Cold War Relations

Miss Fisk

Political Relations Following War

• United States and Britain took control of West Berlin and West Germany

• Russia took control of East Berlin and East Germany• The city of Berlin was located entirely in the Russian

held East Germany • 3.5 million East German citizens emigrated to West

Berlin and subsequently to West Germany• Negotiations began between Stalin and Truman

about the reconstruction of Berlin and Germany

Political Relation Following War

• United States and Britain wanted to rebuild Berlin and Germany to allow for self-sustainment

• Russia wanted to keep control of Germany and Berlin to keep any profit they might produce-which was very little

• Russia wanted more territory and more communist subjects

Blockade and Relief

• As negotiations broke down Stalin ordered the blockade of the city of Berlin, stopping any supplies from coming into the city- June 1948-May 1945

• Britain and United States began a major effort of relief to the city

• Berlin Airlift- British and U.S. planes flew supplies into the city

Blockade and Relief

• U.S. Air Force and British Royal Air Force flew 200,00 trips during the year of blockade

• Brought 470 tons of supplies: food and fuel• Brought more supplies by air then by the

previous railway method • Demonstrations took place against Stalin and

he lifted the blockade• Cost: $2.9 billion in today’s money

Operation Little Vittles• a goodwill gesture, he handed out his only two sticks of Wrigley's Doublemint Gum, and

promised that, if they did not fight over them, the next time he returned he would drop off more. The children quickly divided up the pieces as best they could. Before he left them, a child asked him how they would know it was him flying over, and he replied, "I'll wiggle my wings."[46]

• The next day, on his approach to Berlin, he rocked the aircraft and dropped some chocolate bars attached to a handkerchief parachute to the children waiting below. Every day after that the number of children increased and he made several more drops. Soon there was a stack of mail in Base Ops addressed to "Uncle Wiggly Wings", "The Chocolate Uncle" and "The Chocolate Flier". His commanding officer was upset when the story appeared in the news, but when Tunner heard about it he approved of the gesture and immediately expanded it into "Operation Little Vittles". Other pilots participated, and when news reached the US, children all over the country sent in their own candy to help out. Soon, the major manufacturers joined in. In the end, over three tons of candy were dropped on Berlin,[46] and the "operation" became a major propaganda success. The candy-dropping aircraft were christened "raisin bombers" by the German children

Relations Crumble

• To officially cut off access to West Berlin, Russian construction workers began building a wall

• Construction of Berlin Wall Began on August 1961

• Wire fence (1961)• Improved wire fence (1962–1965)• Concrete wall (1965–1975)• Grenzmauer 75 (Border Wall 75) (1975–1989)

Beginnings of Cold War

• Warsaw Pact– Political and military alliance between 8

communist countries in Europe– Primarily a defense alliance

• NATO Pact– North Atlantic Treaty Organization– Political and military alliance of non-communist

nations in Europe North America– Primarily a military defense alliance

Domestic and Foreign Policies of U.S.

• Domestic Policies: • 1. McCarthyism• 2. HUAC

– House Un-American Activities Committee

• 3. Loyalty oaths• 4. Blacklists• 5. Bomb shelters

• Foreign Policies: • 1. Korean War• 2. Arms Race• 3. Truman Doctrine• 4. Eisenhower

Doctrine

McCarthyism• Senator Joseph McCarthy did

the most to whip up anticommunism paranoia during the 1950s

• He gave a speech to the press claiming to have a list of 205 communist supporters within the State department

• He continued to report about his list, no on actually saw the list, changing the number of communists each time

McCarthyism in ActionOne state actually required pro-wrestlers to say a loyalty oath before stepping into the ring

The state of Indiana claimed that the book and movie, Robin Hood, of being vaguely communistic: steal from the rich to give to the poor. They forced librarian to pull the book from the shelves

In professional baseball, the Cincinnati Red’s changed their names to the Redlegs

Cincinnati Redlegs primary logo in use from 1954-1959

McCarthy’s Downfall•In the spring of 1954, the tables turned on McCarthy when he charged that the Army had promoted a dentist accused of being a Communist.• For the first time, a television broadcast allowed the public to see the Senator as a blustering bully and his investigations as little more than a witch hunt.• In December 1954, the Senate voted to censure him for his conduct and to strip him of his privileges. • McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism.• The term "McCarthyism" lives on to describe anti-Communist fervor, reckless accusations, and guilt by association