Colonial Changes:Colonial Changes:

Economy and GovernmentEconomy and Government

The New Colonial The New Colonial GovernmentGovernment Early stage: Shaking the Early stage: Shaking the

Pagoda TreePagoda Tree Bengal Famine of 1770Bengal Famine of 1770 Lord North’s Regulating Act for Lord North’s Regulating Act for

India in 1773 India in 1773 Governor General and CouncilGovernor General and Council Supreme CourtSupreme Court Pitt’s India Act of 1786Pitt’s India Act of 1786 Board of ControlBoard of Control Co-ordination Between Co-ordination Between

Company and The GovernmentCompany and The Government Permanent Judicial ServicesPermanent Judicial Services Appointment of Lord CornwallisAppointment of Lord Cornwallis Fort William CollegeFort William College Haileybury CollegeHaileybury College

Land Revenue Land Revenue Settlements: Permanent Settlements: Permanent Settlement of 1793Settlement of 1793

The Introduction of The Introduction of Permanent Settlement Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793in Bengal in 1793

Features of Permanent Features of Permanent SettlementSettlement

Revenue Fixed in Revenue Fixed in perpetuityperpetuity

Creation of a Class of Creation of a Class of Land Lords Land Lords

Complete oversight of Complete oversight of the rights of peasantsthe rights of peasants

Ryotwari and Ryotwari and Mahalwari SettlementMahalwari Settlement Direct Settlements Direct Settlements

with Peasant with Peasant ProprietorsProprietors

Periodic Increase in Periodic Increase in Revenue through Revenue through Survey and Survey and SettlementSettlement

Village Headman Village Headman and Peasant and Peasant ProprietorsProprietors

Consequences for Consequences for PeasantryPeasantry Land Scarcity and increase in Land Scarcity and increase in

land pricesland prices New Hierarchical Society in New Hierarchical Society in

Rural IndiaRural India Deforestation and Deforestation and

Environmental CostEnvironmental Cost Systematic Deprivation of Systematic Deprivation of

Land of Adivasi PopulationLand of Adivasi Population Indian Taxes becoming the Indian Taxes becoming the

source of revenue to meet source of revenue to meet global trade deficit of Englandglobal trade deficit of England

New Economic New Economic ChangesChangesCharter Act of 1813Charter Act of 1813

Decline in the Artisanal Decline in the Artisanal IndustryIndustry

India becoming the India becoming the Market of the BritishMarket of the British

Cotton Textile ProductsCotton Textile Products

Introduction of Cash Introduction of Cash CropsCrops

Indigo, Opium Indigo, Opium Monopoly, and China Monopoly, and China TeaTea

New Property RegimesNew Property Regimes

Rural Propertied Classes Rural Propertied Classes Enjoyed New Access to Power Enjoyed New Access to Power

Restriction on the Mobility of Restriction on the Mobility of Peasant ProducersPeasant Producers

Decline of Indian Banking Decline of Indian Banking IndustryIndustry

End of the Era of Indian End of the Era of Indian Merchants and Portfolio Merchants and Portfolio CapitalistsCapitalists

Decline of the Bargaining Decline of the Bargaining Power of WeaversPower of Weavers

Intermediary Capitalists Intermediary Capitalists gaining Profitsgaining Profits

Absence of Moral and Cultural Absence of Moral and Cultural Restraints on Exploitation Restraints on Exploitation