co. korea choicemaker new reading strategic 1 strategic reading level 1 worldcom elt develop and...

New StrategicReading Level 1

WorldCom ELT

Develop and Refine Your Reading Strategies

in Preparation for the New TOEFL iBT Tests

Property of T

he ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker New

ChoiceMaker New

Korea Co.

Alice Wrigglesworth & Jonathan Wrigglesworth

ⓒ 2007 published by WorldCom Publishing Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmittedin any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without priorpermission in writing from the publisher.

Cover/Interior Design: Joo Design

ISBN:978-89-90545-61-9

Desk Copy Request / InformationTo place your desk copy request or for more information,please contact the following office:Tel : (02)3273-4300 Fax:(02)3273-4303Homepage : www.wcbooks.co.kr

Level 1New Strategic

Reading

Contents1. Cloud Formation ... 5

2. Mount Rushmore ... 11

3. Fast Food ... 17

4. The Earth’s Structure ... 23

5. Vikings ... 29

6. Depression ... 35

7. Dinosaurs ... 41

8. The American Civil War ... 47

9. The Health Benefits of Water ... 53

10. Essential Nutrients ... 59

11. William Shakespeare ... 65

12. McDonald’s ... 71

13. Meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites ... 77

14. The French Revolution ... 83

15. Noise Pollution ... 89

16. Jane Goodall ... 95

17. The War of the Worlds ... 101

18. Egyptian Culture ... 107

19. Recycling cars ... 113

20. The Arts and Crafts Movement ... 119Property

Property

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Tel : (02)3273-4300 Fax:(02)3273-4303Property

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of The Choice

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Korea Co.Co.1.

Co.1.1. Cloud Formation ...

Co.Cloud Formation ...

2.Co.2.2.

55

1. What are clouds made of?2. How are clouds formed?3. Are all clouds formed the same way?

Cloud FormationPre-reading activity

01

1 Have you ever looked at a cloud and imagined that you saw a dragon or someother animal? And who hasn’t thought of floating on a cloud? Clouds havealways sparked peoples’ imaginations in these ways. Surprisingly, clouds canbe the size of entire countries and have a weight of several million tons. In spiteof that, they float on air. Cloud formation is an amazing natural phenomenonthat is around us every day. Despite the fact that we are all familiar withclouds, most people don’t understand what clouds are and the processes thatform them.

2 Although clouds look like balls of cotton, they are actually made of droplets ofwater or small ice crystals. Through the process of evaporation, water becomesa gas and enters the atmosphere. Because of this process, all air has some waterin it.

3 Clouds are formed when the water in air turns from a gas back into water or icecrystals. This happens when the air reaches its saturation point, also called thedew point. The saturation point is when there is too much water for the air tohold. At the saturation point the water in air turns back into water droplets orice crystals; this is a cloud. Three situations can lead to cloud formation.

4 The most common way that clouds are formed is by the cooling of an air mass.Warmer air can hold more water than cooler air, so if a warm air mass coolsenough, the water in it will turn into a cloud.

dragon a mythical winged reptile with claws andteeth that often spews fire from its mouth

droplet a tiny dropice crystal very tiny pieces of ice

Property of T

he ChoiceMaker Have you ever looked at a cloud and imagined that you saw a

ChoiceMaker Have you ever looked at a cloud and imagined that you saw a

other animal? And who hasn’t thought of floating on a cloud? Clouds have

ChoiceMaker other animal? And who hasn’t thought of floating on a cloud? Clouds have

always sparked peoples’ imaginations in these ways. Surprisingly, clouds can

ChoiceMaker

always sparked peoples’ imaginations in these ways. Surprisingly, clouds canbe the size of entire countries and have a weight of several million tons. In spite

ChoiceMaker

be the size of entire countries and have a weight of several million tons. In spiteof that, they float on air. Cloud formation is an amazing natural phenomenon

ChoiceMaker

of that, they float on air. Cloud formation is an amazing natural phenomenonthat is around us every day. Despite the fact that we are all familiar with

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that is around us every day. Despite the fact that we are all familiar with

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Korea

Have you ever looked at a cloud and imagined that you saw a Korea

Have you ever looked at a cloud and imagined that you saw a

Co.Co.Cloud FormationCo.Cloud FormationCo.

Pre-reading activityCo.Pre-reading activityPre-reading activity

5 Two situations can cause large air masses to cool. First, an air mass can cool bymoving over a cold or cooling surface. Second, air masses cool as they rise.Several processes can cause an air mass to rise: 1. The air mass flows up theside of a mountain, 2. When a warm air mass moves against a cold air mass, thewarm air mass can rise as it pushes over the cold air mass, 3. Warm groundtemperatures can cause air masses to rise to higher altitudes.

6 A second situation that causes cloud formation is when two air masses ofdifferent temperatures mix. For example, a warm air mass and a cold air masscan move together and mix. The warm air mass is able to hold more water.When the warm air mixes with the cold air, the warm air cools and the water inthe air forms a cloud. An example of this process is our breath on a cold day:the warm air you breathe out hits the cold air and the water in your breathturns into a small cloud.

7 The final way that clouds form is when an air mass stays the same temperaturebut absorbs a lot of water. This can happen when there is a lot of water, likeover an ocean, and the temperature is high. This formation process is mostcommon over the oceans near the equator.

8 Clouds around the equator are often formed by the absorption of hugeamounts of water; in other parts of the world clouds are formed by the coolingof warmer air masses or the mixing of air masses. These two basic processescreate all of the amazing clouds we see. The next time you look at a cloud, youmight still imagine that you see a dragon, but now you know how these cloudswere formed.

mix to combine into a mass or collectionbreath the air that has been inhaled and exhaled

for breathing

basic simple

Match the word with its synonym.

1. float a. vapor

2. gas b. activity

3. process c. hover

4. mass d. movement

5. flow e. accumulation

Main idea

What’s the passage about?

a. You can see animals in clouds. b. How clouds are formed.

c. When air gets warmer clouds form. d. Clouds look like cotton candy.

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 6, when can clouds be formed?

a. Two air masses of the same temperature mix.

b. Two air masses separate.

c. Two air masses of different temperatures mix.

d. Two air masses of different temperatures separate.

2. According to paragraph 2, what are clouds are made of?

a. Gas b. Water

c. Ice crystals or water d. Ice crystals

3. According to paragraph 5, what can cause an air mass to rise?

a. A mountain b. Warm air moving against cold air

c. Warm ground temperatures d. All of the above

Vocabulary Study I

Reading comprehension I

Cloud Formation 01

6 7

Property

basic Property

basic Property

Property of

create all of the amazing clouds we see. The next time you look at a cloud, you

of create all of the amazing clouds we see. The next time you look at a cloud, youmight still imagine that you see a dragon, but now you know how these clouds

of might still imagine that you see a dragon, but now you know how these cloudsThe amounts of water; in other parts of the world clouds are formed by the cooling

The amounts of water; in other parts of the world clouds are formed by the coolingprocesses

The processes

create all of the amazing clouds we see. The next time you look at a cloud, youThe create all of the amazing clouds we see. The next time you look at a cloud, youmight still imagine that you see a dragon, but now you know how these cloudsThe might still imagine that you see a dragon, but now you know how these clouds

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Main idea

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Main idea


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Reading comprehension

ChoiceMaker Reading comprehension

Korea Co.Match the word with its synonym.

Co.Match the word with its synonym.

8

Vocabulary Study II

Reading comprehension II

process recess successive

Main idea

What is the lecture mainly about?

a. Advanced technology in medicine

b. Production of various crops in the field

c. The importance of the weather in our lives

d. The economic implications of the weather

Details

1. What is true about rainfall?

a. It is associated with the consumption of ice cream.

b. It is related to our political activities.

c. It can affect medicine.

d. It can affect agriculture.

2. What is true about meteorologists?

a. They study various skin diseases.

b. They study weather conditions.

c. They study biotechnology.

d. They study economics.

The saturation point is when there is too much water for the air to hold.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thehighlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.

a. The saturation point creates too much water for the air to hold.

b. Air can hold an unlimited amount of water.

c. Too much water for the air to hold is the saturation point

d. The saturation point is when there is a lot of water in the air.

