code of practice for construction of flue-curing tobacco barns (1985)

5/22/2018 Code of Practice for Construction of Flue-curing Tobacco Barns (1985)

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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

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timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

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( Reaffirmed 1997 )


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IS:4469 - 1985

I ndian St andardCODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION

OF FLUE-CURING TOBACCO BARNS( First Revision

-. _~~~Tobacco and Tobacco Products Sectional Committee AFDC 13

ChairmanDR N. C. GOPALACHARI

Members

RepesentingCentral Tobacco Research Institute ( ICAR ), Rajahmundry

DR B. V. KAMESWAR~ RAO ( Alternate toDr N. C. Gopalachari )AORIOULTURAL MARKETINO ADVISER TO Directorate of Marketing Inspection ( Ministry of Agriculture ),THE GOVERNMENT0~ INDIA FaridabadSENIOB MARKETING OFFIOER ( AlternateSHRI K. K. BAHL The Vazir Sultan Tobacco Co Ltd, HyderabadCHAIRMAN Tobacco Board, GunturSHRI K. CRANDRANDR ABHIJIT DE ( AlternateCHIEF CHEMISTDEPUTY CHIEF CHEMIST ( AlternateBRIG S. K. DIWANSHRI K. S. KRISHNAMURTHY ( AlternateDR P. DIWAKARSHRI H. U. PHOPHARIA ( AlfsrnatcSHRI K. V. KRISHNAMURTHYDR S. S. RAO KOVVALI ( AlternateSHRI S. KORISHRI N. RAJENDRAN ( AlternateSHRI S. B. LALDR B. S. MISRADR B. C. GROSHAL ( AlternateDR G. J. PATELSHRI T. D. PRASADA RAOSHRI A. SANYALFACTORY MANAGER AlternateSHRI N. SHANYUKHA RAOSHRI S. K. VASUDEVASHRI S. P. UBEROI ( AlternateBrt~a R. N. VERMALT-COL K. N. ACHARYA ( AlternateSHRI T. PURNANANDAM,Director ( Agri Food )

Godfrey Phillips India Ltd, BombayCentral Revenues Control Laboratory ( Ministry of Finance ),New DelhiTechnical Standardization Committee ( Foodstuffs ) ( Ministry of FoodCivil Supplies ), New DelhiGolden Tobacco Co Ltd, BombayI.T.C. Limited, CalcuttaDirertrtes of Tobacco Development ( Ministry of Agriculture ),aAssociation of Zarda Industry, DelhiDirectorate General of Health Services ( Ministry of Health FamilyWelfare ), New DelhiIndian Council of Agricultural Research, New DelhiI.T.C. Limited ( ILTD Division ), GunturNational Tobacco Co of India Ltd, CalcuttaHyderabad Engineering Scientific Consultants, HyderabadNava Bharat Enterprises Limited ( Cigarette Division ), HyderabadQuartermaster Generals Branch ( Ministry of Defence ), New DelhiDirector General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member

SecretarySHRI S. K. DAS GUPTAJoint Director ( Agri Food ), IS1

@ Copyright 1986INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTIONThis publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or inpart by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement ofcopyright under the said Act.


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IS : 4469 - 1985

I ndian St andardCODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION

OF FLUE-CURING TOBACCO BARNSFi rst Rev i si on

0. FOREWORD8.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) wasadopted by the Indian Standards Institution on28 February 1985, after the draft finalized by theTobacco and Tobacco Products Sectional Com-mittee had been approved by the Agricultural andFood Products Division Council.8.2 Curing is an important aspect in the productionof flue-cured tobacco and plays a vital role indetermining the quality of the finished product. Forachieving this, the barns should be so constructedas to ensure efficient control over the temperatureand humidity in the barn. The main considerationsprompting this revision are fuel economy and savingin time of,loading and curing.

0.3 This Indian Standard was first published in1967. With the proven advantages of the low-profile barns over the traditional barns, this revisionis prepared.0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether aparticular requirement of this standard is compliedwith, the final value, observed or calculated, ex-pressing the result of a test or analysis, shall berounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960 Rulesfor rounding off numerical values ( revised . Thenumber of significant places retained in the roundedoff value should be the same as that of the specifiedvalue in this standard.

