cognitive model of children’s metaphor tamara i. dotsenko perm state pedagogical university...
TRANSCRIPT
Cognitive model of children’s metaphor
Tamara I. DotsenkoPerm State Pedagogical University
614000, Perm, Siberskaya,24,
Olga V. ShabalinaPerm Krai In-Servise Theacher Traiming Institute
614017, Perm, Lebedeva,2
1
Introduction
In modern linguistics the metaphor is
understood as:
• Trop (poetics,stylistics, rhetoric)
• Language phenomenon — a source of new words meanings
• Сognitive phenomenon
2
The research of children’s metaphor is usually connected
with:
• the problem of its recognition/non-recognition
• the recognition of it as language phenomenon
3
The origin of metaphorical children expressions is caused by
difficulties in speech communications:
misunderstanding the adults
search of a nomination for a new object
Exit out of difficulty
catching similarity between objects
4
Hypothesis of research:
аs a result of catching similarity between objects in the mind of the child the primary cognitive model of metaphor, or сognitive model of a children’s metaphor is formed
5
The aim of researching:
to reveal structure cognitive models of
children's metaphor
6
Materials of researching:
105 object-verbal and 106 word-verbal
metaphorical pairs
The description of experiment:
Examinees: two groups (32 persons each) of 5-6 year-old children
The stimuli:
• оbjects: мяч (a ball), варежка (mitten), мыльница (a soap tray), карандаш (a pencil)
• a correlate-word for these оbjects
The experimental task:
answer the question: “To what is it similar?”.
7
Method of modeling:
• the semantic analysis
• the comparative analysis of object-verbal and word-verbal metaphorical pairs
• the quantitative analysis (calculation of relative frequency and the correlation analysis)
8
Fields-sources (thematic zones) of children's metaphor
Metaphor - is the transfer of knowledge
from the field of our experience (field-
source) to another less familiar field - the
target (Lakoff)
In experiment • field - target – is the material of a stimulus• field-source – are the answers of the examinees
9
Frequency of semantic zones of the field-source of a metaphor
№ Zone of theme Children
object word1 Geometrical figures 0,37 0,27
2 Household objects 0,20 0,23
3 Toys 0,12 0,07
4 Instruments of writing and drawing 0,07 0,04
5 Parts of the man’s body 0,07 0,04
6 Fruits 0,05 0,09
7 Plants and their parts 0,05 0,06
8 Heavenly bodies 0,04 0,06
9 Living beings and parts of their bodies 0,01 0,05
10 Graphic signs 0,01 0,03
11 Clothes 0,01 0,01
12 Foodstuff 0,00 0,03
13 Fantastic characters s 0,00 0,02
From the table follows:
1) all the thematic zones of the object field-source are included into the field-source of a word
2) the most often activated are the two thematic zones
• «geometrical figures» • «household objects»
11
Semantic attributes in the structure of a children's
metaphor
Integrated semantic attributes (ISA) - are common for stimuli and answer- reactions
ISA • are found for each separate pair• are compared in correlating object-verbal and word-verbal pairs
12
Integrated semantic attributes in object-verbal and
word-verbal pairs
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
окру
глос
ть М
объе
мно
сть
К
узос
ть К
твер
дост
ь К
прод
олго
вато
сть
В
объе
мно
сть
МЦ
объе
мно
сть
М
из д
ерев
а К
нали
чие
поло
сти
внут
ри В
Pres
ence
of a
cav
ity in
side
МЦ
To c
onta
in B
Softn
ess
B
fabr
ic B
To c
onta
in B
Dim
endi
ons
B
Rec
tang
ular
МЦ
To c
lose
МЦ
Rot
undi
ty М
Ц
Pres
ence
of t
wo
parts
МЦ
Pres
ence
of t
wo
parts
B
Poin
tedn
ess
B
To w
ash,
bat
he М
Ц
To m
ove
M
Poin
tedn
ess
K
Pres
ence
of a
cav
ity in
side
K
To w
rite,
dra
w K
Rec
tang
ular
MЦ
To w
arm
B
Rot
undi
ty B
Woo
l B
Pres
ence
of a
cav
ity in
side
B
Red
col
or M
To p
ut B
Rec
tang
ular
B
Size
МЦ
Size
K
Yello
w c
olor
K
To m
ove
K
To p
lay
M
To in
flate
M
object-verbal word-verbal
The figure shows: 1) 92% correlating pairs are organized by the ISA in which
sensually perceived attributes of objects are represented
2) the Spirmen factor has shown a high correlation of ISA in both the pairs: мяч (a ball) rs=0,875, варежка (mitten) rs=0,765, мыльница (a soap tray) rs=0,850, карандаш (a pencil) rs=0,950.