Listening comprehension

Paraphrasing

Cloud Formation 01

9

Word root: cess

1. process = pro (forward) + cess (going)

recess = re (back) + cess (going)

successive = suc (by) + cess (going) + ive (tending to)

2. process: going forward → a number of things that happen naturally

recess: going back → the time when classes stop

successive: tending to go by → happening one after another

3. Complete the following sentences choosing the right word.

a. We ate out on three days.

b. We have learned a lot about the of cloud formation.

c. is my favorite time of school.

Inference and purpose

It can be inferred from the passage that .

a. the oceans near the equator are cold b. the oceans near the Arctic are warm

c. the oceans near the equator are warm d. all oceans are the same temperature

Coherence

Look at the four squares [ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be addedto the passage below. Where would the sentence best fit?

These clouds are warm and rich in water, so they can create heavy rains.

The final way that clouds form is when an air mass stays the same temperature butabsorbs a lot of water. This can happen when there is a lot of water, like over anocean, and the temperature is high. This formation process is most common over theoceans near the equator. Property

Property

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Property


The final way that clouds form is when an air mass stays the same temperature but

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This formation process is most common over the

of c. the oceans near the equator are warm d. all oceans are the same temperature

of c. the oceans near the equator are warm d. all oceans are the same temperature

] that indicate where the following sentence can be addedof ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added

The a. the oceans near the equator are cold b. the oceans near the Arctic are warmThe a. the oceans near the equator are cold b. the oceans near the Arctic are warm

c. the oceans near the equator are warm d. all oceans are the same temperatureThe c. the oceans near the equator are warm d. all oceans are the same temperature

ChoiceMaker Details

ChoiceMaker Details

1. What is true about rainfall?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about rainfall?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker


Korea What is the lecture mainly about?


a. Advanced technology in medicine

Korea a. Advanced technology in medicine

b. Production of various crops in the field

Korea b. Production of various crops in the field

c. The importance of the weather in our lives

Korea c. The importance of the weather in our lives

d. The economic implications of the weather

Korea d. The economic implications of the weather

Co.What is the lecture mainly about? Co.What is the lecture mainly about?

a. Advanced technology in medicine Co.a. Advanced technology in medicine

Complete the following list by choosing the three true sentences about the passage.

a. Clouds are formed when water turns from gas to water droplets of ice crystals.

b. Air cools as it goes lower.

c. Clouds can form when warm air rises.

d. Air masses are pushed down when they run into a mountain.

e. Clouds can be formed when two air masses of different temperatures mix.

f. The water in clouds has almost no weight.

What is your favorite hobby?

Model response

1. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box.

My favorite is playing soccer. I enjoy soccer because it is good

, and I get to spend time with my . I play on a

called the Giants. We are pretty good. We won most of our

last season. I play forward. It is very exciting to get the ball and

score a goal. Even when we don’t win, I still love to soccer.

2. Using your own words, answer the question above. Then talk to the class.

Summary

Speaking

hobby games team friends play exercise

1. When you think of America, what images come tomind first?

2. How many American Presidents can you think of?3. Have you heard of Mouth Rushmore?

What do you know about it?

Mount RushmorePre-reading activity

02

million 1,000,000 units of something flock to gather or go as a crowdcarve to form something by cutting

granite a coarse-grained igneous rockattract to draw to by sparking interesttourist one who is traveling for pleasure

1 Have you ever looked at a mountain and thought you saw a face? What would

you think if you saw four faces? That is exactly what you would see if you

visited Mount Rushmore National Memorial, in the southern Black Hills of

South Dakota.

2 Every year, two million people flock to Mount Rushmore to see a piece of

American history. There, carved into an otherwise ordinary granite mountain,

are the faces of four of America’s most famous Presidents: George Washington,

Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt.

3 In 1923, historian Doane Robinson came up with the idea of carving a sculpture

into a mountain. He wanted to create a monument that would attract tourists

to South Dakota and would help people remember American history.

4 Robinson enlisted the help of sculptor Gutzon Borglum. It was Borglum who

decided to make the mountainside a memorial for great American Presidents.

He chose four Presidents from the past whose images he wanted to carve.

10 11

Property is playing soccer. I enjoy soccer because it is good

Property is playing soccer. I enjoy soccer because it is good

. I play on a

Property . I play on a


Property



Property


score a goal. Even when we don’t win, I still love to

Property

score a goal. Even when we don’t win, I still love to

2. Using your own words, answer the question above. Then talk to the class.Property

2. Using your own words, answer the question above. Then talk to the class.Property of of of of of

is playing soccer. I enjoy soccer because it is goodof is playing soccer. I enjoy soccer because it is good

hobby games team friends play exercise

of hobby games team friends play exercisehobby games team friends play exerciseThe The The The The

hobby games team friends play exerciseThe hobby games team friends play exercisehobby games team friends play exercise

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker Have you ever looked at a mountain and thought you saw a face? What would

ChoiceMaker Have you ever looked at a mountain and thought you saw a face? What would

you think if you saw four faces? That is exactly what you would see if you

ChoiceMaker you think if you saw four faces? That is exactly what you would see if you


ChoiceMaker


South Dakota.

ChoiceMaker

South Dakota.

2

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2

Korea

Korea

Have you ever looked at a mountain and thought you saw a face? What wouldKorea

Have you ever looked at a mountain and thought you saw a face? What would

Co.Co.Mount RushmoreCo.Mount RushmoreCo.


5 In 1927, when Borglum was 60 years old, work began on the monument. First,

500,000 tons of rock were removed from the mountainside. Then, explosives

were used to make the rock into the basic shape. Finally, by drilling and

chiseling, Borglum carved the details of the faces.

6 It took 14 years, 400 workers, and one million dollars to complete the 18-meter

high faces. Amazingly, there were only a few injuries and no deaths in the

making of the monument.

7 The faces were unveiled and dedicated one by one. In 1934, the image of

Washington was completed and ready to be dedicated. The image of Jefferson

was unveiled in 1936, followed by that of Lincoln in 1937, and that of Roosevelt

in 1939.

8 Originally, the figures were to be carved from head to toe. Sadly, Borglum died

in 1941, before the monument was completed. After his death, his son, Lincoln

Borglum, continued the carving, but insufficient funds forced the carving to

end.

9 Some people think more faces should be added to the monument. More

Presidents, such as John F. Kennedy or Ronald Reagan, or even other famous

people, such as Elvis Presley, could be added. However, most people think the

monument should be left as it is – a tribute to the first 150 years of American

history.


1. flock a. recruit

2. enlist b. mark of respect

3. unveil c. gather

4. dedicate d. devote

5. tribute e. make public

Main idea


a. Tourist attractions b. Mount Rushmore

c. American Presidents d. National parks

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 4, who decided to make the monument a memorial for

great American Presidents?

a. Theodore Roosevelt b. Doane Robinson

c. Abraham Lincoln d. Gutzon Borglum

2. According to paragraph 6, how many years did it take to carve the monument?

a. 400 days b. 18 months

c. 14 years d. 39 years

3. According to paragraph 7, which President’s face was completed second?

a. Thomas Jefferson b. George Washington

c. Abraham Lincoln d. Theodore Roosevelt

Vocabulary Study I


Mount Rushmore 02

12 13

Property

Property

Property monument should be left as it is – a tribute to the first 150 years of American

Property monument should be left as it is – a tribute to the first 150 years of Americanof Presidents, such as John F. Kennedy or Ronald Reagan, or even other famous

of Presidents, such as John F. Kennedy or Ronald Reagan, or even other famous

people, such as Elvis Presley, could be added. However, most people think theof people, such as Elvis Presley, could be added. However, most people think the

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The Some people think more faces should be added to the monument. MoreThe Some people think more faces should be added to the monument. More

Presidents, such as John F. Kennedy or Ronald Reagan, or even other famousThe Presidents, such as John F. Kennedy or Ronald Reagan, or even other famous

people, such as Elvis Presley, could be added. However, most people think theThe

people, such as Elvis Presley, could be added. However, most people think the

ChoiceMaker

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Main idea

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Main idea


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ChoiceMaker Reading comprehension Reading comprehension



Word root: ceed

1. exceed = ex (away from) + ceed (to go)

proceed = pro (forward) + ceed (to go)

succeed = suc (after) + ceed (to go)

2. exceed: to go away from → to go to or be beyond the limit

proceed: to go forward → to begin and continue an action

succeed: to go after → to follow next


a. Do not the speed limit.

b. When the King dies, the Prince will him.

c. The police officer told me to down the road.


