COLONIAL AMERICA

Goal: SS.8.A.2.4Identify the impact of key colonial figures on the economic, political, and social development of the colonies.

Vocabulary: • charter• joint-stock company• headright• burgess

Roanoke and Jamestown

England set out to colonize North America in the late 1500s. Sir Walter Raleigh twice sent settlers to Roanoke Island off the coast of what is now North Carolina. John White led the second group.

White returned to England for supplies. By the time he arrived back to Roanoke, the colonists had disappeared.

No one knows for sure, but lack of food, severe weather, or disease may have destroyed the colony.

England’s next attempt at establishing a colony was at Jamestown in Virginia. Jamestown was settled in 1607.

Jamestown’s leader was Captain John Smith.He forced settlers to work. He built ties with the Powhatan people and their leader, also named Powhatan. Jamestown thrived when it began growing tobacco.

Many more English settlers came to Virginia. The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first legislature in North America elected by the people.

The Mystery of Roanoke Use your textbook to decide if a statement is true or false. If a statement is false, rewrite it to make it true. 1. The great powers of Europe were all interested in the opportunities available in North America.

2. In the late 1500s, Spanish pirates such as Sir Francis Drake had success stealing English treasure.

3. Sir Walter Raleigh sent scouts to North America to find a good place for a colony.

4. Roanoke Island lies off the coast of what is now South Carolina.

5. In 1587, Raleigh sent a second group of colonists made up of 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children to Roanoke.

6. White thought perhaps the Roanoke colonists had gone to Croatoan Island, about 50 miles (80 km) south of Roanoke.

7. White investigated and found the Roanoke colonists on Croatoan Island.

Success at Jamestown

8. Where was Jamestown located?

9. What year was Jamestown founded?

10. What company held the charter for Jamestown?

11. How many settlers were in Jamestown?

12. Who forced settlers to work?

13. What was the name of local Native Americans?

14. What was the winter of 1609–10 called?

15. What crop made the colony successful?

16. Who married John Rolfe?

17. What was a lure for settlers?

18. What was the first legislature in North America elected by people?

19. Why did Virginia become a royal colony in 1624?

Answer Key

The New England Colonies

Goal: SS.8.A.2.7Describe the contributions of key groups (Africans, Native Americans, women, and children) to the society and culture of colonial America.

Vocabulary: • dissent• persecute• tolerance

The search for religious freedom played a large role in England’s colonization of North America. Unhappy with the Anglican Church, many English people became Puritans who wanted to reform it. Others became Separatists and chose to leave it.

One group of Separatists, called the Pilgrims, fled to the Netherlands. Unhappy there, they sailed on the Mayflower and arrived at Cape Cod Bay in 1620. They signed the Mayflower Compact to set up a government. Native Americans Squanto and Samoset helped the Pilgrims survive.

In 1630, Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay colony. During the 1630s, more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times in England. This movement is called the Great Migration.

The Puritans in Massachusetts did not tolerate dissent, so minister Thomas Hooker led dissenters from Massachusetts and founded Connecticut. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first written constitution in America.

Roger Williams led his followers from Massachusetts and founded the colony of Rhode Island, which was the first place in America that allowed all faiths to worship freely. John Wheelwright led dissenters out of Massachusetts and founded Exeter colony in what became New Hampshire.

Seeking Religious Freedom

fill in the blanks with the words in the box.

Pilgrims Mayflower Netherlands Protestant dissented Compact persecuted Puritans Massachusetts Mayflower Jamestown Plymouth Catholic Squanto Samoset Virginia Separatists England Wampanoag Anglican

1. The Jamestown settlers came to America for wealth. The next set of English colonists came searching for religious freedom. England became a _______________ country in 1534. 2. Many people _______________ or disagreed with the beliefs and practices of the Anglicans. 3. Because of this they were _______________. 4. Those who wanted to reform the Anglican Church were called _______________. 5. Those who wanted to leave and set up their own churches were called _______________. 6. A group of people called _______________ came to settle in America. 7. They received grants from the Virginia Company and sailed for Virginia on the _______________. 8. Instead of Virginia, they sighted land first in Cape Cod, far north of their target, and then went ashore at a place called _______________. 9. When the Pilgrims landed, they knew they needed to keep order. The _______________was a formal document that set up a government.

10. The people of Plymouth governed themselves, and became part of the colony called _______________. 11. During their first winter, half of the Pilgrims died. _______________ and _______________ befriended them in the spring, teaching them how to grow crops, hunt, and fish. (When answering online, separate your answers with a comma and one space.) 12. The two Native Americans helped the Pilgrims make peace with the _______________ who were in the area.

New Colonies Fill in facts about each colony.

13. Massachusetts—Founder: _________________________________ 14. Massachusetts—Cities: ___________________________________ 15. Massachusetts—Fact 1: _________________________________________ 16. Massachusetts—Fact 2: _________________________________________

17. Connecticut—Founder: __________________________________________ 18. Connecticut—City: ______________________________________________ 19. Connecticut—Fact 1: ____________________________________________ 20. Connecticut—Fact 2: ____________________________________________

21. Rhode Island—Founder: _________________________________________ 22. Rhode Island—City: ___________________________________________ 23. Rhode Island—Fact 1: _________________________________________ 24. Rhode Island—Fact 2: _________________________________________

25. New Hampshire—Founder: _____________________________________ 26. New Hampshire—City: __________________________________________ 27. New Hampshire—Fact 1: ________________________________________ 28. New Hampshire—Fact 2: ________________________________________

29. Write three sentences that describe the relationship between the Native Americans and the colonists of New England.

30. Identify one characteristic that all of the New England colonies shared.

Answer key

Homework

Many religious settlers saw North America as a haven from persecution and other problems they encountered in the places of their birth. Upon moving to the continent, they began to shape its development in ways that were motivated by their beliefs. Discuss the New England Puritans' attempts to create a model society, the effect of religious movements on the social landscape and the effect of the Enlightenment on the popularity and intensity of religious belief.(Cite at least one primary source)

The Middle Colonies

Goal: SS.8.A.2.2Compare the characteristics of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.

