Cold War and Cold War and TrumanTruman

APUSHAPUSH

McElhaneyMcElhaney

Essay QuestionEssay Question

““Harry S. Truman was a realistic, Harry S. Truman was a realistic, pragmatic president who skillfully led pragmatic president who skillfully led the American people against the the American people against the menace posed by the Soviet Union.” menace posed by the Soviet Union.”

Assess the validity of this generalization Assess the validity of this generalization for President Truman's foreign policy for President Truman's foreign policy from 1945 to 1953.from 1945 to 1953.

AP OutlineAP Outline

The United States and the Early Cold WarThe United States and the Early Cold War Origins of the Cold War Origins of the Cold War Truman and containment Truman and containment The Cold War in Asia: China, Korea, Vietnam, The Cold War in Asia: China, Korea, Vietnam,

Japan Japan Diplomatic strategies and policies of the Diplomatic strategies and policies of the

Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations The Red Scare and McCarthyism The Red Scare and McCarthyism Impact of the Cold War on American society Impact of the Cold War on American society

OutlineOutline

Containment in Europe and the Middle Containment in Europe and the Middle East East

Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Marshall Plan Berlin crisis Berlin crisis NATO NATO

Revolution in China Revolution in China Limited war: Korea, MacArthur Limited war: Korea, MacArthur

Key TermsKey Terms Teheran ConferenceTeheran Conference Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference Potsdam Potsdam

ConferenceConference ContainmentContainment Iron Curtain, Iron Curtain,

Eastern Bloc, Eastern Bloc, Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact

George KennanGeorge Kennan Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift West Germany/East GermanyWest Germany/East Germany National Security Act, 1947National Security Act, 1947 Central Intelligence AgencyCentral Intelligence Agency North Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic Treaty

Organization, 1949 (NATO)Organization, 1949 (NATO) Japan-Role in Cold WarJapan-Role in Cold War Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang

Jieshi)Jieshi) Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) NSC-68NSC-68 Dean AchesonDean Acheson

Subversive Subversive

Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

Cold War-Cold War- a term that refers to the a term that refers to the international rivalry between Communist international rivalry between Communist states and Capitalist statesstates and Capitalist states

Mainly between United States, Great Britain Mainly between United States, Great Britain and Western European countriesand Western European countries

VersesVerses Soviet Union- Eastern European Satellite Soviet Union- Eastern European Satellite

states, Later China, Korea, Cuba, Vietnam states, Later China, Korea, Cuba, Vietnam

QuizQuiz

Explain how the Foreign Policy of the Explain how the Foreign Policy of the United States Government responded to United States Government responded to the Cold War.the Cold War.

What pattern was created and cite a few What pattern was created and cite a few examples of each?examples of each?

Presidents and the Cold War• Truman-(1945-1953)

– Containment Policy– Truman Doctrine– Marshall Plan– Berlin Airlift– NATO– Korean War– Firing of MacArthur– H-Bomb

• Eisenhower- (1953-1961)– Korean War peace– Guatemala– Cuban Revolution– Vietnam support– Arms Race/Space Race– U2 Incident– Shah of Iran

• Kennedy (1961-1963)– Vietnam escalation (Military advisors and

equipment sent)– Bay of Pigs– Cuban Missile Crisis (the closest the US

will come to Nuclear War)• Johnson (1963-1969)

– Escalates Vietnam involvement (500K troops 1968)

• Nixon (1969-1974)– Massive Bombing of North Vietnam and

Cambodia– Negotiated Settlement of Vietnam– Visits China and begins Détente with Mao

Tse Tong– Soviet Union Detnte– Chile CIA - Pinchet

• Ford (1974-1977)• SALT Treaty• Carter (1977-1981)

– SALT treaties – ABM Treaty– Russians invade Afghanistan– Aides Mujhadeen fighting Russians– Communists take over in Nicaragua

• Reagan (1981-1989)– Focuses American in building “Star

Wars” anti-missile program and defense spending to counter Soviets

– Causes Soviet economy to suffer- – Gorbachev begins Perestroika-

opens frustrations created by Communist economy and peaceful revolution is begun

• Bush (41) (1989-1993)– 1991 the Soviet Union is ended and

chain reaction reverberates across Europe (Essentially communism and extreme socialism as an economic system is proven ineffective)

– Nationalism takes over in formerly communist controlled regions of Europe

Over View of Cold WarOver View of Cold War

After WWII the US will After WWII the US will confront confront Communist expansionCommunist expansion all over the world. all over the world.