It can be inferred from the passage that Gutzon Borglum .

a. preferred painting to sculpting

b. did not respect George Washington

c. admired the four Presidents whose faces he carved

d. had a brother named Lincoln

Coherence


Gutzon was already well known in the world of art, having created several patriotic pieces.

Robinson enlisted the help of sculptor Gutzon Borglum. It was Borglum whodecided to make the mountainside a memorial for great American Presidents. Hechose four Presidents from the past whose images he wanted to carve.

Vocabulary Study II


exceed proceed succeed

14

Main idea


a. The importance of Presidents in American life

b. The sorrows of ordinary people

c. How to realize one’s precious dreams

d. The necessity for building another Mount Rushmore

Details

1. What is true about ordinary people?

a. They do not have any dream to fulfill.

b. Their large faces have been displayed in Mount Rushmore.

c. They represent the essence of American life.

d. These days, they do not have many rights.

2. What is true about America?

a. It is a nation that believes in everyone’s dream.

b. It is a nation that does many unlawful things.

c. It is a nation that tries to bring peace to the world.

d. It is a nation that thinks nothing of individuals..

Every year, two million people flock to Mount Rushmore to see a piece of American history.


a. Two million people flock to a piece of American history every year.

b. Most people flock to Mount Rushmore every year to see a piece of American

history.

c. Every year, a piece of American history flocks to Mount Rushmore to see two

million people.

d. Two million people gather around Mount Rushmore every year, to see a part of

American history.


Paraphrasing

Mount Rushmore 02

15

Property

Property

] that indicate where the following sentence can be added

Property

] that indicate where the following sentence can be addedto the passage below. Where would the sentence best fit?

Property

to the passage below. Where would the sentence best fit?

Gutzon was already well known in the world of art, having created several

Property

Gutzon was already well known in the world of art, having created several

Robinson enlisted the help of sculptor Gutzon Borglum. Property

Robinson enlisted the help of sculptor Gutzon Borglum. decided to make the mountainside a memorial for great American Presidents. Property

decided to make the mountainside a memorial for great American Presidents.

of The .

The .

The ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about ordinary people?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about ordinary people?


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a. The importance of Presidents in American life

Korea a. The importance of Presidents in American life

b. The sorrows of ordinary people

Korea b. The sorrows of ordinary people

c. How to realize one’s precious dreams

Korea c. How to realize one’s precious dreams

d. The necessity for building another Mount Rushmore

Korea d. The necessity for building another Mount Rushmore


a. The importance of Presidents in American lifeCo.a. The importance of Presidents in American life

16 1717

1. How many fast food chains can you name?2. How often do you eat fast food?3. Do you think you eat healthy food?

Fast FoodPre-reading activity

03

1 Have you ever heard the saying “You are what you eat”? This saying doesn’tmean you look like the food you eat, but it does mean your body is only ashealthy as the food you put in it. How healthy are you? What have you had toeat today? Sadly, too much of what Americans eat these days is fast food. If youare like most Americans, you are not very healthy. In 1970, Americans spent $6billion on fast food. How is it that in 2006, less than forty years later, Americansspent over $110 billion on fast food? What was the cause of this enormouschange, what are the negative side effects of this change, and what is thesolution to our addiction to fast food?

2 There are three main reasons why Americans consume so much more fast foodtoday than they did forty years ago. First, today, influenced and driven bytechnology, people are constantly on the go. Preparing a home-cooked mealcan be time-consuming, especially when you consider the alternative is so fast.Second, in the past, the average family consisted of a working father and astay-at-home mother, who considered it her duty to prepare a meal for herfamily every evening. These days, often both parents work and neither parentis home in time to prepare a meal. Finally, forty years ago, eating out wasconsidered a luxury, as restaurants were expensive. Today, there are numerousfast food restaurant chains that provide affordable meals, often for less thanyou could prepare a meal at home.

consume to eat or drink upconstantly continuously

duty responsibility


a. George Washington’s face was the first to be completed.

b. Mount Rushmore is a popular American tourist destination.

c. Doane Robinson helped carve Mount Rushmore.

d. There are five Presidents’ faces carved into Mount Rushmore.

e. Many people died while craving Mount Rushmore.

f. It was Gutzon Borglum who chose which Presidents’ faces to carve.

What is your favorite city? Why?

Model response


Gangneung is my city. It is a city, located on the east

coast of Korea. During the summer, I to swim at its most popular

beach, Gyeongpo Beach. In the winter, I enjoy walks around

Gyeongpo Lake. Gangneung is an attractive city that I enjoy in the

and winter.


Summary

Speaking

visiting favorite like taking beautiful summer

Property city, located on the east

Property city, located on the east

to swim at its most popular

Property to swim at its most popular

walks around

Property

walks around

Gyeongpo Lake. Gangneung is an attractive city that I enjoy

Property

Gyeongpo Lake. Gangneung is an attractive city that I enjoy



city, located on the eastof city, located on the east

visiting favorite like taking beautiful summer

of visiting favorite like taking beautiful summervisiting favorite like taking beautiful summerThe The The The The

visiting favorite like taking beautiful summerThe visiting favorite like taking beautiful summervisiting favorite like taking beautiful summer

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker Have you ever heard the saying “You are what you eat”? This saying doesn’t

ChoiceMaker Have you ever heard the saying “You are what you eat”? This saying doesn’t

mean you look like the food you eat, but it does mean your body is only as

ChoiceMaker mean you look like the food you eat, but it does mean your body is only as

healthy as the food you put in it. How healthy are you? What have you had to

ChoiceMaker

healthy as the food you put in it. How healthy are you? What have you had toeat today? Sadly, too much of what Americans eat these days is fast food. If you

ChoiceMaker

eat today? Sadly, too much of what Americans eat these days is fast food. If youare like most Americans, you are not very healthy. In 1970, Americans spent $6

ChoiceMaker

are like most Americans, you are not very healthy. In 1970, Americans spent $6billion on fast food. How is it that in 2006, less than forty years later, Americans

ChoiceMaker

billion on fast food. How is it that in 2006, less than forty years later, Americans

Korea

Korea

Have you ever heard the saying “You are what you eat”? This saying doesn’tKorea

Have you ever heard the saying “You are what you eat”? This saying doesn’t

Co.Co.Fast FoodCo.Fast FoodCo.


3 That fast food is convenient is indisputable, but so are its negative effects.Numerous studies have been conducted to measure the effect that fast food canhave on people’s health. An overwhelming number of them have concludedthat the adverse effects of eating fast food on a regular basis are substantial andvaried. People who eat fast food on a regular basis can become obese and theirobesity can lead to serious health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease.Many people also believe that a fast food culture has a negative effect onfamilies. Traditionally, families would gather around the dinner table mostevenings for a meal. Today, few families make eating home-cooked mealsaround the dinner table a priority. Fast food chains offer these busy families aquick alternative, which is usually eaten on the run. By not sitting down for afamily meal, families miss out on exchanging news of their day and hashingout problems together.

4 What is the solution to America’s fast food obsession? As a society, we need tobe conscious of the health issues associated with eating fast food and educateour children about good health and nutrition. As individuals, we need to makethe time to find healthy alternatives to fast food. Some fast food chains andsupermarkets now provide consumers with healthy alternatives to fatty fastfood. After all, if you can make the time to watch your favorite televisionshows, to surf the Internet, and to see your friends, you should be able to makethe time to take care of your one and only body.

5 Hectic lifestyles, fuelled by technology, two working-parent families, andreadily available affordable fast food are the reason why America has become afast food nation. Our health and families are what suffer from our addiction tofast food. We, as a society and as individuals, are the solution to the problem.Remember, you are what you eat. So, what will you have for your next meal?

diabetes a disorder that causes increased urineproduction

priority the most important thingconscious aware

18


1. cause a. overweight

2. obese b. huge

3. hectic c. reason

4. average d. busy

5. enormous e. regular

Main idea


a. Families b. Home-cooked meals

c. Fast food d. Technology

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 1, how much did Americans spend on fast food in 2006?

a. $6 million b. $6 billion

c. $100 million d. $110 billion

2. According to paragraph 2, why are people always on the go today?

a. Because mothers should cook dinner.

b. Because fast food is affordable.

c. Because they like eating fast food.

d. Because they are influenced and driven by technology.

