cold war in the making hi 168: lecture 11 dr. howard chiang
TRANSCRIPT
Cold War in the Making
HI 168: Lecture 11Dr. Howard Chiang
OVERVIEW
- Rise of Cold War in East Asia: 1945-46:- Beginnings- Turning Point: Truman’s Decision- In Perspective
- The CCP’s “Lean-to-One-Side Decision”
- Treaty of Peace & Friendship (1950)- Korean War (1950-53)
BEGINNINGS
- Mao’s initial false belief in the Soviet Union (USSR)
- Yalta Conference (agreement between US and USSR) – Feb 1945
- Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance (1945)
- Chiang-Stalin compromise USSR pressured Chinese Communists to enter negotiations with the GMD
Feb 1945, Yalta Conference: W. Churchill, F. D. Roosevelt, & J. Stalin
TURNING POINT
- USSR still supported China’s “cause of progressive democracy”
- American-GMD military actions provoked further anxiety among USSR leaders
- USSR began to break the Sino-Soviet treaty
- Truman’s decision on Dec. 15- USSR responded by assisting the CCP
IN PERSPECTIVE
- 1944-1946: transition in Chinese history
- CCP’s march from Yan’an to the world:- domestic reasons- international reasons – CCP-Moscow vs. GMD-Washington
- China’s political development not only the product of international rivalry, but also helped shape Cold War international relations
LEAN-TO-ONE-SIDE POLICY
- In 1949: CCP and Moscow wanted to strengthen their relationship
- “Division of Labor”: - Moscow: world revolution- China: revolution in the East
- CCP’s anti-American policy:- Moscow influences- reasons internal to Chinese history
TREATY OF PEACE & FRIENDSHIP
- Initially Moscow had serious reservations- Mao dispatched a delegation to Moscow
- headed by Liu Shaoqi in summer 1949- December 16, 1949: Mao met Stalin
- USSR reluctant to return Northeast China- USSR not sure how to evaluate Mao’s status
- January 2, 1950: Mao sent a telegram home- February 14, 1950: Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Assistance signed by Zhou Enlai and Andrei Vyshinsky- USSR lend China US $300 million loan
TREATY OF PEACE & FRIENDSHIP
KOREAN WAR (1950-53)
- 1894-5: China vs. Japan- 1950-3: US vs. USSR
- The 38th Parallel- Syngman Rhee in the South- Kim Il-sung in the North
- Chinese and Korean Communist Parties- close but not without problems- sizeable population of ethnic Koreans in Northeast China
Syngman RheeKim Il-sung
KOREAN WAR (1950-53)
- August 20, 1950: China’s interest in Korea- September 1, 1950: United Nations counter-
offensive in Inchon- Chinese People’s Liberation Army ->
Chinese People’s Volunteer Army (CPV)- “War to Resist America and Aid Korea”- led by Peng Dehuai
- Armistice agreement signed on July 27, 1953
- Mao’s sun died at the age of 28- China was excluded from the United Nations
and the international community for 20 years
Zhou EnlaiPeng Dehuai
KOREAN WAR (1950-53)
KOREAN WAR (1950-53)
Delegates sign the Korean Armistice Agreement in P’anmunjŏm
KOREAN WAR (1950-53)
The Demilitarized Zone compared to the earlier 38th parallel de facto border
Site of negotiations, 1951