cognitive psychology, sixth edition, robert j. sternberg chapter 2 chapter 2: cognitive neuroscience
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
![Page 2: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Some Questions of Interest
• What are the fundamental structures and processes of the human brain?
• How do researchers study the major structures and processes of the brain?
• What have researchers found as a result of studying the brain?
![Page 3: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Anatomy of the Brain
![Page 4: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Forebrain– Cerebral cortex– Basal ganglia
• Motor movement– Limbic system
Anatomy of the Brain
![Page 5: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Septum & Amygdala– Involved in anger, aggression, fear
• Hippocampus– memories
• Thalamus– Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex
• Hypothalamus– 4 F’s
Anatomy of the Limbic System
![Page 6: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Helps to control eye movement and coordination
• Reticular activating system– Controls respiration, cardiovascular
function, digestion, alertness, and sleep
• Brain stem– Vital in basic attention, arousal, and
consciousness
Midbrain
![Page 7: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Medulla Oblongata– Breathing,
swallowing, and digestion
• Pons– Relay station
• Cerebellum– Motor coordination,
posture, and maintaining balance
Hindbrain
![Page 8: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex
![Page 9: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Contralaterality
• Corpus Callosum– Neural fibers
connecting left and right lobes
– Allows communication between right and left side
Cerebral Cortex
![Page 10: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Cerebral Cortex: localization and specialization
![Page 11: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Hemispheric Activity Interferes With Ability to Work a Counter
![Page 12: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Wernicke’s area vs. Broca’s area
Specialization of Left Hemisphere
![Page 13: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
What would a split-brain patient say they saw? What would a split-brain patient point to with their left hand?
Split-Brain Demonstration
![Page 14: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• http://www.ted.com/talks/vilayanur_ramachandran_on_your_mind.html
Brain Disorders
Capgrass syndromePhantom limb
Synesthesia
![Page 15: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Structure of a Neuron
![Page 16: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers •Acetylcholine = associated with Alzheimer’s disease
•Dopamine = associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease
•Serotonin = associated with anorexia
![Page 17: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Group Reaction Time and Neural Speed
![Page 18: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Viewing Structures and Functions of the Brain
![Page 19: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Single-cell recordings
• Selective lesioning
• Genetic knockout procedures• Create animals that lack certain kinds of cells or
receptors in the brain
Animal Studies
![Page 20: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Human Studies
• Electrical recordings• Event-related potential (ERP)
![Page 21: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Human Studies
• Static imaging techniques– Angiogram CT
scan; MRI scan
![Page 22: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Positron emission tomography (PET)– Radioactive material is injected or inhaled– Participant is then scanned to produce an
image of the brain’s activity
Metabolic Imaging
![Page 23: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)– Takes a series of images of the brain in
quick succession– Brain areas with more blood flow have
been shown to have better visibility
Metabolic Imaging
![Page 24: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)– Temporarily disrupt functioning of a particular brain
area– An electrical current passes through a coil on person’s
head, generating a magnetic field
Metabolic Imaging
![Page 25: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Magnetoencephalography
(MEG)– Measures activity of
the brain from outside the head by picking up magnetic fields emitted by changes in brain activity
Metabolic Imaging
![Page 26: Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. Sternberg Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649ea15503460f94ba4bf2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cognitive Psychology, Sixth Edition, Robert J. SternbergChapter 2
Brain Disorders
• Stroke
• Brain tumor
• Head injuries
http://www.ted.com/talks/jill_bolte_taylor_s_powerful_stroke_of_insight.html