1. SCOPE1.1 This standard specifies the method of construc-tion and other related requirements of flue-curingtobacco barns.1.2 This standard does not cover the detailsregarding furnaces used in the barns.2. LOCATION2.1 The barn shall be located on raised and well-drained site, not liable to flooding and inundation,In choosing the site of the barn, the direction ofthe normally prevailing winds and proximity oftrees shall be taken into account.2.2 The barns shall be located at a place operation-ally convenient to the farmers.2.3 The location of the ancillary structures inrelation to the barns shall be such as to serve asgood wind breakers.3. TYPES3.1 There shall be two types: (a) Type A ( suitableto Karnataka), and (b) Type B ( suitable toAndhra Pradesh and Gujarat ).

This differentiation was necessitated to suit thevarying local conditions and preferences.

4. DIMENSIONS4.1 The dimensions of the two barns shall be asfollows:

a) Type A: 7.32 x 488 x 3.96 mb) Type B: 7.32 x 4.88 x 3.20 m

4.2 As the leaf size tends to be larger in areas likeNorthern light soils ( NLS ) where topping of thecrop is advocated, the height of the barn has to beincreased such that the distance between consecu-tive tiers is 60 cm instead of the normal 45 cm. Insuch cases the height of the walls up to gable willbe 3.65 m instead of 3.2 m.5. FOUNDATION5.0 The depth of foundation of the barn shalldepend on the soil type and region where the barnis located.5.1 Foundation should be at least 114 m deep forType A barn and 1.37 m deep for Type B barn.The earth work excavation is to be marked correctto the dimensions depending on the type of thebarn so that the final measurements after excavationare as follows:

Type A : 114 x 0.76 mType B : 1.37 x 0.99 m

2


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IS:4469 - 1985with outstone slabs over doors, windows andventilators may be used in place of RCClintels.

5.2 Basement5.2.1 Type A - A bed concrete of 023 m thick( 1 : 4 : 8 ) has to be laid well rammed and curedat least for 3 days before commencement of furtherwork. Basement construction shall be carried outwith sized red stones with red earth up to 0.91 mand height up to ground level maintaining a widthof 0.61 m. The basement above the ground levelshall have the dimensions of 0.53 m width and

0.61 m height, and shall have cement mortar point-ing on both sides ( Fig. 1 ).5.2.2 ljpe B - Packing with boulder stones upto a height of 0.46 m with 50 percent gravel shallbe done followed by watering and ramming. As asecond layer, cement concrete ( 1 : 5 : 10 ) is to belaid up to a height of O-3 m, well rammed and curedfor at least 3 days before commencing further work.This is followed by brickwork in foundation in twofootings each of O-3 m height in cement mortar( 1 : 6 ) and packed filling of the trenches up toground level ( Fig. 2 ).

5.3 Plinth Slab and Lintels5.3.1 TypeA - 0.13 mm thickRCC( 1 :4:4)band is to be provided at the basement level. Lintels

5.3.2 Type B - 0.15 m thick RCC band at baselevel and 0.10 m thick RCC band at lintel level willincrease the stability of the structure. The requirednumber of RCC lintels over windows, doors andventilators should be well cured at lrast for 10 daysbefore commencement of further work.6. FLOOR6.1 The floor of both the types of barn shall bekutcha or mudflooring with earth filling up to therequired level.7. WALLS7.1 Type A - Walls of 0.36 m thickness are to beconstructed with burnt brick in red earth up to aheight of 3.96 m at the eve ends and 5.64 m at thegable ends leaving holes for fixing the wooden polesof the tiers. The walls are plastered with red earthinside and with cement mortar ( 1 : 6 ) outside.