Conflict will Conflict will last 50 yearslast 50 years and ends and ends peacefully with Reagan and Bush (41) in peacefully with Reagan and Bush (41) in 1991, when the Soviet Union 1991, when the Soviet Union disintegrated.disintegrated.

Each President will deal with Cold War Each President will deal with Cold War Issues as the focus of Foreign Policy.Issues as the focus of Foreign Policy.

Post WWII 1945-53Post WWII 1945-53 Area of Conflict: Area of Conflict:

Eastern Europe Eastern Europe West Germany/East Germany/BerlinWest Germany/East Germany/Berlin ChinaChina KoreaKorea Vietnam Vietnam CubaCuba

Stalin and RooseveltStalin and Roosevelt

Roosevelt is often criticized for Roosevelt is often criticized for making bad choices and giving in to making bad choices and giving in to Stalin at the Yalta Conference. Stalin at the Yalta Conference.

Why is FDR criticized and is this Why is FDR criticized and is this justified? Explainjustified? Explain

Wartime ConferencesWartime Conferences FDR (and later Truman) will coordinate the effort with FDR (and later Truman) will coordinate the effort with

Allied leaders Churchill, and later StalinAllied leaders Churchill, and later Stalin Casablanca-1943Casablanca-1943 FDR, Churchill, agreed on war aims: FDR, Churchill, agreed on war aims:

Sicily invasion, Unconditional Surrender- of Japan and Sicily invasion, Unconditional Surrender- of Japan and GermanyGermany

Cairo-1943-Cairo-1943- FDR and Churchill, Chiang Kai-shek- FDR and Churchill, Chiang Kai-shek- discussed war aims in Asia, Japan will lose all islands discussed war aims in Asia, Japan will lose all islands acquired, Korea independentacquired, Korea independent

Teheran-1943 Teheran-1943 The “Big Three” discussed 2The “Big Three” discussed 2ndnd front in front in Europe (France), Postwar Germany, Europe (France), Postwar Germany,

Yalta-February 1945Yalta-February 1945 “Big Three” Discussed the fate of “Big Three” Discussed the fate of Poland, Stalin asserted need for “Buffer Zone” and sphere Poland, Stalin asserted need for “Buffer Zone” and sphere of influence; Stalin promised to of influence; Stalin promised to allow free electionsallow free elections; ; planned for the division of Germany after the war; Stalin planned for the division of Germany after the war; Stalin promised to declare war on Japan in exchange for Japanese promised to declare war on Japan in exchange for Japanese land/Kurile Islands; (FDR is dying and will be criticized for land/Kurile Islands; (FDR is dying and will be criticized for being manipulated by Stalin and “selling out” Eastern being manipulated by Stalin and “selling out” Eastern Europe to the Russians.Europe to the Russians.

Potsdam- Germany, July 1945Potsdam- Germany, July 1945, FDR dead, Truman, , FDR dead, Truman, Churchill gone, new Brit- Clement Atlee, Stalin- discussed Churchill gone, new Brit- Clement Atlee, Stalin- discussed boundaries for Germany, German resources would pay for boundaries for Germany, German resources would pay for the war, the war,

Casablanca 1943Casablanca 1943

Teheran 1943Teheran 1943

Roosevelt’s Post War Roosevelt’s Post War World World

Wanted Russian help with fighting the Wanted Russian help with fighting the Japanese Japanese Japan had 1 million soldiers in ChinaJapan had 1 million soldiers in China

Was sympathetic to Russian suffering in Was sympathetic to Russian suffering in two wars with Germanytwo wars with Germany

Understood that Russians had a millions of Understood that Russians had a millions of soldiers in Eastern Europesoldiers in Eastern Europe

Wanted to create a Wanted to create a post-warpost-war world of order world of order and stabilityand stability

Wanted to prevent WarWanted to prevent War Expand Self determinationExpand Self determination Wanted to support economic development- Wanted to support economic development-

Churchill WantedChurchill Wanted

Maintain the British EmpireMaintain the British Empire Limit Soviet power in EuropeLimit Soviet power in Europe

