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COGNITIONND ECISION

MAKING

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ECISION MAKING

Decision making can be regarded

as the mental processes(cognitive process) resulting inthe selection of a course ofaction among several

alternatives. Every decisionmaking process produces afinal choice The output can bean action or an opinion of

choice.

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- :gical and systematic decision making process helps you

ress the critical elements that result in a good decision

.minate the chances of missing important factors

:Systematic Approach to Decision Making

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:ere are six steps to making an effective decision. .reate a constructive environment.. .enerate good alternatives.. .xplore these alternatives.. .hoose the best alternative.. .heck your decision.communicate your decision, and take action

INVOLVED IN EFFECTIVE DECISION MAKI

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A CONSTRUCTIVE ENVIRON

1

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REATE A CONSTRUCTIVE ENVIRONME

,tive environment for successful decision making make sure y

bjectiveocess ---- - -vroom yetton jago model

t peopleo be heard --- stepladder technique

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your leadership style to the situation and decisio

s

tive styles

inations of the two

- -Vroom Yetton Jago Decision Model

Deciding How to De

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TEPLADDER TECHNIQUEDeveloped by

,Steven Rogelberg

-Janet Barnes Farrell

,and Charles Lowe in 1992

It encourages all members tocontribute on an individual

level BEFORE being influenced.by anyone else

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GENERATEGOOD

ALTERNATIVES

2

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This step is critical to make an

effective decision. The more goodoptions you consider, the morecomprehensive your final decision

will be.

Generate good alternatives

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Brainstormingis probably the most

popular method of.generating ideas

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XPLORE THEALTERNATIVES

3

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ion of realistic alternatives, then you'll need to evaluate th

EXPLORE THEALTERNATIVES

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Thinking Hatsking at a Decision from All Points of V

:hite Hat , With this thinking hat you.focus on the data available

:ed Hat , Wearing the red hat you look,at the decision using intuition gut

, .reaction and emotion

:lack Hat , When using black hat thinking,look at things pessimistically cautiously.and defensively

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:ellow Hat The yellow hat helps.you to think positively It is the

optimistic viewpoint that helpsyou to see all the benefits of the

decision

:reen Hat The Green Hat stands.for creativity

:lue Hat The Blue Hat stands for.process control

CONTINUED

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Choose best alternative

4

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.arious factors This helps you compare unlike facto

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heck Your

5

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,The first part of this is an intuitive stepwhich involves testing the decisions you'vemade against your own experience.

A second part involves BLIND SPOT ANALYSIS to

-review whether common decision making problems- , ,like over confidence escalating commitment or

group think -may have undermined the decision.making process

6

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COMMUNICATE YOUR

DECISION

AND MOVE TO ACTION

6

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.d involved in implementing it Talk about why you chose the

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Businesses are highly interdependent,on each other their suppliers and

.their customers Decisions are not.taken in isolation The effects ofany decision will depend criticallyon the reactions of other groups in

.the market There fore the decisionshave to be taken systematically and

, .cautiously as far as possible

Importance of decisionmaking in businesses

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Good decision making is an essentialskill for career success generally, and

effective leadership particularly.

However, if you makepoor decisions, your team risks failure

and your time as a leader will, mostlikely, be brutally short.

CONCLUSION