cơ sở dữ liệu access
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acess 2007TRANSCRIPT
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C s d liu Access
Bin tp bi:Thu Nguyn
www.princexml.comPrince - Non-commercial LicenseThis document was created with Prince, a great way of getting web content onto paper.
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C s d liu Access
Bin tp bi:Thu Nguyn
Cc tc gi:Thu Nguyn
Phin bn trc tuyn:http://voer.edu.vn/c/33aa829e
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MC LC
1. Gii thiu Microsoft Access2. Table - Bng d liu3. Query - Bng vn tin4. To Form Wizard v Report WizardTham gia ng gp
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Gii thiu Microsoft AccessGII THIU
Microsoft Access l 1 trong 4 phn mm ng dng ca b Microsoft Office(Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, Microsoft PowerPoint).
Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu (HQTCSDL) dng to, x l cc cs d liu.
1. Khi ng: Cch 1: Nhp Start-> Programs-> Microsoft office-> Microsoft Office Access
2003 Cch 2: Nhp vo biu tng
trn thanh Microsoft Office. Mn hnh Access:
Chn Blank Database: nu mun to mi mt file CSDL Chn From Existing file: nu mun m 1 file CSDL c. (i vi Access 97,
chn Open an existing database) Sau khi to hoc m CSDL, mn hnh c dng nh sau:
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1. C s d liu trong Access:
Mi CSDL ca Access c lu tr trong 1 file c ui l .mdb.
Mi CSDL ca Access gm c cc thnh phn sau:
1. Table- bng d liu:
L thnh phn quan trng nht, cha cc d liu cn thit ca CSDL
1. Query-Bng truy vn (Bng vn tin)
Dng tnh ton, x l cc d liu ca Table, Query
1. Form: l cng c to ra cc mu trnh by d liu theo cc dng m ngi sdng mong mun.
2. Report: l cng c to mu v in bo co3. Macro: lnh v m
L tp hp cc lnh c chn, sp xp hp l cho vic t ng ha cc thao tc.
1. Module: n th chng trnh
L phng tin lp trnh trong Access vi ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic.
1. To-M-ng mt CSDL trong Access:1. To mt CSDL mi:
? Bc 1:
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Nu mi khi ng Access th chn Blank Database Nu ang lm vic ti ca s CSDL th nhp menu File/ New Database (hoc
nhp
), ri chn Blank Database
? Bc 2: Ti hp thai File New Database
1. Trong khung Save in: chn a cha CSDL File name : g tn file CSDL Nhp
2. M mt CSDL:
? Bc 1:
Nu mi khi ng Access th chn From Existing file (hoc Open an existingdatabase).
Nu ang lm vic ti ca s CSDL th nhp menu File/ Open Database hocnhp
? Bc 2:Ti hp thai Open
1. Trong khung Look in: chn a cha CSDL Nhp chn file CSDL cn m, nhp
2. ng CSDL:
Nhp menu File/Close
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Table - Bng d liuCu trc ca table:
Table c t chc thnh cc ct (Field) v cc dng (Record).
Khi lm vic vi Table, ta s mt trong 2 ch : Design View hoc Datasheet view:
Datasheet View
1. Ch Design View:
Dng to mi hoc sa cha cu trc ca Table:
1. Vo ch Design View: To mi table:
ca s CSDL, chn lp Table, nhp
-> chn Design View-> OK
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Sa cha cu trc ca Table:
ca s CSDL, chn Table cn sa, nhp
1. Cu trc table- ca s Design View:
Ca s Design view gm 3 ct: Field Name, Data Type, Description v mt bng conField Properties:
Field Name: Khai bo tn ct (Field) Data Type: chn kiu d liu cho Field: Text: Kiu chui Number: kiu s Date/time: Kiu ngy Yes/No: kiu logic (ng/sai) OLE Object: i tng nhng v lin kt (hnh nh) Description: dng gii thch, m t tn ct Field properties: thuc tnh Field: +Field size: kch thc field
+Format: dang hin d liu +Decimal place: s s l.
1. Ra khi ch Design View: Nhp
lu li cu trc table Nu ang to mi Table th phi t tn cho Table v tr li hp thoi: Do
you want to create a primary key now? (chn No)
( mun chuyn qua ch Datasheet th nhp
)
1. Ch Datasheet View:
Ch Datasheet View cho php xem v cp nht d liu ca Table.