3. According to paragraph 3, what can happen if you eat too much fast food?

a. You can eat dinner around a table.

b. You can become obese and get diabetes or heart disease.

c. You can talk to your family at a restaurant.

d. You can help the fast food chains.

Vocabulary Study I


Fast Food 03

19

Property readily available affordable fast food are the reason why America has become a

Property readily available affordable fast food are the reason why America has become a

fast food nation. Our health and families are what suffer from our addiction to

Property fast food nation. Our health and families are what suffer from our addiction to

fast food. We, as a society and as individuals, are the solution to the problem.

Property

fast food. We, as a society and as individuals, are the solution to the problem.Remember, you are what you eat. So, what will you have for your next meal?

Property

Remember, you are what you eat. So, what will you have for your next meal?

priority Property

priority conscious Property

conscious Property

Property of Hectic lifestyles, fuelled by technology, two working-parent families, andof Hectic lifestyles, fuelled by technology, two working-parent families, and

readily available affordable fast food are the reason why America has become aof readily available affordable fast food are the reason why America has become a

The shows, to surf the Internet, and to see your friends, you should be able to make

The shows, to surf the Internet, and to see your friends, you should be able to make

ChoiceMaker

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Main idea

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Main idea


ChoiceMaker




Korea 5. enormous

Korea 5. enormous



Word root: anti

1. antisocial = anti (against) + social (society, people)

antiseptic = anti (against) + septic (bacteria)

antitoxin = anti (against) + toxin (poison, causing disease)

2. antisocial: against society, people → disliking or being hostile toward others

antiseptic: against bacteria → substance that kills germs

antitoxin: against poison → a substance that counteracts a poison


a. The doctor used an to clean his instruments.

b. The will counteract the poison.

c. The man doesn’t like to be around people.



a. fast food becomes more popular in America every year

b. fast food becomes less popular every year

c. fast food has a positive effect on people’s health

d. doctors recommend people eat fast food for every meal

Coherence


Instead, they opt to buy dinner for their family from McDonald’s or another fast food restaurant.

Second, in the past, the average family consisted of a working father and a stay-at-home mother, who considered it her duty to prepare a meal for her family everyevening. These days, often both parents work and neither parent is home in time toprepare a meal. Finally, forty years ago, eating out was considered a luxury, asrestaurants were expensive.

Vocabulary Study II


antisocial antiseptic antitoxin

20

Main idea


a. How to manage good relationships with your colleagues

b. Unusual recipes for traditional food

c. The financial benefits of fast food

d. The effect of fast food on the family

Details

1. What is true about today’s family?

a. Family members understand each other deeply.

b. Family members do not care about each other anymore.

c. Family members tend to be rich.

d. Family members love to cook traditional food.

2. What is true about fast food obsession?

a. It improves the relationship among family members.

b. It can prevent many different diseases.

c. It is unhealthy.

d. It is ethical in many ways.

As a society, we need to be conscious of the health issues associated with eating fast food and educate our children about good health and nutrition.


a. Our children need to educate our society about good health and nutrition.

b. The health issues associated with eating fast food need to be conscious of usand educate our children about good health and nutrition, as a society.

c. We need to be conscious of the health issues related to eating fast food andteach our children about good health and nutrition, as a society.

d. Fast food needs to be educated about health issues associated with our children.


Paraphrasing

Fast Food 03

21

Property

Property


Property


Property


Instead, they opt to buy dinner for their family from McDonald’s or another

Property

Instead, they opt to buy dinner for their family from McDonald’s or another

Second, in the past, the average family consisted of a working father and a stay-at-Property

Second, in the past, the average family consisted of a working father and a stay-at-home mother, who considered it her duty to prepare a meal for her family everyProperty

home mother, who considered it her duty to prepare a meal for her family everyThese days, often both parents work and neither parent is home in time toProperty

These days, often both parents work and neither parent is home in time to

of The Choice

Maker 1. What is true about today’s family?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about today’s family?


ChoiceMaker



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ChoiceMaker




a. How to manage good relationships with your colleagues

Korea a. How to manage good relationships with your colleagues

b. Unusual recipes for traditional food

Korea b. Unusual recipes for traditional food

c. The financial benefits of fast food

Korea c. The financial benefits of fast food

d. The effect of fast food on the family

Korea d. The effect of fast food on the family


a. How to manage good relationships with your colleaguesCo.a. How to manage good relationships with your colleagues

1. What does the Earth look like?2. What is the Earth made of?3. Is it possible to dig to the center of the Earth?

The Earth’s StructurePre-reading activity

04

core the centerminor smaller

nickel a type of metaldense very compact, close together

1 When you think of the Earth, you might think of a picture from space: a blueball with some clouds and spots of land. This describes the Earth as it is seenfrom space, but what about the inner structure of the Earth. Although no onehas been able to see inside the Earth, scientists have been able to learn a greatdeal about its inner structure. The study of the Earth’s structure is calledgeology. Geologists have learned that the Earth is actually made of three majorlayers – the core, the mantle, and the crust – and several minor layers.

2 The Earth’s core is a dense mass of the elements nickel and iron and is 2,900kilometers below the Earth’s surface. It is divided into the inner core and theouter core. The outer core is so hot that it is always molten nickel and iron. Thislayer is about 2,200 kilometers thick. The inner core is a solid mass about 1,250kilometers thick. Despite temperatures of over 3700˚C, the tremendous pressureon the inner core will not allow the elements to melt. The molten outer corerotates around the solid inner core. This rotation causes the Earth’s magneticfield.

23


a. There are many more fast food chains now than in the past.

b. Fast food is a healthy alternative to home-cooked meals.

c. Eating a lot of fast food can lead to obesity.

d. You should eat fast food every week.

e. Americans spent $110 billion on fast food in 2006.

f. There is no solution to America’s fast food addiction.

What was your most memorable birthday?

Model response


My most birthday was my tenth birthday. It was

years ago now, but I remember it well because it was so fun. I had a birthday

at my house and all my friends came. My parents gave me a bicycle

and my friends me other presents. It was a

memorable birthday.


Summary

Speaking

party memorable gave very many

22

Property birthday was my tenth birthday. It was

Property birthday was my tenth birthday. It was

years ago now, but I remember it well because it was so fun. I had a birthday

Property years ago now, but I remember it well because it was so fun. I had a birthday


Property


me other presents. It was a

Property

me other presents. It was a


2. Using your own words, answer the question above. Then talk to the class.Property of of of of of of party memorable gave very many

of party memorable gave very manyparty memorable gave very many The The The The The Choice

Maker

ChoiceMaker

When you think of the Earth, you might think of a picture from space: a blue

ChoiceMaker

When you think of the Earth, you might think of a picture from space: a blueball with some clouds and spots of land. This describes the Earth as it is seen

ChoiceMaker

ball with some clouds and spots of land. This describes the Earth as it is seenfrom space, but what about the inner structure of the Earth. Although no one

ChoiceMaker

from space, but what about the inner structure of the Earth. Although no onehas been able to see inside the Earth, scientists have been able to learn a great

ChoiceMaker

has been able to see inside the Earth, scientists have been able to learn a great

Korea

Korea

Korea

Korea

Korea

Korea Co.Co.The Earth’s Structure

Co.The Earth’s Structure

Co.Pre-reading activityCo.Pre-reading activityPre-reading activity


1. structure a. center

2. core b. around

3. tremendous c. framework

4. encircling d. liquid

5. molten e. awesome

Main idea


a. The Earth having several layers to its structure

b. The structure of the planets

c. The Earth’s core

d. The Earth’s mantle

Detail questions

1. What are scientists who study the structure of the Earth called?

a. Ecologists b. Structurologists

c. Geologists d. Biologists

2. The Earth’s core is made of .

a. nickels and dimes b. iron and magnesium

c. silicon and magnesium d. nickel and iron

3. What is the thickest layer of the Earth’s structure?

a. Core b. Mantle

c. Crust d. Continental plates

Vocabulary Study I


The Earth’s Structure 04

25

cycle a series of occurrences that are repeatedplate a rigid layer of the crust that drifts slowly

3 Encircling the Earth’s core is the mantle. The mantle begins at 10 kilometers to30 kilometers below the Earth’s crust and makes up 80 percent of the Earth’svolume. Like the core, this layer is also divided into two minor layers: the innermantle and the outer mantle. The inner mantle is found between 300 kilometersand 2, 900 kilometers below the Earth’s surface; it is a solid mass, made up ofsulphides, oxides of silicon, and magnesium. The outer mantle is much thinnerthan the inner mantle; it can be found between 10 kilometers and 300kilometers below the Earth’s surface. This layer consists primarily of moltensilicates of iron and magnesium. This molten mass moves in larger circularpatterns. The highly heated mass rises towards the Earth’s surface, as it getsclose to the surface it cools and descends. This descending mass is thenreheated as it approaches the inner mantle and rises again, repeating the cycle.Occasionally, this molten material pushes through to the Earth’s surface to forma volcano.