Stalin WantedStalin Wanted

Protect the Soviet Union from AttackProtect the Soviet Union from Attack Establish a buffer zone and Satellite Establish a buffer zone and Satellite

states friendly to Soviet interestsstates friendly to Soviet interests Weaken Germany to prevent any Weaken Germany to prevent any

further warsfurther wars

Tehran ConferenceTehran Conference Big ThreeBig Three discuss what to do with discuss what to do with

GermanyGermany Stalin wanted to eliminate Germany as a Stalin wanted to eliminate Germany as a

threatthreat To partition Germany-To partition Germany-

Churchill wanted to use Germany to Churchill wanted to use Germany to counter the Russians-counter the Russians-

Roosevelt was more lenient to the needs of Roosevelt was more lenient to the needs of StalinStalin

Stalin promised to help fight Japan- after Stalin promised to help fight Japan- after Germany surrenderedGermany surrendered

Teheran Economic Teheran Economic Development PlansDevelopment Plans

International Monetary FundInternational Monetary Fund Fund used to stabilize currency Fund used to stabilize currency

International Bank for International Bank for Reconstruction- later known as the Reconstruction- later known as the World BankWorld Bank Plan to lend money to countries Plan to lend money to countries Help revive tradeHelp revive trade

Yalta Conference Feb Yalta Conference Feb 19451945

Roosevelt is about to die Roosevelt is about to die Soviets were marching into GermanySoviets were marching into Germany Red Army was occupying most of Eastern Red Army was occupying most of Eastern

EuropeEurope Further planned for Post War EuropeFurther planned for Post War Europe Russians establish communist governments Russians establish communist governments

wherever they had controlwherever they had control Poland example- Poland example- Lublin Government-Lublin Government- basically basically

ignored the Polish Government in exile in ignored the Polish Government in exile in LondonLondon

Churchill and Roosevelt wanted free elections Churchill and Roosevelt wanted free elections

Stalin Agreed at YaltaStalin Agreed at Yalta

To Declare war on Japan after To Declare war on Japan after Germany surrendered within 2-3 Germany surrendered within 2-3 monthsmonths

Partition of Germany into 4 Zones- Partition of Germany into 4 Zones- Russian, US, British, and FrenchRussian, US, British, and French

In Exchange forIn Exchange for Influence in ManchuriaInfluence in Manchuria Return of land lost in Russo-Japanese Return of land lost in Russo-Japanese

War (1904)War (1904)

Why does Roosevelt give in to Stalin’s Post Why does Roosevelt give in to Stalin’s Post War plans?War plans?

Germany had invaded Russia twice, killed millions of Germany had invaded Russia twice, killed millions of Russians- Roosevelt was sympathetic to Stalin’s idea of Russians- Roosevelt was sympathetic to Stalin’s idea of Sphere of Influence/Buffer StatesSphere of Influence/Buffer States

Roosevelt wanted help from Russians with the Fight Roosevelt wanted help from Russians with the Fight against Japan (Russia didn’t declare war on Japan until 2 against Japan (Russia didn’t declare war on Japan until 2 days before war was over)days before war was over)

Buffer ZoneBuffer Zone will later turn into the will later turn into the Communist BlockCommunist Block or or Warsaw Pact-Warsaw Pact- The instillation of communist The instillation of communist controlled governments along the Western border of controlled governments along the Western border of Russia:Russia:

East Germany, Poland, Baltic States, Yugoslavia, East Germany, Poland, Baltic States, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria…Romania, Bulgaria…

Later known as the Later known as the Iron CurtainIron Curtain phrase was coined phrase was coined by Churchill at by Churchill at

Stalin broke promises Stalin broke promises ““We can’t do business with Stalin. He has broken We can’t do business with Stalin. He has broken

everyone of the promises he made at Yalta.” FDReveryone of the promises he made at Yalta.” FDR

Trends in American Cold War Trends in American Cold War Foreign PolicyForeign Policy American government will confront communism American government will confront communism

were ever it attempts to spread using: were ever it attempts to spread using: Covert ActionCovert Action: : CIA-CIA- influence elections influence elections Money: Money: Marshall PlanMarshall Plan, later loans and economic , later loans and economic

aidaid MilitaryMilitary: Equipment, supplies, training, and direct : Equipment, supplies, training, and direct

military involvementmilitary involvement Greece, Turkey, Guatemala, South KoreaGreece, Turkey, Guatemala, South Korea, ,