Mun vo ch Datasheet View:
Nu ang ca s CSDL, chn table mun cp nht, nhp
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Nu ang ch Design View, nhp
Kha chnh:1. Khi nim:
Mi Table thng c mt mc kha chnh. Kha chnh ca 1 Table c th l mt haykt hp nhiu Field Access phn bit mt Record vi cc record khc trong table.
1. Khai bo kha chnh: Ti ca s CSDL, chn table mun to kha chnh, nhp
Chn cc field c chn lm kha chnh (nhp xm bn tri) Nhp biu tng
-> Nhp
Khai bo quan h gia cc table:1. Khi nim:
Table A c quan h vi table B nu d liu trn Table A c th b sung thm thng tincho table B. Field ging nhau gia 2 table gi l Field quan h.
* Mi quan h 1-1: nu gi tr trn Field quan h ca table A ch xut hin mt ln trnField quan h ca table B v ngc li.
* Mi quan h 1-nhiu: nu gi tr trn Field quan h ca table A xut hin nhiu lntrn Field quan h ca table B.
1. Khai bo quan h gia cc table: Bc 1: nhp menu Tools/ Relationships ( hoc nhp
) Bc 2: Chn cc table cn to quan h, nhp nt
. Sau khi chn xong nhp
Bc 3: Chn field quan h ca Table A, bm gi nt tri chut v ko lnfiled quan h ca Table B. Xut hin hp thoi:
Bc 4Chn
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- Bc 5: Nhp
. Nhp
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Query - Bng vn tinKhi nim:
Query l cng c khai thc v x l d liu, p ng cc nhu cu tra cu d liu cabng d liu.
To mi v xem kt qu mt query:
To mi mt query:
Bc 1: Ti ca s CSDL, chn lp Queries-> nhp
-> chn Design View -> OK
Bc 2: Xc nh cc Table/Query tham gia vn tin ti hp thoi Show Table bng cchchn cc Table/Query ri nhp
. Sau khi chn xong nhp
. (nu chn d Table th nhp vo Table cn xa, nhn Delete. Nu thiu Table thnhp vo
hin li hp thoi Show Table.)
Bc 3: Xc nh quan h gia cc Table nu c nhiu Table tham gia vn tin
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Bc 4: Xc nh ni dung vn tin nh sau:
- Xc nh cc Field tham gia vn tin ti dng Field:
* Nu Field c sn th c 2 cch chn:
Nhp chut ti Field cn ly ni dung v ko vo dng Field Nhp p ti Field cn ly ni dung
* Nu Field cha c th phi to Field tnh ton.
- Xc nh ch tiu sp xp ti dng Sort
Ascending: tng dn Descending: gim dn (not sorted): khng sp xp
- Xc nh n/hin ni dung cc Field ti dng Show
- t iu kin lc d liu ti cc dng Criteria, or
Bc 5: Lu query
Nhp File/Save hoc nhp
, t tn cho Query ->OK
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Xem kt qu Query:
* Ti ca s CSDL:
+ Chn Query cn m
+ Nhp
: m query ch Design View ( hiu chnh)
+ Nhp
: m query ch Datasheet View ( hin th d liu)
*Nu query ang m, c th s dng cc biu tng:
+
: chuyn t ch Design View sang ch Datasheet View
+
: chuyn t ch Datasheet View sang ch Design View
To Field tnh ton trong Query:
Quy tc: :
Cc field m tn c khong trng gia, vit trong biu thc phi t trong du [ ].
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Tn field tnh ton khng c t trng vi tn Field c mt trong cc Table/Querytham gia vn tin.
Hm IIF:
IIF(iu kin, biu thc 1, biu thc 2)
Tr v gi tr ca biu thc 1 nu iu kin ng, tr v gi tr ca biu thc 2 nu iukin sai.
V d: a=4,b=3
IIF(aProperties Nhp biu tng
trn Toolbar (hoc nhp nt phi chut -> chn Properties)
Chnh thuc tnh:
- Format: dng hin d liu
- Decimal places: s s l
- Caption: tiu ct
Hin th mt s Record theo la chn Top Value:
Nhp chut ti biu tng
(Top Value) v chn theo cc ch tiu sau:
All: Hin tt c record ca Query
5: Hin 5 record u tin ca Query
. 25: Hin 5 record u tin ca Query .
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Cc php ton:
- Cc php ton s hc:
+ Cng
- Tr
* Nhn
/ Chia
\ Php chia nguyn
Mod Chia ly phn d
- Php ton ghp chui:
C php: &
Cng dng: ghp biu thc chui 1 vo biu thc chui 2.
