collaboration in emergency management
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Collaboration In Emergency Management. Session Learning Objectives. Explain the meaning of “collaboration” in the EM context. Explain the unique importance of collaboration as a principle of EM. Describe the “hallmarks” of a truly collaborative approach to EM. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Collaboration In Emergency Collaboration In Emergency ManagementManagement
Session Learning ObjectivesSession Learning ObjectivesExplain the meaning of “collaboration” in Explain the meaning of “collaboration” in
the EM context.the EM context.Explain the unique importance of Explain the unique importance of
collaboration as a principle of EM.collaboration as a principle of EM.Describe the “hallmarks” of a truly Describe the “hallmarks” of a truly
collaborative approach to EM.collaborative approach to EM.Analyze and evaluate collaboration as Analyze and evaluate collaboration as
shown in case studies.shown in case studies.
Collaboration: A bit about Collaboration: A bit about DefinitionsDefinitions
Difference between collaboration and Difference between collaboration and coordinationcoordinationCoordination: a process designed to ensure Coordination: a process designed to ensure
that functions, roles and responsibilities are that functions, roles and responsibilities are identified and tasks accomplishedidentified and tasks accomplished
Collaboration: an attitude/organizational culture Collaboration: an attitude/organizational culture that defines the degree of unity and cooperation that defines the degree of unity and cooperation that exists that exists
I.e., collaboration ensures effective coordinationI.e., collaboration ensures effective coordination
““Sticky note exercise:Sticky note exercise:
Step 1: on a “sticky” note, write a two-word Step 1: on a “sticky” note, write a two-word definition or synonym for “collaboration”.definition or synonym for “collaboration”.
Step 2: post your note along with those of Step 2: post your note along with those of your classmates in front of the class.your classmates in front of the class.
Step 3: as a class, group like responses Step 3: as a class, group like responses together.together.
Step 4: work together as a class to agree Step 4: work together as a class to agree upon a single definition.upon a single definition.
Collaboration: DefinitionCollaboration: Definition “ “ A recursive process where two or more A recursive process where two or more
people or organizations work together people or organizations work together toward an intersection of common goals toward an intersection of common goals that is creative in nature – by sharing that is creative in nature – by sharing knowledge, learning and building knowledge, learning and building consensus. “consensus. “
Nature of CollaborationNature of CollaborationPhilosophy of planning and decision Philosophy of planning and decision
making based on:making based on:Strong emphasis on attitudes and personal Strong emphasis on attitudes and personal
interactioninteraction Informal, consensus building processInformal, consensus building process
It’s more than just “working together”It’s more than just “working together”
Nature of Collaboration (cont.)Nature of Collaboration (cont.)Does not require leadershipDoes not require leadershipAchieves results through decentralization Achieves results through decentralization
and egalitarianismand egalitarianismEncourages introspection of behavior and Encourages introspection of behavior and
communicationcommunicationAims to increase success of teams in Aims to increase success of teams in
solving problemssolving problems
Nature of Collaboration (cont.)Nature of Collaboration (cont.)Philosophical departure from “top-down” Philosophical departure from “top-down”
command and control structurecommand and control structureValues personal relationships, trust and Values personal relationships, trust and
team buildingteam buildingBeing fostered by the “internet” culture of Being fostered by the “internet” culture of
social networking and wide distribution of social networking and wide distribution of knowledge and opinions aided by knowledge and opinions aided by technologytechnology
Discussion QuestionsDiscussion QuestionsHow were our initial (sticky note) How were our initial (sticky note)
definition(s) similar to or different from the definition(s) similar to or different from the concepts just discussed? Why?concepts just discussed? Why?
How do you feel about the use of the term How do you feel about the use of the term “decentralization” in the definition? Why “decentralization” in the definition? Why might this be important in writing a disaster might this be important in writing a disaster plan or dealing with an actual disaster?plan or dealing with an actual disaster?
Discussion Questions (cont.)Discussion Questions (cont.)What do you think is meant by the term What do you think is meant by the term
“egalitarian” and the statement that “egalitarian” and the statement that collaboration does not require collaboration does not require “leadership”? “leadership”?
How do you think these concepts might How do you think these concepts might improve or detract from the planning and improve or detract from the planning and decision-informing process?decision-informing process?
The Importance of CollaborationThe Importance of CollaborationRepresents the most “human” aspect of Represents the most “human” aspect of
successful EMsuccessful EM
Importance is magnified by the general Importance is magnified by the general lack of formal “authority” inherent in EMlack of formal “authority” inherent in EM
EM results are achieved through EM results are achieved through interpersonal and facilitation skillsinterpersonal and facilitation skills
““EMs are normally EMs are normally frustrated because they are frustrated because they are
typically “type A” typically “type A” personalities with no personalities with no
authority!”authority!”
““The job of the EM is to tell The job of the EM is to tell people things they don’t people things they don’t
want to hear, spend money want to hear, spend money they don’t have, preparing they don’t have, preparing for something they don’t for something they don’t
believe will ever happen!”believe will ever happen!”