The children's metaphor represents the uniform mechanism of catching of the similarity between the objects, poorly
differentiated in relation to a object and a word
Ways of the organization of integrated semantic attributes in
structure of a children's metaphor
Integrated semantic attributes are organized1) by the semantic complex (SC):• not dismembered • dismembered2) by one member semantic attribute
15
The ways of the integrated semantic attributes in a children's metaphor organization
stimulus object-verbal pair word-verbal pair
average 0,83 0,05 0,12 0,86 0,02 0,12
Not
dis
mem
bere
d S
C
Dis
mem
bere
d S
C
One
mem
ber
Not
dis
mem
bere
d S
C
Dis
mem
bere
d S
C
One
mem
ber
Average shows: the basic way of the semantic attributes in a children's metaphor organization is not a dismembered semantic complex
16
Types of integrated semantic attributes in the structure of a children's metaphor
0,55 0,54
0,14 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,130,15
0,03 0,030,01 0,01 0,01 0,01
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1F
orm
Str
uctu
re
Function
Mate
rial
Contiguity
Colo
r
Siz
e
object-verbal pair
word-verbal pair
The figure shows:
1) On the basis of frequency semantic types the following characteristics are received:
• «form» — is the main structuring attribute (0,55 );• «function», «structure», «material» - are strong
central attributes (0,13) • «contiguity in space», «color», «size» — are weak
peripheral attributes (0,03-0,01)
2) The Spirmen factor, close to 1 (rs=0,98), specifies the full correlation of semantic types for
object-verbal and word-verbal metaphorical pair
18
1) The children's metaphor is the mechanism of catching similarity between the objects, poorly differentiated in relation to a subject and a word.
Conclusions:
1) The children's metaphor is the mechanism of catching similarity between the objects, poorly differentiated in relation to a subject and a word.
2) The field-source of a children's metaphor includes a set of thematic zones. The basic thematic zones of the field-source are «household objects» and «geometrical figures».
Conclusions:
1) The children's metaphor is the mechanism of catching similarity between the objects, poorly differentiated in relation to a subject and a word.
2) The field-source of a children's metaphor includes a set of
thematic zones. The basic thematic zones of the field-source are «household objects» and «geometrical figures».
3) Similarity between the objects or their images is usually caught by not dismembered complexes of semantic attributes, in which sensually perceived attributes of objects are represented
Conclusions:
1) The children's metaphor is the mechanism of catching similarity between the objects, poorly differentiated in relation to a subject and a word.
2) The field-source of a children's metaphor includes a set of thematic zones. The basic thematic zones of the field-source are «household objects » and «geometrical figures ».
3) Similarity between the objects or their images is usually caught by not dismembered complexes of semantic attributes, in which sensually perceived attributes of objects are represented
4) Not dismembered semantic complexes include the following attributes: "form", "structure", "function", "material", « a contiguity in space », "color", "size".
Conclusions:
1) The children's metaphor is the mechanism of catching similarity between the objects, poorly differentiated in relation to a subject and a word.
2) The field-source of a children's metaphor includes a set of thematic zones. The basic thematic zones of the field-source are «household objects » and «geometrical figures ».
3) Similarity between the objects or their images is usually caught by not dismembered complexes of semantic attributes, in which sensually perceived attributes of objects are represented
4) Not dismembered semantic complexes include the following attributes: "form", "structure", "function", "material", « a contiguity in space », "color", "size".
5) Not dismembered semantic complex represents a probability organized structure. Its main attribute is "form". The attributes "structure", "function" and "material" characterize its center, and « a contiguity in space », "color" and "size" - periphery.
Conclusions:
1) The children's metaphor is the mechanism of catching similarity between the objects, poorly differentiated in relation to a subject and a word.
2) The field-source of a children's metaphor includes a set of thematic zones. The basic thematic zones of the field-source are «household objects » and «geometrical figures ».
3) Similarity between the objects or their images is usually caught by not dismembered complexes of semantic attributes, in which sensually perceived attributes of objects are represented
4) Not dismembered semantic complexes include the following attributes: "form", "structure", "function", "material", « a contiguity in space », "color", "size".
5) Not dismembered semantic complex represents a probability organized structure. Its main attribute is "form". The attributes "structure", "function" and "material" characterize its center, and « a contiguity in space », "color" and "size" - periphery.
6) The success of the child in his speech activity, the processes of speech perception and production, are determined by the degree his cognitive metaphor model formation.
Conclusions:
Thanks for attention!
20
Cognitive model of children’s metaphor
Tamara I. DotsenkoPerm State Pedagogical University
614000, Perm, Siberskaya,24,
Olga V. ShabalinaPerm Krai In-Servise Theacher Traiming Institute
614017, Perm, Lebedeva,2
21