevolutionRevolution

-Seen as the embodiments of Seen as the embodiments of the Enlightenment’s political the Enlightenment’s political dreams dreams -France takes notice…France takes notice…