4 All that keeps the molten material in the outer mantle from reaching thesurface of the Earth is the Earth’s crust. The crust is the relatively hard and thinouter shell that we live on. It is composed of plates that float on liquid materialof the outer mantle. Each continent sits on a separate plate. These plates makeup the six continental plates, and additional plates make up the oceans. Thethickness of the crust varies from six to 11 kilometers on the ocean floors, toapproximately 30 kilometers on the continents. While the crust accounts for thesmallest amount of the Earth’s mass, it is vital to all life on Earth. The featuresof the Earth’s crust influence where and how people live.

5 Looking at the Earth from space, it is easy to see the diversity of our planet, butthat is only part of the picture. Under the surface, there are dynamic forces atwork that shape every aspect of life on Earth.

24

Property

Property

Property Looking at the Earth from space, it is easy to see the diversity of our planet, but

Property Looking at the Earth from space, it is easy to see the diversity of our planet, but

that is only part of the picture. Under the surface, there are dynamic forces at

Property

that is only part of the picture. Under the surface, there are dynamic forces at

of smallest amount of the Earth’s mass, it is vital to all life on Earth. The features

of smallest amount of the Earth’s mass, it is vital to all life on Earth. The featuresThe of the outer mantle. Each continent sits on a separate plate. These plates make

The of the outer mantle. Each continent sits on a separate plate. These plates makeup the six continental plates, and additional plates make up the oceans. The

The up the six continental plates, and additional plates make up the oceans. Thethickness of the crust varies from six to 11 kilometers on the ocean floors, to

The thickness of the crust varies from six to 11 kilometers on the ocean floors, toapproximately 30 kilometers on the continents. While the crust accounts for theThe approximately 30 kilometers on the continents. While the crust accounts for thesmallest amount of the Earth’s mass, it is vital to all life on Earth. The featuresThe smallest amount of the Earth’s mass, it is vital to all life on Earth. The features

ChoiceMaker

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Main idea

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Main idea


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ChoiceMaker K

orea Co.Match the word with its synonym.


a. centerCo.a. center

b. aroundCo.b. around

Main idea


a. The structure of the core b. The structure of the crust

c. The structure of the mantle d. The structure of the sun

Details

1. What is true about the outer layer of the mantle?

a. It is larger than the core of the Earth.

b. It is not affected by the crust of the Earth.

c. It touches the core of the Earth.

d. It is smaller than the inner layer.

2. What is true about the inner layer of the mantle?

a. It does not contain any sulfides.

b. It does not contain oxides of silicon.

c. It is a liquid.

d. One of its components is magnesium.

All that keeps the molten material in the outer mantle from reaching the surface of the Earth is the Earth’s crust.


a. All things keep molten material from reaching the surface of the Earth.

b. The Earth’s crust keeps the molten material in the outer mantle from reachingthe Earth’s surface.

c. The Earth’s crust keeps all things from reaching the Earth’s surface.

d. The Earth’s crust keeps molten material on the surface.


Paraphrasing

The Earth’s Structure 04

27

Word root: geo

1. geology = geo (Earth) + ology (to study)

geography = geo (Earth) + graphy (to describe)

geometry = geo (Earth) + metry (to measure)

2. geology: Earth, study of → study of the Earth

geography: Earth, to describe the → description of the Earth

geometry: Earth, to measure → to measure the Earth


a. The scientist studies the Earth. He is a .

b. To measure how far it is around the Earth, you would have to know .

c. To make a map you must know .


The purpose of the article is to .

a. show that the Earth looks different from the outside

b. discuss the size of the Earth

c. compare the Earth to an apple

d. discuss the structure of the Earth

Coherence


The Earth’s crust is the same relative thickness as the skin of an apple.

Each continent sits of a separate plate these make up the six continental plates, andthere are more plates that make up the oceans. The thickness of the crust varies fromsix to 11 kilometers on the oceans floors, to approximately 30 kilometers on thecontinents. While the crust accounts for the smallest amount of the Earth’s mass, it isvital to all life on Earth.

Vocabulary Study II


geometry geology geography

26

Property

Property


Property


Property



Property


Each continent sits of a separate plate these make up the six continental plates, and

Property

Each continent sits of a separate plate these make up the six continental plates, andthere are more plates that make up the oceans. Property

there are more plates that make up the oceans. Property

The thickness of the crust varies fromProperty

The thickness of the crust varies fromsix to 11 kilometers on the oceans floors, to approximately 30 kilometers on theProperty

six to 11 kilometers on the oceans floors, to approximately 30 kilometers on theWhile the crust accounts for the smallest amount of the Earth’s mass, it is

Property

While the crust accounts for the smallest amount of the Earth’s mass, it is

of The Choice

Maker 1. What is true about the outer layer of the mantle?

ChoiceMaker

1. What is true about the outer layer of the mantle?


ChoiceMaker a. It is larger than the core of the Earth.

b. It is not affected by the crust of the Earth.

ChoiceMaker b. It is not affected by the crust of the Earth.


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The structure of the core b. The structure of the crust

Korea a. The structure of the core b. The structure of the crust

c. The structure of the mantle d. The structure of the sun

Korea c. The structure of the mantle d. The structure of the sun

1. What is true about the outer layer of the mantle? Korea 1. What is true about the outer layer of the mantle?

a. It is larger than the core of the Earth.Korea



a. The structure of the core b. The structure of the crustCo.a. The structure of the core b. The structure of the crust

28


a. The Earth’s core is divided into the outer core and the inner core.

b. Geologists study the moon.

c. The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth’s structure.

d. The Earth’s crust is made of nickel and iron.

e. The Earth’s core encircles the mantle.

f. Each continent sits on a separate plate.

Do you think it is better to give or receive?

Model response


I it’s better to give. At time, I love giving my family

and friends presents. I to see the look on their faces when they

open their gifts. presents makes me feel really good. I like receiving

, but I love giving them.


Summary

Speaking

giving Christmas presents love think

2929

1. What do you think of when you hear the word “Viking”?2. What do you know about Vikings?3. What do you think life as a Viking would have been like?

VikingsPre-reading activity

05

1 When you hear the word “Viking”, what do you think of? Is it a scary-lookingScandinavian man with long hair and a horn helmet? Do you picture someonewielding an axe, raiding and pillaging homes? If you do, it is not surprising, asthis is the stereotype that most people think of when they think of Vikings. Thisisn’t the whole story. Who were the Vikings really? How important a role didthey play in European history and what of them remains today?

2 The term “Viking” was first used around 800 A.D., to identify people who livedin Scandinavia – now Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. To the rest of Europe,the men who had been plundering their towns and villages since 400 A.D.,were all they knew of Scandinavians. The Scandinavians became known allover Europe as a people to be feared. Because of this bad reputation, theyearned their name, Viking, which in Old Norse, the then Scandinavianlanguage, meant “pirate.” In reality, however, the plundering Vikings were inthe minority and Scandinavian people were mainly fisherman, farmers, andtraders.

