cognitive view of personality
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Cognitive View of Personality. Beck. Cognition plays a significant role in personality and psychopathology Cognition Forms Automatic Thoughts Processing Errors Schema (core beliefs). Beck. Basic model Thinking Causes Feeling/Behavior - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Cognitive View of Personality
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Cognition plays a significant role in personality and psychopathology
Cognition Forms◦ Automatic Thoughts◦ Processing Errors◦ Schema (core beliefs)
Beck
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Basic model◦ Thinking Causes Feeling/Behavior
It’s not events that disturb us, it is what we think about these events.
Beck
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AutomaticThoughts
EventsSchema
EmotionsBehavior
Others’Behavior
Distortions
BECK’S MODEL
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AutomaticThoughts
EventsSchema
EmotionsBehavior
Others’Behavior
Distortions
BECK’S MODEL Bandura
Reciprocal
Determinism
Personal Factors
Overt Behavior
The Environment
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AutomaticThoughts
EventsSchema
EmotionsBehavior
Others’Behavior
Distortions
BECK’S MODEL Pavlov
NS-CS
UCR - CR
UCS?UCS?
UCS?
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AutomaticThoughts
EventsSchema
EmotionsBehavior
Others’Behavior
Distortions
BECK’S MODEL Pavlov
CS
CR
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AutomaticThoughts
EventsSchema
EmotionsBehavior
Others’Behavior
Distortions
BECK’S MODEL Skinner SA
SB
SCNS-CS
UCR - CR
UCS?
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AutomaticThoughts
EventsSchema
EmotionsBehavior
Others’Behavior
Distortions
BECK’S MODELSA
SB
SCNS-CS
UCR - CR
UCS? Beck’sUniquePiece
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AutomaticThoughts
EventsSchema
EmotionsBehavior
Others’Behavior
Distortions
BECK’S MODELAn Application “A look”
I can’t do this Mind Reading
Anxiety, FearVisible nervousnessAvoidance
incompetence
Closer observation
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Almost always believed Spontaneous Simple rules that worked in past Idiosyncratic Persistent and self-perpetuating Different from public statements Repeat habitual themes Learned
Characteristics of Automatic Thoughts
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Distortions Filtering
◦ tunnel vision
tendency to look at only one element of a situation
positives are discounted negatives are counted
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Polarized thinking◦ black and white thinking◦ Splitting
Distortions
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Overgeneralization◦ conclusion based on a single event or piece of evidence
includes global labels for people and places◦ e.g., jerk, stupid, etc.◦ contains a grain of truth◦ ignores all contrary evidence
Distortions
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Mind Reading◦ you assume you know how others are
thinking◦ then you make a judgment about them ◦ you make assumptions about how others are
reacting to you
Distortions
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Catastrophizing◦ imagines the worst possible outcome
Distortions
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Magnifying/Minimizing◦ blow things out of proportion (or opposite)◦ words: “huge, impossible, overwhelming”
Distortions
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Personalization◦ constant comparing yourself to others◦ relate everything to yourself◦ person is a causal factor (when not)
Distortions
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Shoulds◦ operating from a list of inflexible rules◦ applies to self and others◦ deviation from rules is bad◦ judging and finding fault
Distortions
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Magical Reasoning
◦ Thinking will make it happen
Distortions
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Emotional Reasoning
◦ I feel it, therefore it is true.
Distortions
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Schema◦ mental structures that guide behaviour◦ influences what we see and remember◦ sometimes called rules or beliefs◦ a product of previous learning
Schema
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Orders the world Promotes efficiency Reduces the amount of info we need to process Usually adaptive
Schemas
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About things About procedures About ourselves About others
Types of Schema
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Cognitive Personality “Styles”
Schema and Behavior
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love autonomy and indepedence keep their own counsel cautious and perceptive stand up for themselves alert to criticism high premium on loyalty
The Vigilant Style
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are comfortable being alone are independent even-tempered, calm, unsentimental are stoic (indifferent to pain and pleasure) not driven by sexual needs unswayed by praise or criticism
The Solitary Style
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rich inner life few close relationships eccentric do their own thing have an expanding reality drawn to abstract and speculative thinking keen observers of others
The Idiosyncratic Style
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Nonconforming like challenge and dares Independent, tend to be persuasive like to keep moving may be hell-raisers and mischief makers courageous and bold no regrets (i.e., live in the present)
The Adventurous Style
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always be romantically attached to someone
intense, emotionally active and reactive uninhibited, spontaneous, high energy open-minded skilled at distancing themselves from reality
when it is painful or harsh
The Mercurial Style
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live in an emotional world, rich imaginations tell entertaining stories, like attention pay a lot of attention to appearance seductive, engaging and charming, get involved in relationships quickly eagerly respond to new ideas and
suggestions from others
The Dramatic Style
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believe in themselves expect to be treated well by others ambitious, interest in politics, competitive identify with people of rank and stature have fantasies of greatness are self-aware and poised
The Self-Confident Style
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likes the familiar deeply concerned about what others think cautious in dealing with others, polite best in scripted settings value privacy
The Sensitive Style
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dedicated in relationships prefer the company of one or more don't like to be alone, good teamplayers tend to be deferent promote harmony and considerate find meaning in attachments with others
The Devoted Style
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hardworking, individuals of conscience (like to do the right thing), like to do things
the right way perfectionists, persevering, ordered,
detailed prudent (i.e., thrifty, careful, cautious) to accumulate things (i.e., pack rat)
The Conscientious Style
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Albert Ellis
George Kelly
Other Cognitive Types