American government will support countries, American government will support countries, governments, dictators, and even drug dealers, governments, dictators, and even drug dealers, in an effort to stop the spread of communism.in an effort to stop the spread of communism.

http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/post-ww2.htm

Potsdam Conference July Potsdam Conference July 19451945

Big 3 at Potsdam Truman, Churchill, Big 3 at Potsdam Truman, Churchill, Stalin met in a suburb of Berlin for the Stalin met in a suburb of Berlin for the Potsdam Conference July 17-Aug. 2 Potsdam Conference July 17-Aug. 2

Settled the German reparation question- Settled the German reparation question- Soviets would get assets in the EastSoviets would get assets in the East

Nazi leaders to be tried as war criminals Nazi leaders to be tried as war criminals at at Nuremberg

Korea to be dividedKorea to be divided Truman found out “Trinity” test of A-Bomb Truman found out “Trinity” test of A-Bomb

worked, causes a tougher line with the worked, causes a tougher line with the RussiansRussians

Iron Curtain Speech March Iron Curtain Speech March 5th, 1946 5th, 1946

The Iron Curtain speechThe Iron Curtain speech, perhaps more commonly , perhaps more commonly known as the Sinews of Peace address, was delivered known as the Sinews of Peace address, was delivered by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on at by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on at Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri. Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri.

In this speech, Churchill talked about how wrong it In this speech, Churchill talked about how wrong it was that the Russians were occupying European was that the Russians were occupying European countries.countries.

He spoke of all the terrible things that were going on He spoke of all the terrible things that were going on within these countries, and of the threats and dangers within these countries, and of the threats and dangers of Communism. of Communism.

Churchill also described an "Iron Curtain" which Churchill also described an "Iron Curtain" which prevented all communication and connection between prevented all communication and connection between the Soviets and Europe and which hung around many the Soviets and Europe and which hung around many European countries. European countries.

““From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent." the Continent."

How does the use of the How does the use of the atomic bomb on Japan fit atomic bomb on Japan fit

into the Cold War?into the Cold War? The use of the Bomb makes Stalin The use of the Bomb makes Stalin

want speed up research and want speed up research and espionage espionage on a Russian Bomb.on a Russian Bomb.

Some believe that the decision to Some believe that the decision to drop the bomb was in part drop the bomb was in part a a message to Stalinmessage to Stalin that the US was that the US was capable and prepared to use it capable and prepared to use it against Russia if war broke out against Russia if war broke out again.again.

ContainmentContainment in Europe and in Europe and the Middle Eastthe Middle East

George F. Kennan-George F. Kennan- American diplomat in American diplomat in Moscow, expert on Russian historyMoscow, expert on Russian history

8000 word telegram- advice on how US 8000 word telegram- advice on how US should deal with Soviet Union and should deal with Soviet Union and Communism spreadCommunism spread

Stated the Soviet Union was paranoid of Stated the Soviet Union was paranoid of Western attackWestern attack

Suggested Suggested ContainmentContainment strategy- prevent strategy- prevent the spread of communismthe spread of communism

Communism in Europe would Communism in Europe would eventually eventually die out!die out!

Truman and subsequent presidents adopt Truman and subsequent presidents adopt this view.this view.

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine 1947 1947 Secretary of State- Secretary of State- Dean AchesonDean Acheson (Strong Anti- (Strong Anti-

Communist) suggests to Truman, if Greece falls Communist) suggests to Truman, if Greece falls to communism- Turkey and other countries will to communism- Turkey and other countries will fall…fall…

Truman articulates American Policy in speech Truman articulates American Policy in speech to joint session of Congressto joint session of Congress

Prompted by Communist actions in Prompted by Communist actions in GreeceGreece (Civil War) and Turkey(Civil War) and Turkey

US policy will aid all countries in the world that US policy will aid all countries in the world that are suffering from communist subversionare suffering from communist subversion

Primarily economic aid (Primarily economic aid (Marshall PlanMarshall Plan) but will ) but will also include military equipment and trainingalso include military equipment and training

Congress will appropriate $400 million Congress will appropriate $400 million Policy will be Policy will be replicatedreplicated by subsequent by subsequent

presidentspresidents

““Truman Doctrine”Truman Doctrine”

““I believe that it must be the Policy I believe that it must be the Policy of the United States to support free of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure.”by outside pressure.”