3 The majority of Vikings did not pillage and plunder. They were skilledcraftsmen, farmers, and seafarers. They shaped the iron, commonly found inthe bogs of Europe, into tools and weapons, and turned gold and silver intomagnificent pieces of jewelry. This, coupled with archaeological finds, such assickles, picks, hoes, and ploughshares, and the preserved remains of animals

pirate one who robs at seamajority more than half

hoe a long-handled tool with a thin flat bladeused to break the ground

Property time, I love giving my family

Property time, I love giving my family

to see the look on their faces when they

Property to see the look on their faces when they

presents makes me feel really good. I like receiving

Property

presents makes me feel really good. I like receiving


Property


of of of of of time, I love giving my familyof time, I love giving my family

giving Christmas presents love think

of giving Christmas presents love thinkgiving Christmas presents love thinkThe The The The The

giving Christmas presents love thinkThe giving Christmas presents love thinkgiving Christmas presents love think

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker When you hear the word “Viking”, what do you think of? Is it a scary-looking

ChoiceMaker When you hear the word “Viking”, what do you think of? Is it a scary-looking

Scandinavian man with long hair and a horn helmet? Do you picture someone

ChoiceMaker Scandinavian man with long hair and a horn helmet? Do you picture someone

wielding an axe, raiding and pillaging homes? If you do, it is not surprising, as

ChoiceMaker

wielding an axe, raiding and pillaging homes? If you do, it is not surprising, asthis is the stereotype that most people think of when they think of Vikings. This

ChoiceMaker

this is the stereotype that most people think of when they think of Vikings. Thisisn’t the whole story. Who were the Vikings really? How important a role did

ChoiceMaker

isn’t the whole story. Who were the Vikings really? How important a role didthey play in European history and what of them remains today?

ChoiceMaker

they play in European history and what of them remains today?

Korea

Korea

When you hear the word “Viking”, what do you think of? Is it a scary-lookingKorea

When you hear the word “Viking”, what do you think of? Is it a scary-looking

Co.Co.VikingsCo.VikingsCo.



1. coupled a. look like

2. stereotype b. frightening

3. scary c. hat

4. resemble d. paired

5. helmet e. generalization

Main idea


a. Languages b. Scandinavians

c. Ships d. Vikings

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, what does the word “Viking” mean in Old Norse?

a. Plunderer b. Pirate

c. Pillager d. Craftsmen

2. According to paragraph 3, what were the Vikings skilled at?

a. Goods b. Sickles

c. Farming d. Gold and silver

3. According to paragraph 4, where did the Vikings settle first?

a. Iceland b. Greenland

c. Canada d. Australia

Vocabulary Study I


Vikings 05

31

and plants, suggests the Vikings were highly successful craftsmen and farmers.Their cargo ships, built from felled trees of Scandinavian forests, were famousand were used to trade goods across Europe and parts of East Asia.

4 The Vikings were also explorers. As a result, they ended up either conqueringor settling pockets all around Europe, and Iceland, Greenland, and, briefly,North America. The Viking ships resembled canoes and were able to navigatethe shallowest rivers and cross the widest oceans. From Sweden, Vikings rowedand sailed the rivers of eastern Europe that led to the Black Sea and ultimatelythe Middle East. From Norway, Vikings went west, to settle Iceland, in 860A.D., and Greenland, about one hundred years later. By 1000 A.D., Vikings hadreached and set up at least one camp in Canada, some five hundred yearsbefore Christopher Columbus’s arrival in 1492. However, the Inuit people ofCanada proved too strong, and the Vikings were forced to leave.

5 The influence the Vikings once exerted is evident today in the English languageand Old Norse place names that remain throughout Europe. During the Vikinginvasions of the British Isles, in the ninth and tenth centuries, Old Norse wordswere introduced into Old English. The influence Old Norse had on the Englishlanguage that we speak today is considered profound and is responsible forbasic vocabulary words, such as “sky” and “leg”, and the pronoun “they.”Throughout England, Ireland, France, and Russia, Scandinavian place namesremain. For example, in England, the place names ending in “-by”, such asWhitby and Selby, are generally places where Vikings settled first.

6 It is true that the Vikings wielded axes, wore horn helmets, and pillaged andplundered towns, but they were more than just this. They were also finecraftsmen, farmers, seafarers, and explorers, whose influence is still evidenttoday, in the English language and place names all around Europe.

trade exchange, barterpocket area

profound deep

30

Property It is true that the Vikings wielded axes, wore horn helmets, and pillaged and

Property It is true that the Vikings wielded axes, wore horn helmets, and pillaged and

plundered towns, but they were more than just this. They were also fine

Property

plundered towns, but they were more than just this. They were also finecraftsmen, farmers, seafarers, and explorers, whose influence is still evident

Property

craftsmen, farmers, seafarers, and explorers, whose influence is still evidenttoday, in the English language and place names all around Europe.

Property

today, in the English language and place names all around Europe.

profoundProperty

profoundProperty

Property of remain. For example, in England, the place names ending in “-by”, such as

of remain. For example, in England, the place names ending in “-by”, such asWhitby and Selby, are generally places where Vikings settled first.of Whitby and Selby, are generally places where Vikings settled first.

The were introduced into Old English. The influence Old Norse had on the English

The were introduced into Old English. The influence Old Norse had on the Englishand is responsible for

The and is responsible forbasic vocabulary words, such as “sky” and “leg”, and the pronoun “they.”

The basic vocabulary words, such as “sky” and “leg”, and the pronoun “they.”Throughout England, Ireland, France, and Russia, Scandinavian place namesThe Throughout England, Ireland, France, and Russia, Scandinavian place namesremain. For example, in England, the place names ending in “-by”, such asThe remain. For example, in England, the place names ending in “-by”, such as

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K



a. look likeCo.a. look like

b. frighteningCo.b. frightening

Main idea


a. The hunting techniques of Vikings

b. Why Vikings were hated by so many people

c. The importance of peace among nations

d. The extraordinary craft skills of Vikings

Details

1. What is true about the findings of the archaeologists?

a. The Vikings were good at fighting with other people.

b. The Vikings were good at farming.

c. The Vikings did not make sickles.

d. The Vikings did not make farming tools.

2. What is true about the Vikings?

a. They did not use ships.

b. They were not successful craftsmen.

c. They turned gold and silver into jewelry.

d. They did not use hoes at all.

They shaped the iron, commonly found in the bogs of Europe, into tools andweapons, and turned gold and silver into magnificent pieces of jewelry.


a. Tools and weapons, commonly found in the bogs of Europe, turned gold andsilver into magnificent pieces of jewelry.

b. They changed gold and silver into magnificent pieces of jewelry, and shaped theiron, common in the bogs of Europe, into tools and weapons.

c. Magnificent pieces of jewelry were turned into gold and silver, shaped from theiron, commonly found in the bogs of Europe.

d. They shaped the iron into magnificent pieces of jewelry.


Paraphrasing

Vikings 05

33

Word root: anthropo

1. anthropology = anthropo (human) + ology (study of)

misanthrope = mis (bad, wrong) + anthropo (human)

anthropoid = anthropo (human) + oid (like)

2. anthropology: the study of humans → the science of studying humans

misanthrope: bad human → disliking humans

anthropoid: human like → resembling humans


a. The gorilla is an .

b. The study of humans is .

c. The hermit stays away from town because he is a .


It can be inferred from the passage that the Vikings .

a. were bad sailors b. didn’t eat fish

c. were a weak society d. were a powerful society

Coherence


Place names ending in “-thorpe”, such as Scunthorpe, were secondary settlements, where the land was considered inferior.

The influence Old Norse had on the English language that we speak today isconsidered profound and is responsible for basic vocabulary words, such as “sky” and“leg”, and the pronoun “they”. Throughout England, Ireland, France, and Russia,Scandinavian place names remain. For example, in England, the place names endingin “-by”, such as Whitby and Selby, are generally places where Vikings settled first.

Vocabulary Study II


anthropology misanthrope anthropoid

32

Property



Place names ending in “-thorpe”, such as Scunthorpe, were secondary

Property

Place names ending in “-thorpe”, such as Scunthorpe, were secondary settlements, where the land was considered inferior.

Property

settlements, where the land was considered inferior.

