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Coconut Inventory Activities in the Pacific ? Wolf Forstreuter

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Coconut Resource Known ? Kiribati has 3,827,913 coconut palms Kiribati has 3,827,913 coconut palms Believable? Believable? LINE GROUP Atoll Name NoPlotsDECSDCSCCTotal CHRISTMAS ISLAND 20153,863164,719133,722452,304 FANNING ISLAND 20259,9048,8569,794278,554 WASHINGTON ISLAND 20150,751798196151,745 FLINT 2050,9121,2181,07953,209 CAROLINE 2013,0383,9782,74719,763 MALDEN NILNo Palms STARBUCK NILNo Palms VOSTOK NILNo Palms SUM 955,575

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Palm Resource Mapping with VHR Satellite Images A.Separation of coconut palm from other vegetation possible B.Density stratification is possible C.Counting is possible in scattered and semi dense stands with 95% accuracy (dense underestimation) D.Field work necessary but reduced to statistical minimum

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Display VHR Image Data Texture of pan-sharpened VHR image data allows to separate palm and natural forest

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Density Classes A.Scattered 25 50 palms / hectare B.Semi dense 50 150 palms / hectare C.Dense > 150 palms / hectare

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Delineation of Palm Density 50 x 50 m grid helps interpretation

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Selection of Sample Plots for Coconut Palm Counting 1. Select are only plots that are fully covered by one stratum 2. Randomly selection of about 20 % plots 3. Counting palms / plot

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Counting Palms in Plots Placing a dot on top of every visible palm Placing a dot on top of every visible palm Digital overlay with grid and counting in MapInfo (GIS software) dots per grid cell Digital overlay with grid and counting in MapInfo (GIS software) dots per grid cell Transfer to Access Transfer to Access

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Counting in MapInfo MapInfo automatically counts the number of palms within the plots using SQL select SQL Result

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Analysis in Access SumSum MinMin MaxMax MeanMean No PlotsNo Plots Area plotsArea plots Area StratumArea Stratum (Pot. No. Plots)(Pot. No. Plots)

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Mapping at SPC and PIC SPC-SOPAC Fiji Agriculture Kiribati Environment Kiribati

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Complete Kiribati and Part of Tuvalu Mapped

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Field Sample Plots Needed Counting palms / hectare in dense stands Counting palms / hectare in dense stands Counting amount of hybrids Counting amount of hybrids Estimation coconut production Estimation coconut production Recording extent of diseases Recording extent of diseases Estimation of palm age Estimation of palm age Estimation of timber volume (diametre and height) Estimation of timber volume (diametre and height) 50 100% under estimation of palms / hectare in dense stands 50 100% under estimation of palms / hectare in dense stands

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Field Plots 40 x 40 m in scattered and semi dense stands 40 x 40 m in scattered and semi dense stands Selection of image sample plots Selection of image sample plots GPS assistance for location identification in the field GPS assistance for location identification in the field

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New Methods of GPS Mapping 4 satellites have to be received to get position 4 satellites have to be received to get position New instruments receive also Russian (and European) satellites New instruments receive also Russian (and European) satellites Own base station allows mapping with sub metre accuracy Own base station allows mapping with sub metre accuracy Satellite image plot can be exactly identified in the field

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Age / Height Measurement Length of 11 leave scares in cm Length of 11 leave scares in cm Height of palm Height of palm Distance to bottom Angle to bottom Angle to top

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Fertility Number of coconuts / bunch Number of coconuts / bunch Three oldest bunches counted Three oldest bunches counted Average calculated Average calculated

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Diseases Top: Stick insect Right: Rhinoceros beetle Top: Stick insect Right: Rhinoceros beetle

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Timber Volume DBH DBH Height Height Form factor Form factor Timber factor Timber factor

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Calculation is Coded Palm Measurements Input PlotNo PalmNo AngleDown AngleUp DistanceDown DBH Length11Leave NoCoconutsB1NoCoconutsB2NoCoconutsB3 Hybrid CoconutBeetle StickInsect 116.6182951434FALSETRUEFALSE 126.21831427810FALSE 137.2172552212FALSE 14-09.2223582642FALSE 158.4223591543FALSE TRUE 16-0121940117443FALSETRUE 17-09193273464FALSE TRUE 1810153087563FALSE TRUE 197.8223575469FALSE TRUE 1107.8203175554FALSETRUE 1118.6183474586FALSETRUE 1128163480666FALSETRUEFALSE 1137.8173570444FALSE TRUE Value per Palm Palm_IDDBHHeightAgeFertilityRB_AttackSI_AttackHybridVolume 0001_00129.49.09283.67TRUEFALSE 0.37 0001_00230.77.92298.33FALSE 0.35 0001_003259.35281.67FALSE 0.28 0001_00434.814.83284FALSE 0.85 0001_00534.513.64254FALSETRUEFALSE0.76 0001_0064017.46253.67TRUE FALSE1.32 0001_00731.512.46274.67FALSETRUEFALSE0.58 0001_00830.212.64254.67FALSETRUEFALSE0.54 0001_00934.812.4276.33FALSETRUEFALSE0.71 0001_01031.112.16264.67TRUE FALSE0.55 0001_01133.611.47256.33TRUE FALSE0.61 0001_012349.97226TRUEFALSE 0.54 0001_01334.610.36254FALSETRUEFALSE0.58

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Harvesting Coconuts It is uneconomic to search for a coconut ! It is uneconomic to carry more than 300m !

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Distance to Road Create buffer zones around tracks and roads Create buffer zones around tracks and roads Overlay over stratified area Overlay over stratified area Recalculate productive area Recalculate productive area

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Thanks Remote sensing, GIS and GPS technology provide new avenues for coconut resource inventories Remote sensing, GIS and GPS technology provide new avenues for coconut resource inventories Utilising these technologies enables quantitative estimation of available resource Utilising these technologies enables quantitative estimation of available resource