The Importance of CollaborationThe Importance of CollaborationPlans must be based on consensus and Plans must be based on consensus and
“buy-in”“buy-in”
Collaboration is built during the planning Collaboration is built during the planning and preparedness phase of EMand preparedness phase of EM
Can be seen in the difference between Can be seen in the difference between having a “plan” and engaging in “planning”having a “plan” and engaging in “planning”
““In preparing for battle, I In preparing for battle, I have always found that have always found that plans are useless, but plans are useless, but
planning is indispensable”planning is indispensable” Gen. Dwight D. EisenhowerGen. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Importance of CollaborationImportance of CollaborationEnhances Enhances understandingunderstanding and and commitmentcommitment
to the plan rather than mere acceptanceto the plan rather than mere acceptanceCollaboration more important as size & Collaboration more important as size &
complexity of the event increasescomplexity of the event increasesCollaboration is how conflicts and Collaboration is how conflicts and
ambiguities are avoidedambiguities are avoidedCollaboration is necessary in all phases of Collaboration is necessary in all phases of
EM, not just preparedness and responseEM, not just preparedness and response
““If we shake hands before a If we shake hands before a disaster, we won’t have to disaster, we won’t have to point fingers afterwards”point fingers afterwards”
“You don’t want to meet “You don’t want to meet some one for the first time some one for the first time
while you’re standing while you’re standing around in the rubble”around in the rubble”
Elements of Effective CollaborationElements of Effective Collaboration
Inclusion of all potential players in Inclusion of all potential players in planning and preparednessplanning and preparedness
Consistent contact necessary to make the Consistent contact necessary to make the system work in a disastersystem work in a disaster
Sincerity in efforts to listen to all players Sincerity in efforts to listen to all players and incorporate their concerns and ideasand incorporate their concerns and ideas
Element of “Inclusion”Element of “Inclusion”Related to the basic POEM principle of Related to the basic POEM principle of
“comprehensive” from Session 3“comprehensive” from Session 3EMs must define the “universe” of EMs must define the “universe” of
stakeholders as broadly as possiblestakeholders as broadly as possibleEMs should look at those EMs should look at those affectedaffected by as by as
well as those who well as those who respondrespond to disasters to disasters Issues of social and economic “inequity” Issues of social and economic “inequity”
are consideredare considered
The Element of “Consistency”The Element of “Consistency”Required to maintain and sustain strong Required to maintain and sustain strong
trust and team relationshipstrust and team relationshipsMust take into account changes in Must take into account changes in
personnel, policies and cultures of personnel, policies and cultures of involved organizationinvolved organization
U.S. Forest Service PhilosophyU.S. Forest Service PhilosophyRelationships: mutual recognition and Relationships: mutual recognition and
respectrespectThe process must treat all participants The process must treat all participants
fairly and consistentlyfairly and consistentlyDecisions must be solutions that can be Decisions must be solutions that can be
implemented, satisfy the interest of all, and implemented, satisfy the interest of all, and can be corrected and modified in the can be corrected and modified in the future future
The Element of Sincerity The Element of Sincerity Collaboration depend on the degree to Collaboration depend on the degree to
which partners perceive there is a sincere which partners perceive there is a sincere desire to identify and value their ideas and desire to identify and value their ideas and concernsconcerns
Requires a genuine commitment to Requires a genuine commitment to working as a “team”working as a “team”
““Lip service” or going through the motions Lip service” or going through the motions doesn’t produce true collaborationdoesn’t produce true collaboration
Case Studies in CollaborationCase Studies in Collaboration ““The Battle of the Badges” The Battle of the Badges” – How culture – How culture
and tradition can challenge collaborationand tradition can challenge collaboration ““Building Partnerships Outside-In Building Partnerships Outside-In – How – How
even non-traditional organizations can even non-traditional organizations can build collaborative EM processesbuild collaborative EM processes
““State College, PA” – How a community State College, PA” – How a community can build a culture of collaborationcan build a culture of collaboration
Case Study #1: DiscussionCase Study #1: Discussion To what degree do the deep-seated and To what degree do the deep-seated and
traditional cultures of the two response traditional cultures of the two response groups complicate the process of effective groups complicate the process of effective collaboration?collaboration?
How compatible do you think Mayor How compatible do you think Mayor Giuliani’s command directives were with Giuliani’s command directives were with “collaboration”?“collaboration”?
How effective is simply putting one agency How effective is simply putting one agency “in charge”?“in charge”?
Case Study #1: DiscussionCase Study #1: DiscussionHow effective is simply putting one agency How effective is simply putting one agency
“in charge”?“in charge”? In what ways are the White Plains and In what ways are the White Plains and
Charlotte-Mecklenburg approaches better Charlotte-Mecklenburg approaches better or worse than those of NYC?or worse than those of NYC?
How do you think the approach of Phoenix How do you think the approach of Phoenix parallels what we have discussed in this parallels what we have discussed in this session?session?
Case Study #2: DiscussionCase Study #2: Discussion As compared to Case Study #1, how As compared to Case Study #1, how
important a role do you think “turf” played in important a role do you think “turf” played in this case?this case?
How does the nature of the institution/ How does the nature of the institution/ profession seem to affect the nature of the profession seem to affect the nature of the collaborative approach?collaborative approach?
How would you characterize the interaction How would you characterize the interaction of the museum group with the professional of the museum group with the professional NYC – OEM personnel?NYC – OEM personnel?
Case Study # 3: DiscussionCase Study # 3: Discussion How did each element of the planning How did each element of the planning
process of State College, PA relate to the process of State College, PA relate to the principles of collaboration discussed in this principles of collaboration discussed in this session?session?
What conclusions can we draw about the What conclusions can we draw about the concepts of leadership, equality, facilitation, concepts of leadership, equality, facilitation, sincerity, inclusion and continuous sincerity, inclusion and continuous collaboration as seen in this case?collaboration as seen in this case?