V d: ghp 2 field HO v TEN thnh field HOTEN
HOTEN:HO& &TEN
- Cc php ton so snh:
K hiu Ni dung
= bng
> ln hn
< nh hn
>= ln hn hoc bng
-
A Not A
True False
False True
AND:
A B A AND B
True True True
True False False
False True False
False False False
OR:
A B A OR B
True True True
True False True
False True True
False False False
p dng cho vic t iu kin trong query:
iu kin t nhiu ct vit trn cng mt dng th c th hiu theo php tonAND
- iu kin t nhiu ct vit trn nhiu dng th c th hiu theo php ton OR
V d : Lc ra nhng hc sinh c im Ton v L t 8 tr ln.
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- Php i snh mu:
C php: LIKE
Cng dng: so snh chui d liu vi mu d liu sau LIKE. Nu ging th tr v True,ngc li tr v False
*: i din cho nhiu k t
?: i din cho mt k t
#: i din cho mt ch s.
V d: nu k t th 3 ca lp l A th im thm l 1, ngc li l 0.
Diemthem: IIF(LOP like ??A*,1,0)
- php ton BETWEENAND
C php:
Between and
Cng dng:
Cho kt qu = True nu gi tr em so snh nm trong gii hn gia gi tr 1 v gi tr 2,ngc li cho kt qu l False.
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V d: Nu mua hng trong thng 4 th tin phi tr bng 90% thnh tin, ngc likhng c gim gi)
Tienphaitra: iif(ngaymua between #1/4/2008# and #30/4/2008#,thanhtien*90/100,thanhtien)
- Php ton IN:
C php:
In (,,,)
Cng dng: Cho kt qu bng True nu gi tr cn so snh bng mt trong cc gi tr:gi tr 1>,,,. Ngc li tr v False.
V d: nu hc sinh thuc 2 lp 12A1 v 12A2 th hc bng l 200000, ngc li bng0
Hocbong:IIF(lop in(12A1,12A2),200000,0)
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To Form Wizard v Report WizardTo Form bng Wizard:
Bc 1: To Query lm ngun d liu cho form (nu cn). Nu to Form dng Main/Sub th trong query lm ngun d liu cho Sub form phi c mt Field ging vi Field(c chn lm kha chnh) c trn main Form.
Buc 2: Ti ca s CSDL, chn lp Form, nhp
, chn Form Wizard -> OK
* Nu to Form n (cc Field a vo Form ly t mt Table) th:
Bc 3a: Trong khung Tables/Queries, chn Table c cha cc Field cn a ln Form
Bc 4a: Nhp chn Field trong hp thoi Available Field ri nhp
, s a Field chn vo hp Selected Field.(Cn nu chn
s a tt c cc Field ca bng ang chn vo Form) Sau nhp
Bc 5a: Chn kiu trnh by Form:
Columnar: sp cc Field theo ct Tabular: Trnh by Form dng bng Datasheet: Trnh by Form dng DataSheet Justified: cc Field c sp t tri qua phi
Sau nhp
Bc 6a: Chn kiu trnh by nn v d liu cho Form, nhp Next
Bc 7: t tiu cho Form, ri nhp Finish.
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* Nu to Form dng Main/sub (cc Field a vo Form ly t nhiu Table/Queries):
Bc 3b: Trong khung Tables/Queries, chn Table c cha cc Field cn a ln MainForm, chn cc Field trong khung Available Field a vo Selected Field a lnMain Form
Bc 4b: : Trong khung Tables/Queries, chn Table c cha cc Field cn a ln SubForm, chn cc Field trong khung Available Field a vo Selected Field a lnSub Form. Nhp
Bc 5b: Chn hnh thc trnh by Form, nhp
Bc 6b: Chn kiu trnh by cho SubForm, nhp
Bc 7b: Chn kiu trnh by cho Main Form, nhp
Bc 8b: t tiu cho Form, nhp
Xem kt qu Form:
- Ti ca s CSDL, chn Form cn xem
- Nhp Open: m Form ch xem d liu
- Nhp Design: m Form ch Thit k
To Report bng Wizard:
B1: To Query lm ngun d liu cho Report (Nu cn)
B2: Chn lp Report-> nhp
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Nu mun to Report dng Wizard th chn Report Wizard->OK Nu mun to Report dng nhn th chn Label Wizard -> chn Table hoc
query lm ngun d liu cho Report ti mc: Choose the table or query wherethe object's data comes from.