Marshall Plan 1947Marshall Plan 1947 George MarshallGeorge Marshall, Secretary of State for Truman, Secretary of State for Truman Former Chief of Staff for the Army- coordinated Former Chief of Staff for the Army- coordinated

the American strategy WWIIthe American strategy WWII Feared further Feared further communist popularitycommunist popularity in post-war in post-war

Europe (Socialist movements were gaining power Europe (Socialist movements were gaining power France, Italy, due to- severe destruction, France, Italy, due to- severe destruction, economic declines brought by the war- In bad economic declines brought by the war- In bad economic circumstances Communism sounds like economic circumstances Communism sounds like a good idea)a good idea)

Proposes a plan to offer Proposes a plan to offer Massive Economic Aid to Massive Economic Aid to EuropeanEuropean countries to help rebuild economies countries to help rebuild economies and prevent attractiveness of communism ($13 and prevent attractiveness of communism ($13 Billion in 3yrs)Billion in 3yrs) Complemented Truman DoctrineComplemented Truman Doctrine

Berlin Crisis 1948-49Berlin Crisis 1948-49 Part of the settlement at PotsdamPart of the settlement at Potsdam Germany was to be partitioned Germany was to be partitioned 4 4

administrative areasadministrative areas Berlin alsoBerlin also When the US, France, and Britain prepared When the US, France, and Britain prepared

unite the Western portion of Germany and unite the Western portion of Germany and the Western portion of Berlin- the Western portion of Berlin-

Russians try to force Western powers out Russians try to force Western powers out of Berlinof Berlin preventing access to the Western preventing access to the Western portion of the city (portion of the city (BlockadeBlockade))

Truman responds with Truman responds with Berlin Airlift Berlin Airlift supplying Berlin by air, 13,000 tons of supplying Berlin by air, 13,000 tons of supplies per day, airlift lasts 300 dayssupplies per day, airlift lasts 300 days

West Germany- West Germany- Federal Republic of Germany (pro USA) Federal Republic of Germany (pro USA)

East Germany- German Democratic Republic (GDR)

NATO NATO 19491949

North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization Cold War defensive allianceCold War defensive alliance between between

countries in Europe-and the United Statescountries in Europe-and the United States Europeans invited the United States to Europeans invited the United States to

take an active role in European defensetake an active role in European defense ““An armed attack against one or more of An armed attack against one or more of

them in Europe or North America… an them in Europe or North America… an attack against all”attack against all”

In Asia- In Asia- SEATO-SEATO- South East Asia Treaty South East Asia Treaty OrganizationOrganization

NATONATO April 4, 1949 as an international organization for the April 4, 1949 as an international organization for the

political and military defense of the political and military defense of the USUS and and CanadaCanada and the European states of and the European states of BelgiumBelgium, , DenmarkDenmark, , FranceFrance (which ceased to be a member of the military (which ceased to be a member of the military structure of the organization in 1966), structure of the organization in 1966), Great BritainGreat Britain, , IcelandIceland, , Italy, LuxemburgItaly, Luxemburg, the , the NetherlandsNetherlands, , NorwayNorway, , and and PortugalPortugal. .

An important An important goal of NATOgoal of NATO for more than for more than forty years has been defense against the forty years has been defense against the expansionist ambitions of Communism, and expansionist ambitions of Communism, and particularly defense against the USSR and the particularly defense against the USSR and the Warsaw Pact — until their dissolution in 1991.Warsaw Pact — until their dissolution in 1991.

Countries entering later are Countries entering later are GreeceGreece and and TurkeyTurkey (1952), the (1952), the Federal Republic of GermanyFederal Republic of Germany (1955), (1955), SpainSpain (1982), Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia (1982), Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia ((19991999). ).

NATO MapNATO Map

Soviet BlockSoviet Block Soviets create an alliance- Soviets create an alliance- Communist Communist

BlockBlock or Warsaw Pact countries- or Warsaw Pact countries- defensive alliance dominated by Soviets-defensive alliance dominated by Soviets-

19551955 by Albania, Bulgaria, by Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. Soviet Union.