--lI I

6

II bm

4

3.96m

III1 -~38C+- 1.53ml I I

LCC BAND PLINTH SLAB

SIZE STOFlE MASONARYFOR FOUNDATION AND TBASEMENTCC 1:4:8FOR BED

FIG. 1 CROSS SECTIONWITH STRUCTURALDETAILS(KARNATAKA BARN)

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IS : 4469 - 1985

,-TOP VENTILATION

COLLAR TRUSS

V

BOUL 0 E RS PACKEDWITH GRAVEL-_I 99Cm C_Fro. 2 CROSSEamoN WITHSTnuamRAL DETAILS ANDHRABARN )

7.2 Type B - Walls of O-36 m thick are to beconstructed with burnt brick with cement mortar( 1 : 6 ) to a height of 3.2 m at the eve ends and427 m at the gable ends leaving holes for fixing thewooden poles of the tiers. The walls have to bewell-watered and cured.8. ROOF8.1 Type A - The roof is laid with Mangaloretiles which are pointed with cement lime mortarcomposite mixture. Roof frame is to be made ofwooden collar trusses, wall plates, rafters, reapers,etc, in the usual way.8.2 Type B - The roof is made of G.I. sheet( 0.56 mm thickness ) on country wood collartrusses, rafters, wall plates, reapers, etc, in the usualway.9. DOORS9.1 Type A and Type B - One door doubleshutter type ) of size l-83 x 091 m openable tooutside is to be erected on plinth slab. The shuttersare covered with G.I. sheets ( see Fig. 3 and 4 ).

10. OBSERVATION WINDOWS

10.1 There shall be two types of observationwindows, one meant for inspecting the leaves duringcuring and the other meant for observing thetemperature and humidity inside the barn periodi-cally by means of a curometer.

10.1.1 TyQc A and TyQe B There shall be threeleaf observation windows of single shutter type open-able outside for both the types of the barn. One ofthem ( W10*71 x O-71 m ) is situated on the BCside while the other two ( Wfl.99 x 0.68 m ) aresituated on the CD side. Both the windows arefully covered with G.I. sheet and fixed at a heightof 3.1 m from plinth level ( see Fig. 5, 6 and 7 ).

10.1.2 The curometer window ( I ) for both thetypes of barn is made of 0.46 x 0.46 m woodenframe with fixed glass pane and is situated on sideCD at a height of 15 m from the ground level( see Fig. 6 ).4


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46Cm F.53mL rCG I SHEET ROOF

-f- - -g-a- __@__ Q-

t I 1- -Q- -@-4% -1.83m, 4- .-A-I IV V5

/

/

IS :4489 - 1985L

f

WOODENPOSTSFOR TIERS

/-CHIMNEY

1FIG SIDE ELEVATION ON AR SIDE KARNATAKA BARN )

,- MANGLORC TILE ROOF

__-----___-----TIER POLES

FIG. 4 SIDE ELBVATION ON AB SIDE ANDHRA BARN )

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IS : 4469 - 1985-.-_

CGI SHEET

ROPE

-_-_-_----------------e--m -------------_---------_-~~ _= -_ -

Ih 1FIG. 5 SIDE ELEVATIONON BC SIDE ANDHRA BARN )II CG I SHEET ROOF iII II I

ROPEWOODEN POSTS FOR TlRES

x&r-

I_FIG. 6 SIDE EL.EVATION N CD SIDE ANDHRA BARN )

6

-&-1-I--e-Q-


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IS:4469 - 1985

WI 7lCm.cl I ,_ 1Cm -3.1 m

FIG. 7 SIDF, ELEVATION ON BC SIDE ( KARNATAKA BARN )10.1.3 The curometer shall be in line with the

observation window ( T ) and roughly located inthe centre of the barn. The curometer will bedrawn towards the window by means of a suitablepulley and rope arrangement for recording theinside temperature and humidity.11. VENTILATORS11.1 The ventilators shall be constructed at the topand bottom of the barns.

11.1.1 Bottom Ventilators- They are of single shutter type( 0.2 i.31 m ) made of wooden frame and G-1.cover fixed with two hinges and openable outsidevertically. The location of the bottom ventilators( V is shown in Fig. 8.

Type B - Single shutter type ventilators madeof wooden frame and G.I. cover ( 0.71 x 030 m )are to be fixed on the hinges at the top so as tobecome openable outside vertically. The locationof the bottom ventilators ( V is shown in Fig. 9.11.2 Top Ventilators

11.2.1 Type A - There shall be two top ventila-tors of the box and shutter type. The boxdimensions are 2.13 x 0.31 m and the top shutterdimensions are 2.59 x 0.46 m. The top shutter

opens sideways ( Fig. 10 ). The shutters areopened and closed by sliding arrangement throughthree pivots and hooks made of 1.27 cm MS rodswhich are operatable from ground level by guideropes passing through pulleys.

