Cognitive Theories in SLA

Jim Cummins

Cognitive Academic Proficiency

Cummins in Baker, C. (2001)

Common Underlying ProficiencyCummins in Baker, C. (2001)

Threshold Hypothesis

Cummins in Baker, C. (2001)

Pair Activity

1. Choose a buddy

2. Have one face the back

3. One holds a separate piece of paper

4. To create.....

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills

The term BICS refers to the universal aspects of language proficiency that are required for native speakers of a language to communicate successfully with other native speakers. BICS: Are necessary for everyday functioning. Are very context sensitive while depending partially on nonverbal cues. Can typically be achieved in the classroom with good contextual support.

Cummins in Parrish, 2006

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency

The term CALP refers to the language skills that are associated with literacy and cognitive development. CALP is typically learned through formal instruction.

Shows a high correlation with verbal sections on intelligence tests.Is very context reduced while depending more on cognitive capabilities.Depends on the relationship between the native language and other language since both languages should be sufficiently well established.

Collier & Thomas

Cognitively Un-demanding

Cognitively Demanding

Context ReducedContext Embedded

A

BD

C

Bialystok, E. Cognitive Processing in Bilingual Children

Center for Applied Linguistics. (2002)

Answer Key

Center for Applied Linguistics. (2002)

Center for Applied Linguistics. (2002)