Title生業としての土器づくり--エチオピア西南部における土器づくりの地域間比較研究にむけて (特集 地域研究の前線)

Author(s) 金子, 守恵

Citation アジア・アフリカ地域研究 (2007), 6(2): 522-539

Issue Date 2007-03

URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/80072

Right

Type Departmental Bulletin Paper

Textversion publisher

Kyoto University

6-2 2007 3 Asian and African Area Studies, 6 (2): 522-539, 2007

522

* Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

2006 7 31 , 2006 11 7

*

Pottery Making by Ari Women Artisans as Their Livelihood:

Towards the Comparison of Pottery Makings in Southwestern Ethiopia

Kaneko Morie*

This paper examines the characteristics of Ari women artisans who make pottery in Southwestern Ethiopia, focusing on how they use local materials to make pots and how they ensure their livelihood by communicating with users who discriminate against artisans who produce pots.

Analyzing the production by four potters in both the rainy and dry seasons, I found that their pots always sold out in the local market, even when the number produced varied because of the weather conditions. In interviews with users and makers, aimed at evaluating pottery making, users rated durable pots positively. They reported that some pots do not last long, even those recommended by their friends. Users tend to form a special relationship, known as jaala, with potters who make durable pots especially for specifi c users. Potters tend to develop and change their unique pottery-making styles by altering their hand and fi nger movement patterns, in order to produce durable pots that satisfy their customers.

These fi ndings show that Ari pottery making not only has a technological element but also involves cultural and social processes, and that these factors determine how Ari potters select the raw materials to make durable pots that will satisfy their clients. I regard their hand and fi nger movement patterns as useful units to analyze each potter’s learning patterns and process of creating new techniques and to compare with potter’s technological variations among the several ethnic groups of Southwestern Ethiopia.

は　じ　め　に

523

1．目的と方法

1.1　先行研究

2

Herbert 1993; Freeman and Pankhurst 2001

1974, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c, 1990, 1992; Gosselain 1999, 2000; Livingstone

2000

19

Pankhurst 2001: 5-6

Freeman and

Pankhurst 2001

Behailu and Data 2001: 122

1) Gosselain

1999 2000 102

6-2

524

1.2　目的と方法

4 節 2 節

3 節

1998 11 2002 3 1

4 8

60

1) 2

Ingold 1997: 106-107

Wendell 1976

Boas 1982: 267 1920

30 40

1976

525

2．調査地概要

2.1　農耕活動と土器の利用

700

1 10 20 2)

1,000 3,000

dizi 1,600 dawla

1,600 3)

1 haashin 10 3 bergi

4 9 10 30

1999 1,600 M S

1,400 1,000

1988

2

2) 1991 11 Gebre 1995 2006

1.5 2

3) 1988: 199 1,600

図 1　調査地域

6-2

526

tika haami4)

wony haami

2 1

60

50 1 tila 5) 2

aksh 3 disti 4 jebena 1 4 6) 130 12

2004

16 7)

4) Ensete ventricosum

1,500 3,000

4 1

1988

Brandt et al. 1997

5) tila til

6) 10 4

7) bun-til bun tila

1

2 til

表 1　アリの世帯で所有されている主な土器の形態

tila

aksh

disti

jebena

527

2.2　土器をつくる人びとと土器づくり

kantsa mana 2

8)

350

mishikan

1

1 10 timad 8 10 1 ha Gebre 1995: 449) 2 11 Gebre 1995

2 1 2 1

12

1

1 2

8) 1970 1975,

1979 1960

2004

9) 1974

6-2

528

1 2

4 2

6

15

表 2　職人の夫が耕作する畑面積と家畜数

* 100 kg 13

G

I. S. 60 3 2 1

A. A. 50 10 3 3

3

1 4

B. G. 60 8 n.d.

50

200

D. G. 20 3

S

A. M. 30 1 1

1

A. I. 60 10 3 4 2

D. S. 30 4 3 4

A. B. 30 1 1 1

1

2

* timad 10 a Gebre 1995: 44 8 10 1 ha

2001 3 6

529

2.3　地域内で流通するアリの土器

60 1 12

2 1996 1,800

20

2001 2002 4 15

10 33 8 21 3

4 5,000 15 3 6,000 9

6,000 8 1,000 24 6,000

10 1 4 10

1 2.5 1 12

12 30

図 2　形の変化に着目した土器（tila）の成形段階

6-2

530

1 3

4 30

3．世帯の家計を担う土器づくり

3.1　定期市における土器の販売収入と支出

2006 3 1,600

10

2004

M

1 3

1998 11 2001 1 M

1

8

3

表 3　4 人の職人による土器生産個数

5 10 5 24 12 21 1 4

D. G. 20 21 33

M. D. 60 8 21

I. S. 50 8 10

A. A. 40 12 18

2001

531

S A. M. M 2 1

4

図 4　職人 A. M. の製作した土器の種類と個数

図 3　M 定期市に土器をもってきた職人数および定期市で販売されていた土器の個数1998 11 23 2002 1 24 58 12:00

13:30 S M 1 B GA M 3

6-2

532

2005b:

207-218 I. S.

A. M. 12

4 17 22 300 1 13

7

2 6

5 2 1 10)

50 1

30 400 11)

4

10) 1

11) 10 10

表 4　4 名の職人が 10 日間に成形した土器個数

D. G. 10 9 6 0 0 15 27

M. D. 60 2 3 2 2 9 21

I. S. 50 2 2 3 0 7 21

A. A. 40 0 0 7 1 8 24

A. A. 2 3 7 M. D.

A. A. 3 D. G. 1.5

2 1 13 2001 6 9 18

533

3.2　土器をやりとりする

200

20

3 5

12)

aani kot

wanna 13)

A. M.

12 4 A. M.

3 A. M.

A. M.

1.5 A. M. A. M.

2.5

3 A. M.

1

12)

13) 7 2005b: 161

6-2

534

A. M. 1 A. M.

1 メートル A. M.

A. M.

A. M. 2.5 50

2001 12 4 M

14)

jaala 15)

3.3　土器づくりの独自性

aani kot gara

14) K 2001 1 16 19

15)

Gebre 1995

535

2005a

2001 D. G. B

G

2 B

G

D. G.

3 4

D. G.

D. G.

G 2 16)

D. G. 60 17)

2005b

16) 1 toninda G

2 kinna

17) 1 2 2

1 2

2005b

6-2

536

D. G. B

G D. G.

20

4．考　　　察

4.1　生業としての土器づくりの特徴

1

1

A B

D. G.

537

4.2　生業としての土器づくりの地域間比較へむけて

Gosselain 2000: 205-206

18)

6-2

538

謝　　辞

2005

1 5 8

10 08041059 1999

21 COE

引　用　文　献

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