The organization was the Soviet bloc's The organization was the Soviet bloc's equivalent of the North Atlantic Treaty equivalent of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Organization.

American Cold War American Cold War Bureaucracy Bureaucracy Under Under Truman the apparatus for national securityTruman the apparatus for national security

expandsexpands National Security Act- 1947:National Security Act- 1947: Established Air Force as separate military bodyEstablished Air Force as separate military body

Strategic Air Command-theStrategic Air Command-the round-the-clock surveillance round-the-clock surveillance and bombing preparationand bombing preparation

Department of DefenseDepartment of Defense National Security Council-National Security Council- to coordinate between to coordinate between

State and Defense departmentsState and Defense departments Established the Established the Central Intelligence AgencyCentral Intelligence Agency

(CIA)-(CIA)- will engage in intelligence gathering, then will engage in intelligence gathering, then covertcovert operations to operations to subvert pro-communistsubvert pro-communist governments- used governments- used $,$, murdermurder, , propagandapropaganda to to influence domestic politics in foreign countries influence domestic politics in foreign countries (Italy, Greece, Albania, Guatemala, (Italy, Greece, Albania, Guatemala,

Truman and IsraelTruman and Israel

1948- Truman officially recognizes 1948- Truman officially recognizes the existence and legitimacy of the existence and legitimacy of IsraelIsrael

Part of Cold War- US wanted Part of Cold War- US wanted influence in Middle Eastinfluence in Middle East

NSC- 68 ReportNSC- 68 Report Truman orders a study Truman orders a study

of National Security of National Security after Russians after Russians detonate A-Bombdetonate A-Bomb

Results of the study Results of the study lead to increased lead to increased military military preparedness and preparedness and fear of the fear of the International International CommunismCommunism

Study RecommendationsStudy Recommendations Intensify intelligenceIntensify intelligence

OperationsOperations US should encourage US should encourage

unrest in Soviet Satellite unrest in Soviet Satellite countries countries

Increase researchIncrease research and and development of military development of military capabilitiescapabilities

Increase militaryIncrease military preparednesspreparedness

Create a standing army- Create a standing army- increase military levelsincrease military levels

Increase military budgetIncrease military budget

Revolution in ChinaRevolution in China Nationalist-CapitalistNationalist-Capitalist Chiang Kai ShekChiang Kai Shek Supported by TrumanSupported by Truman Corrupt-limited support Corrupt-limited support

from Chinese peoplefrom Chinese people Lose to communists-even Lose to communists-even

with US helpwith US help Evacuate to Formosa or Evacuate to Formosa or

modern Taiwan and set up modern Taiwan and set up the Republic of Chinathe Republic of China

TaiwanTaiwan will remain US ally will remain US ally and US will protect its and US will protect its independence through independence through todaytoday

Significance: Early victory Significance: Early victory for communists will foster a for communists will foster a hard-line reaction from hard-line reaction from American AdministrationAmerican Administration

Asia will become a Asia will become a battleground for the Cold battleground for the Cold WarWar

CommunistsCommunists Mao Tse TungMao Tse Tung Supported by Soviet UnionSupported by Soviet Union Opposition group to Opposition group to

ChiangChiang Fights for dominance in Fights for dominance in

ChinaChina Very popular with ChineseVery popular with Chinese Defeats Chiang’s forcesDefeats Chiang’s forces Will become a strong Will become a strong

advocate for the expansion advocate for the expansion of communism in Asiaof communism in Asia

Will later support the Will later support the North Koreans, North North Koreans, North VietnameseVietnamese

Mao leads the communists Mao leads the communists till he dies in the 1970’still he dies in the 1970’s

Truman and ChinaTruman and China

Truman was criticized for not meeting Truman was criticized for not meeting the communist challenge in Chinathe communist challenge in China

However, the US would have had to However, the US would have had to send troops and massive aid to Chiang send troops and massive aid to Chiang in order to delay the inevitable. in order to delay the inevitable. ChiangChiang had no chance of winning the had no chance of winning the Civil War- Civil War- MaoMao was too popular. was too popular.

Truman and Eisenhower vow to Truman and Eisenhower vow to protect Republic of China on the protect Republic of China on the island of Taiwanisland of Taiwan (Formosa) (Formosa)