The influence Old Norse had on the English language that we speak today is

Property

The influence Old Norse had on the English language that we speak today isconsidered profound and is responsible for basic vocabulary words, such as “sky” andProperty

considered profound and is responsible for basic vocabulary words, such as “sky” andThroughout England, Ireland, France, and Russia,Property

Throughout England, Ireland, France, and Russia,For example, in England, the place names endingProperty

For example, in England, the place names ending

of d. were a powerful society

of d. were a powerful society


The .

The .

The ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about the findings of the archaeologists?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about the findings of the archaeologists?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The hunting techniques of Vikings

Korea a. The hunting techniques of Vikings

b. Why Vikings were hated by so many people

Korea b. Why Vikings were hated by so many people

c. The importance of peace among nations

Korea c. The importance of peace among nations

d. The extraordinary craft skills of Vikings

Korea d. The extraordinary craft skills of Vikings


a. The hunting techniques of VikingsCo.a. The hunting techniques of Vikings

1. What makes you happy?2. What makes you sad?3. Have you ever been depressed?

DepressionPre-reading activity

06

miss to regret the absence of something orsomeone

usually most of the time

often frequentlyresult to happen because of, to arise fromactivity a specific deed, action, function, etc.

1 Have you ever felt sad? Everyone feels sad sometimes. Many things can make aperson feel sad. You might feel sad because you miss your best friend. Youmight feel sad because you didn’t do well on a test. Or, you might feel sadbecause you’re away from home and you feel homesick. Although we all feelsad sometimes, depression is less common and much more serious. How canwe tell whether we are just sad or depressed? If someone is depressed, whatcan be done?

2 When someone feels sad, they usually know why they feel sad and that thesadness will pass. Something has happened in the person’s life that they feelsad about, and they know they will feel better after some time has passed.When someone is depressed, they often don’t know why they are depressed,and the depression can be so severe that it feels like it will never pass.Depression can be so severe that a person suffering from depression thinks thatlife isn’t worth living and takes his or her own life.

3 Many doctors are concerned about depression in our society and the number ofsuicides resulting from depression. Doctors take signs of depression veryseriously. To diagnose depression, doctors look to see if the person is havingtrouble sleeping or sleeping too much, losing interest in activities, or feelinghopeless. Whenever doctors see these signs, they take immediate action.

35


a. Most Vikings were farmers, traders, or seafarers.

b. Vikings were famous for their pottery-making skills.

c. Vikings were considered a caring and thoughtful society.

d. The word “Viking” means “friendly” in Old Norse.

e. The Vikings settled and conquered places in Europe, Iceland, Greenland, andNorth America.

f. Some Vikings plundered and pillaged towns throughout Europe.

Who do you admire most?

Model response


The I admire most is my grandmother. My died

when my father and uncle were very young. My grandmother had to get a

and raise my father and his brother on her own. Despite this, my

father says my grandmother was a mother and that she filled their

small house with love and . I my grandmother, for

her strength and courage.


Summary

Speaking

laughter grandfather admire person wonderful job

34

Property

Property

Property

Property

Property I admire most is my grandmother. My

Property I admire most is my grandmother. My


Property



Property


mother and that she filled their

Property

mother and that she filled their

. I

Property

. I


2. Using your own words, answer the question above. Then talk to the class.Property of of of of of laughter grandfather admire person wonderful jobof laughter grandfather admire person wonderful joblaughter grandfather admire person wonderful job

The ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker Have you ever felt sad? Everyone feels sad sometimes. Many things can make a

ChoiceMaker Have you ever felt sad? Everyone feels sad sometimes. Many things can make a

person feel sad. You might feel sad because you

ChoiceMaker person feel sad. You might feel sad because you

might feel sad because you didn’t do well on a test. Or, you might feel sad

ChoiceMaker

might feel sad because you didn’t do well on a test. Or, you might feel sadbecause you’re away from home and you feel homesick. Although we all feel

ChoiceMaker

because you’re away from home and you feel homesick. Although we all feelsad sometimes, depression is less common and much more serious. How can

ChoiceMaker

sad sometimes, depression is less common and much more serious. How canwe tell whether we are just sad or depressed? If someone is depressed, what

ChoiceMaker

we tell whether we are just sad or depressed? If someone is depressed, what

Korea

Korea

Have you ever felt sad? Everyone feels sad sometimes. Many things can make aKorea

Have you ever felt sad? Everyone feels sad sometimes. Many things can make a

Co.Co.DepressionCo.DepressionCo.



1. common a. serious

2. severe b. feelings

3. concern c. frequent

4. sign d. symptom

5. emotions e. feelings

Main idea


a. Talking b. Sadness

c. Depression d. Doctors

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, depression .

a. can be difficult to live with

b. is common amongst teenagers

c. is what you feel when you are homesick

d. can be so severe that it may feel like it will never pass

2. According to paragraph 3, when doctors see signs of depression they

.

a. lose interest in activities b. take immediate action

c. feel hopeless d. go to sleep

3. According to paragraph 5, serotonin .

a. is a chemical that helps our brains function

b. is a combination of talking and medication

c. diagnoses patients with depression

d. is a medication doctors take

Vocabulary Study I


Depression 06

37

combination a mix

4 The first step in the treatment of depression is to talk. Talking about feelingscan help the doctor diagnose depression, and it can help the person cure theirdepression. Many people keep their emotions inside of them. These suppressedemotions can build up and suddenly come out in unhealthy ways. Some peoplerelease their suppressed emotions as anger. They may become angry withfriends or family. Other people’s suppressed emotions are turned inside onthemselves. This can result in suicide. Talking about emotions helps people todeal with them in healthy ways.

5 Once a doctor has diagnosed a person as suffering from depression, treatmentis available. Depression is related to serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin is achemical in our brains that help our brains function properly. Doctors can givea patient medication that will help return serotonin levels to their normallevels. A combination of talking about emotions and medication is veryeffective in treating depression.

6 Depression is a growing problem in our society. To confront this problem wemust first recognize when a person is depressed. If a person is depressed,medication and talking about suppressed emotions are effective ways to treatdepression. We all have bad days and feel sad, but if you feel like you willalways be sad or that life isn’t worth living, you should talk to someone. That isthe first step to feeling better.

36

Property

Property

Property of T

he medication and talking about suppressed emotions are effective ways to treat

The medication and talking about suppressed emotions are effective ways to treatdepression. We all have bad days and feel sad, but if you feel like you will

The depression. We all have bad days and feel sad, but if you feel like you willalways be sad or that life isn’t worth living, you should talk to someone. That isThe always be sad or that life isn’t worth living, you should talk to someone. That is

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

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Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K

orea 5. emotions

Korea 5. emotions



a. seriousCo.a. serious

b. feelingsCo.b. feelings

Main idea


a. The close relationship between success and health

b. The importance of talking in treating depression

c. Various factors affecting depression

d. Why people must suppress their emotions

Details

1. What is true about negative emotions?

a. The best way to deal with them is by suppressing them.

b. In reality, negative feelings are good for your health.

c. Most negative emotions come from stress.

d. Releasing them violently can be bad for your health.

2. What is true about depression?

a. The patient clearly knows its causes.

b. Talking about emotions can help to treat it.

c. The majority of people suffer from it.

d. We cannot cure it at all.

To diagnose depression, doctors look to see if the person is having trouble sleepingor sleeping too much, losing interest in activities, or feeling hopeless.


a. To diagnose depression, doctors look to see if the person is having troublesleeping or sleeping too much.

b. Doctors look to see if the person is having trouble sleeping or sleeping toomuch, losing interest in activities, or feeling hopeless, to diagnose depression.

c. Doctors look to see whether the person is having difficulty sleeping or sleepingtoo much, or losing interest in activities, to diagnose depression.

d. To diagnose depression, doctors look to see if the person is feeling sad.


Paraphrasing

Depression 06

39

Word root: un

1. unhealthy = un (not) + healthy (whole)

unfinished = un (not) + finished (over)

unfortunate = un (not) + fortunate (chance, luck)

2. unhealthy: not whole → sick, not good for health

unfinished: not over → not completed

unfortunate: not lucky → unlucky


a. Getting a flat tire was .

b. The teacher was angry because the student turned his paper in .

c. Eating too much sugar is .


The purpose of the passage is to .

a. inform doctors about depression b. inform readers about depression

c. make the reader feel sad d. make people feel depressed

Coherence


If you think you or someone you know might be suffering from depression, youshould talk to your doctor, a teacher, or a parent.