1. To Report dng Wizard:
B3a: Trong khung Tables/ Queries, chn Table hoc query c cha cc Field cn avo Report. Trong khung Available Field, chn cc Field a vo Report, sau nhp
B4a: Chn cc Field lm cc cp phn nhm, nhp
B5a: Chn Field lm ch tiu sp xp, nhp
B6a: Chn hnh thc trnh by d liu trn Report, nhp
B7a: Chn kiu Report, nhp
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B8a: t tiu cho Report, nhp
2) To Report dng nhn:
B3b: Trong khung Label type, chn loi nhn (thng chn 5096)
+ Dimensions: kch thc nhn
+ Number Across: s nhn trn mt hng ngang
-> Nhp
B4b: Chn Font ch, c ch -> Nhp
B5b: Trong khung Prototype label, xy dng ni dung nhn->
B6B: t tn nhn -> nhp
Xem kt qu Report:
Ti ca s CSDL, chn Report cn xem Nhp
: m Report ch Print Prewiew (xem trang in) Nhp
: m Report ch thit k
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iu chnh thit k Form-Report: (vo ch Design)
Chnh Font ch cho i tng:
- Nhp chn i tng (gi Shift chn nhiu i tng)
- Nhp
: Chn Font ch, c ch
Thay i kch thc i tng:
Nhp chn i tng, t chut ti 1 gc hoc 1 cnh ca i tng, khi chut c dngmi tn 2 u th ko chut thay i kch thc.
Di chuyn i tng:
- t chut ti gc trn bn tri ca i tng, khi chut c dng bn tay (bn tay 1ngn) th ko chut di chuyn i tng.
- t chut bn trong i tng, khi chut c dng ?(bn tay 5 ngn) th ko chut dichuyn tt c cc i tng ang chn.
Chnh mu cho i tng:
- Nhp chn i tng cn hiu chnh
- Chnh mu ch ca d liu bn trong i tng, nhp
- Chn mu nn cho i tng, nhp
- Chn kiu ng vin:
hoc
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Tham gia ng gp
Ti liu: C s d liu Access
Bin tp bi: Thu Nguyn
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/33aa829e
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Gii thiu Microsoft Access
Cc tc gi: Thu Nguyn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/2ce52648
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Table - Bng d liu
Cc tc gi: Thu Nguyn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/e5aab0a5
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Query - Bng vn tin
Cc tc gi: Thu Nguyn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/ea188e6b
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: To Form Wizard v Report Wizard
Cc tc gi: Thu Nguyn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/84a61d93
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam
Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (Vietnam Open Educational Resources VOER) c h tr bi Qu Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca chng trnh l xy dng khoTi nguyn gio dc M min ph ca ngi Vit v cho ngi Vit, c ni dung phongph. Cc ni dung u tun th Giy php Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) 4.0do cc ni dung u c th c s dng, ti s dng v truy nhp min ph trcht trong trong mi trng ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu sau cho ton x hi.
Vi s h tr ca Qu Vit Nam, Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (VOER) tr thnhmt cng thng tin chnh cho cc sinh vin v ging vin trong v ngoi Vit Nam. Mingy c hng chc nghn lt truy cp VOER (www.voer.edu.vn) nghin cu, hctp v ti ti liu ging dy v. Vi hng chc nghn module kin thc t hng nghntc gi khc nhau ng gp, Th Vin Hc liu M Vit Nam l mt kho tng ti liukhng l, ni dung phong ph phc v cho tt c cc nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu cac gi.
Ngun ti liu m phong ph c trn VOER c c l do s chia s t nguyn ca cctc gi trong v ngoi nc. Qu trnh chia s ti liu trn VOER tr ln d dng nhm 1, 2, 3 nh vo sc mnh ca nn tng Hanoi Spring.
Hanoi Spring l mt nn tng cng ngh tin tin c thit k cho php cng chng ddng chia s ti liu ging dy, hc tp cng nh ch ng pht trin chng trnh gingdy da trn khi nim v hc liu m (OCW) v ti nguyn gio dc m (OER) . Khinim chia s tri thc c tnh cch mng c khi xng v pht trin tin phongbi i hc MIT v i hc Rice Hoa K trong vng mt thp k qua. K t , phongtro Ti nguyn Gio dc M pht trin nhanh chng, c UNESCO h tr v cchp nhn nh mt chng trnh chnh thc nhiu nc trn th gii.
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Gii thiu Microsoft AccessTable - Bng d liuQuery - Bng vn tinTo Form Wizard v Report WizardTham gia ng gp