Vocabulary: • patroon• pacifists

The Middle Colonies were located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies. The area was first controlled by the Dutch and called New Netherland. The most important settlement was New Amsterdam, a seaport at the mouth of the Hudson River.

The Dutch West India Company settled New Netherland by granting land to people who could bring at least 50 settlers to work the land. These powerful landowners were called patroons.

The English wanted New Netherland. They sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. The governor of the colony, Peter Stuyvesant, surrendered to the English. New Netherland became New York. Part of New York became New Jersey.

The Quakers, led by William Penn, founded Pennsylvania. Penn ran the colony according to Quaker ideals and had friendly relationships with Native Americans. Penn designed the city of Philadelphia. Delaware was formed from the southern part of Pennsylvania.

New York and New Jersey Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.

England and the Colonies1. By _______________ England had two clusters of colonies. 2. The _______________ Colonies were in the north. 3. _______________ and _______________ were in the south. 4. Between the two groups were lands controlled by the _______________.

5. The _______________ wanted to increase the number of settlers. 6. It offered _______________ to people who could bring new colonists. 7. The people who accepted this offer were called _______________.

New York8. _______________ had an excellent harbor and thriving trade. 9. The _______________ wanted to acquire this colony. 10. A fleet was sent and the governor, _______________, surrendered the colony. 11. King Charles gave the new colony to his brother, the _______________. 12. It was renamed _______________ and became a _______________, or a colony where the owner has control of the government.

13. New York prospered and had a _______________ population. 14. In 1664, the colony had about _______________ inhabitants. 15. By 1683 the population had grown to about _______________ people.

New Jersey16. The Duke of York gave the southern part of his colony to _______________ and _______________. 17. To attract settlers, they offered _______________. 18. They also offered trial by jury and a _______________ assembly. 19. New Jersey was a place of _______________ and religious diversity. 20. By 1702 this colony was returned to the king as a _______________ colony.

Pennsylvania and Delaware 21. For what group was the colony of Pennsylvania founded?

22. Who received the land of Pennsylvania as payment for the debt owed by the king to his father?

23. Why was Pennsylvania called a “holy experiment”?

24. How was treatment of Native Americans different in Pennsylvania?

25. List the groups of settlers who came to Pennsylvania.

26. What was The Charter of Privileges?

27. How and why was the colony of Delaware formed?

Answer key

The Southern Colonies

Goal: SS.8.A.2.3Differentiate economic systems of New England, Middle and Southern colonies including indentured servants and slaves as labor sources.

Vocabulary:• indentured servant• constitution• debtor

Virginia began with Jamestown. As the colony grew, it relied on slaves and indentured servants for labor. Indentured servants agreed to work for someone for several years in exchange for their passage to America.

On what crop did the settlers of Jamestown, and then all of Virginia, come to rely?

tobacco

Why did the growing of tobacco lead to the start of the slave trade?

Tobacco took a lot of labor to plant, grow, and harvest. Farmers relied on enslaved labor to harvest the crop

Maryland was founded by Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, and his son as a place for Catholics to worship freely. There was tension between Maryland and Pennsylvania. The border was finally determined by the Mason-Dixon line.

In Virginia there was also conflict. Nathaniel Bacon and other farmers wanted to move west into Native American lands. The Virginia government opposed this move. In 1676, Bacon led a rebellion against the government, which failed.

The Carolina colony was chartered in 1663. John Locke wrote the constitution, or plan of government, for the colony. The colony split into North Carolina and South Carolina.

Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe as a place where debtors could get a fresh start and to block Spanish expansion up from Florida.

Click!

Virginia and Maryland

1. What was the original name of the first successful English colony in North America? After that colony grew and became more prosperous, what was its name?

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Complete the paragraph.

6. The colony of Maryland was the dream of ________________. 7. He wanted a place where ________________ could practice their religion freely. 8. His son gave large areas of land called ________________ to English aristocrats. The colony used both enslaved Africans and indentured servants for workers. 9. What was the Mason-Dixon line? 10. What was the cause of Bacon’s Rebellion?

The Carolinas and Georgia 11. Reporting Briefly tell how the Carolina colony came to be.

12. Identifying Who wrote the Carolina constitution?

Complete the table below.

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Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

17. Georgia was the _______________ British colony founded in America. 18. _______________ received a charter and the colony was set up for _______________, or people who could not repay their debts. 19. British officials thought that Georgia would be able to protect the other colonies from their enemy, _______________. 20. Settlers built forts and the town of _______________ as a barrier against expansion. 21. The colony did not develop as planned. Very few people who owed debts came. Mostly, it was poor people and _______________ refugees. 22. Most settlers complained about the rules in the colony, especially the limits on _______________ and the bans on slave labor and _______________. 23. Georgia was turned back over to _______________ in 1751.