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Page 1: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Coal

Page 2: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Coal Facts• Most abundant fossil fuel

– 400 year supply

• 66% of known coal is located in the U.S.

• U.S. is 2nd largest consumer of coal

– China is 1st!

• Most environmentally damaging fossil fuel.

Page 3: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

What is coal?

• Readily combustible rock

• Mostly carbon with small amounts of water and sulfur

Page 4: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Swamp

Page 5: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Coal Formation

– Decomposition of ancient swamp plants• Quick burial • Partially decayed due to anaerobic conditions (some

carbon remains)

– Intense heat & pressure “cooked” remains

– Time – millions of years to form

Page 6: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Formation of Coal

Page 7: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

PEATPEAT

LIGNITELIGNITE

garnero101.asu.edu/glg101/Lectures/L37.ppt

Page 8: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

BITUMINOUSBITUMINOUS

ANTHRACITEANTHRACITE

garnero101.asu.edu/glg101/Lectures/L37.ppt

Page 9: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Grades of CoalGrades of Coal• Lignite (brown coal)

– Low quality– 4,000 BTU/lb

• Bituminous (soft coal)– Most common– 8,300 – 10,500 BTU/lb

• Anthracite (hard coal)– Highest carbon content – 98%

• (hottest burning)

– Lowest sulfur content– 14,000 BTU/lb

www.uvawise.edu/philosophy/Hist%20295/ Powerpoint%5CCoal.ppt

http://www.uvawise.edu/philosophy/Hist%20295/%20Powerpoint%5CCoal.ppt
http://www.fi.edu/guide/dukerich/%20coal.html
http://www.scsc.k12.ar.us/.../Members/%20Reynolds/Default.htm
Page 10: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

• The longer it’s been forming, the higher the grade

– Carbon content increases

– Burns hotter & cleaner!

Page 11: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

World Coal Deposits – Most abundant where?

Page 12: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

U.S. Coal Deposits

Page 13: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Extracting Coal: Surface Mining

-for coal that is buried less than 200 feet deep

- cheaper

Page 14: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

• Mountaintop mining

Pictures: http://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2009/03/removing_mountains.html

• NPR clip – January 2009

Page 15: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Extracting Coal: Underground Mining

• for coal buried 200-1,000 ft. deep

Page 16: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1
Page 17: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

What is it used for?

• Burned to generate electricity– ½ of electricity in US is from coal

• Making steel– used to smelt iron ore into iron

Page 18: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Environmental Concerns

• Surface mining – removes the top of an entire mountain

• Toxic chemicals – (mercury) leach from waste rock into nearby streams

• Pollution, Acid Rain, & Global Warming – depends on the grade of the coal

Page 19: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1
Page 20: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1
Page 21: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1
Page 22: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bk-jrbCi7Sc&feature=related

• Tour through a coal mine• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkHfnp2czZQ

• Centralia, PA

Page 23: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

Converting Solid Converting Solid CoalCoal

Changing form is slightly better for pollution, but lessens net E

• Coal gasification Synthetic natural gas (SNG)

• Coal liquefaction Synthetic liquid fuels

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_K8jXrtPZQ• Sequestration and climate change applications

Page 24: Coal. Coal Facts Most abundant fossil fuel –400 year supply 66% of known coal is located in the U.S. U.S. is 2 nd largest consumer of coal –China is 1

© Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP

www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

CoalCoal

Cons• Dirtiest fuel, highest carbon dioxide

• Major environmental degradation

• Major threat to health

Pros• Most abundant fossil fuel

• Major U.S. reserves• 300 yrs. at current consumption rates

• High net energy yield


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