In order to protect from the outside cold windsentering into the barns, it is recommended toprovide louvers above the top ventilators.

Type B - The two top ventilators ( each 1,93 mlong ) with G.I. sheets as covers are arranged onthe ridge so as to open or close by pulley and ropearrangement passing through the frame at the top( see Fig. 5 ).12. ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES12.1 The arrangement of flues is the same in boththe types of barn ( see Fig. 8 and 9 ). The fluepipes shall be supported by brick pedestals and theheight of the pipe from the ground level shall be0.3 m ( see Fig. 11 and 12 ). The spacing betweenwall and the flue should be not more than 22 cm.12.2 The flue pipes shall be made of mild steelsheet of minimum thickness of 0.56 mm. Thediameter of the pipe shall be at least 300 mm.

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5.59n

Dw 7.32 m +

1 8.03m c

FIG. 8 GROUNDPLAN WITHFLUE PIPE ARRANCJEMENT(KARNATAKABARN)

5.59m

4.88m

>

L

D. -

FLUE PIPE C I PIPE

\ t0 30Cm/

4 \

< 7.32 m wc 8.03m I

FIG. 9 GROUND PLAN WITH FLUE PIPE ARRANCEMENT(ANDHRA BARN

LFURNACE

8


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IS:4469 -1985

6Cm--

I , 31 CmROP VENT11 ATOR CLOSED2 59m2 13m wt 1. ir 331cm _ -vi 6- -o;,l -+d J ,_ - ROOF TOPSLIOING LID (Pl~~KlSmrn WITH G I StiFFT COVERING

ON TOI AND SIO?S)

7 5 Cm OPENING

TOP VENllLAfOR OPENED

MS ROD HOOK

tISLIDING clot PLANKIS~~ WITH GISNFFT COVERING

ON TOP AN0 SIOES)h. 10 TOP VENTILATORS IN OPERATION KARNATAKA BARN )

WALL p I PIPE

02007 / /-

FLUEPIPE

CHIMNEY

Fro. 11 SIDE VIEW OF F~J ES KARNATAKABARN )9


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IS : 4469 - 1985

WALL\

r LUE PIPEi-lL

LC I PIPEFIG. 12 SIDE VIEW OF

13. CHIMNEY13.1 The chimney pipe shall be made of the samematerial as used for the flue pipes and the diametershall be 200 mm. It shall be fixed at a heightof 0.30 m above level of the furnace. The heightof the chimney shall be slightly higher than theheight of the roof in order to prevent the smokefrom entering into the barn through top ventilators( see Fig. 13 and 14 ).

FLUES ANDHRA BARN )14. TIERS14.1 Type A - The vertical distance of the bottomtier from the floor of the barn shall be 1.53 m andthe other tiers are spaced at 0.76 m vertically andl-2 m horizontally ( see Fig. 4 ).14.2 Type B - The vertical distance of the bottomtier from the floor of the barn shall be 1.53 m andthe other tiers are spaced at 0.46 m vertically andl-20 m horizontally ( see Fig. 3 ).

-----------__--------f-URNACE30Cm / 1,I tROPEII

FIG. 13 SIDE ELEVATION ON AD SIDE KARNATAKA BARN )10


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IS : 4469 - 1985

FIG. 14 SIDE ELEVATIONON AD SIDE ( ANDHRA BARN )15. FURNACE 16. HEAT SAVING DEVICE15.1 The furnace shall be provided for heating thebarns. The fuel used shall be either coal or wood 16.1 As a heat saving device jacket ( see Fig. 15 )( see Fig. 13 and 14 ), may be attached to the furnace pipe in the barn.15.2 A wire mesh shall be provided over the furnace The jacket allows the outside cold air to enter theand flue pipes at O-6 m from the ground level to inside annular space where it gets heated and theprevent fire hazards. preheated air will be let into the barn through theair vents located inside the barn.

HOT AIR OUTLET PIPE

HOT AIR JACKET

/l-0170L COLD AIR fNLET PIPE

All dimensions in millimetres.FIG. 15 HOT AIR JACKETFOR CAST IRON PIPE

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code of practice for construction of flue-curing tobacco barns (1985)

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