Depression is a growing problem in our society. To confront this problem we mustfirst recognize when a person is depressed. If a person is depressed, medication andtalking about suppressed emotions are effective ways to treat depression. We all havebad days and feel sad, but if you feel like you will always be sad or that life isn’tworth living, you should talk to someone. That is the first step to feeling better.

Vocabulary Study II


unhealthy unfinished unfortunate

38

Property



If you think you or someone you know might be suffering from depression, you

Property

If you think you or someone you know might be suffering from depression, youshould talk to your doctor, a teacher, or a parent.

Property

should talk to your doctor, a teacher, or a parent.

Depression is a growing problem in our society. To confront this problem we must

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Depression is a growing problem in our society. To confront this problem we mustfirst recognize when a person is depressed. Property

first recognize when a person is depressed. Property

If a person is depressed, medication andProperty

If a person is depressed, medication andtalking about suppressed emotions are effective ways to treat depression. We all haveProperty

talking about suppressed emotions are effective ways to treat depression. We all havebad days and feel sad, but if you feel like you will always be sad or that life isn’tProperty

bad days and feel sad, but if you feel like you will always be sad or that life isn’t

of d. make people feel depressed

of d. make people feel depressed


The a. inform doctors about depression b. inform readers about depressionThe a. inform doctors about depression b. inform readers about depression

d. make people feel depressedThe d. make people feel depressed

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about negative emotions?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about negative emotions?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The close relationship between success and health

Korea a. The close relationship between success and health

b. The importance of talking in treating depression

Korea b. The importance of talking in treating depression

c. Various factors affecting depression

Korea c. Various factors affecting depression

d. Why people must suppress their emotions

Korea d. Why people must suppress their emotions


a. The close relationship between success and healthCo.a. The close relationship between success and health

4141

1. Can you imagine an animal heavy enough to shake the ground when it walks?

2. What killed the dinosaurs?3. What do you think of when you think of a dinosaur?

DinosaursPre-reading activity

07

1 Dinosaurs were one of the most successful animals ever to live. Theydominated life on Earth for over 165 million years before they mysteriouslydisappeared 65 million years ago. Sir Richard Owen first used the termdinosaur, which means “terrible lizard,” in 1842 to describe these animals thatlived long before the first people. Since the time of Sir Richard Owen, much hasbeen learned about dinosaurs, but there are still many unanswered questions.

2 Dinosaurs were an extremely varied group of animals. Paleontologists haveidentified over five hundred species of dinosaurs; it is believed that over fourtimes that number may have existed. Some dinosaurs were quadrupeds andothers were bipeds; some were carnivores and others were herbivores. Despitethe great variety of dinosaurs, they all had a few characteristics in common.First of all, they lived during the Mesozoic Era and had an upright structure.Their legs were set directly under the body. Finally, their hips resembled thoseof a bird or lizard, but they lived on land. These fantastic animals were some ofthe most unusual that ever walked on Earth.

3 Sauroposeidon is the largest animal to ever walk the Earth. It weighed 60 tonsand was 18 meters tall. Its name means “earthquake god lizard.” It would haveshaken the ground when it walked and could have peered in a sixth storywindow. Although the name dinosaur usually brings to mind something big,not all dinosaurs were giants. Compsognathus was the smallest dinosaur; itwas about the size of a chicken. The average dinosaur was about the same sizeas a modern hippopotamus.

species a class of living things that sharecharacteristics that allow themreproduce with one another

exist to have life, to live

quadruped an animal that walked on all fourlegs

biped an animal that walked on two legston a unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds

40


a. Depression can be treated.

b. Nothing can be done to help people suffering from depression.

c. The first step to treating depression is talking about emotions.

d. Depressed people are usually happy.

e. Being depressed is different from being sad.

f. If you are sad because your friend moved away, you are probably depressed.

Would you rather read a book or watch television? Why?

Model response


I would rather a book than television. I think

reading is more relaxing than watching . When I read, I close myself

off from the busy around me and focus on what I’m reading.

Reading a book is than watching television.


Summary

Speaking

world better watch read television

Property television. I think

Property television. I think

. When I read, I close myself

Property . When I read, I close myself

around me and focus on what I’m reading.

Property

around me and focus on what I’m reading.

than watching television.

Property

than watching television.


Property


of of of of of television. I thinkof television. I think

world better watch read television

of world better watch read televisionworld better watch read television The The The The The

world better watch read television The world better watch read televisionworld better watch read television

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker Dinosaurs were one of the most successful animals ever to live. They

ChoiceMaker Dinosaurs were one of the most successful animals ever to live. They

dominated life on Earth for over 165 million years before they mysteriously

ChoiceMaker dominated life on Earth for over 165 million years before they mysteriously

disappeared 65 million years ago. Sir Richard Owen first used the term

ChoiceMaker

disappeared 65 million years ago. Sir Richard Owen first used the termdinosaur

ChoiceMaker

dinosaurlived long before the first people. Since the time of Sir Richard Owen, much has

ChoiceMaker

lived long before the first people. Since the time of Sir Richard Owen, much hasbeen learned about dinosaurs, but there are still many unanswered questions.

ChoiceMaker

been learned about dinosaurs, but there are still many unanswered questions.

Korea

Korea

Dinosaurs were one of the most successful animals ever to live. TheyKorea

Dinosaurs were one of the most successful animals ever to live. They

Co.Co.DinosaursCo.DinosaursCo.



1. peer a. typical

2. average b. hit

3. struck c. interest

4. create d. look

5. intrigue e. make

Main idea


a. Dinosaurs b. Sauroposeidon

c. God d. Paleontologists

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, what have paleontologists identified?

a. The Mesozoic Era

b. Some quadrupeds and some bipeds

c. Two thousand species of dinosaurs

d. More than five thousand species of dinosaurs.

2. According to paragraph 3, sauroposeidons .

a. were the smallest dinosaurs to ever walk the Earth

b. could have looked in a sixth story window

c. were an average size dinosaur

d. were six meters tall

3. According to paragraph 4, what do scientists believe?

a. Dinosaurs were observed by humans.

b. Some dinosaurs lived in packs.

c. Computer simulations provide proof that dinosaurs were very big.

d. Crocodiles and birds are quick and agile.

Vocabulary Study I


Dinosaurs 07

43

4 Of course, no humans ever observed dinosaur behavior, but paleontologists areable to make some inferences about how dinosaurs lived. To learn aboutdinosaur behavior, scientists examine the pose of fossil evidence, computersimulations of biomechanics, and the behavior of modern animals. Forexample, there have been fossil sites of thirty or more fossilized dinosaurs. Thisevidence leads scientists to conclude that some dinosaurs lived in packs, muchlike modern elephants. Computer simulations can provide some evidenceabout how fast dinosaurs could run. It was once thought that dinosaurs wereslow moving, but computer simulations have shown that these animals wereprobably quick and agile. The behavior of crocodiles and birds – dinosaur’sclosest living relatives – can provide clues to how dinosaurs might have lived.

5 What could have brought these highly successful animals to extinction? Thereare several theories that attempt to explain the sudden extinction of thedinosaurs. The most popular theory is that an asteroid hit the Earth andresulted in the mass extinction. There is evidence that an asteroid struck nearthe Yucatan Peninsula in what is today Mexico. Supporters of this theorybelieve that the heat created by the impact killed many dinosaurs almostimmediately. An impact of this size would have created a massive cloud ofdebris that would have encircled the Earth. A cloud of this size would havecaused drastic climate change. Many scientists believe that climate changekilled the remaining dinosaurs.

6 Even 65 million years after they last walked the Earth, dinosaurs still spark ourinterest. These magnificent creatures are so intriguing that they frequently enterour modern culture through books and movies. Although we may never knowfor certain what killed the dinosaurs, we can be sure that they will continue tolive on in our imaginations.

asteroid a rock from outer space

42

Property for certain what killed the dinosaurs, we can be sure that they will continue to

Property for certain what killed the dinosaurs, we can be sure that they will continue to

Property

Property of

Even 65 million years after they last walked the Earth, dinosaurs still spark our

of Even 65 million years after they last walked the Earth, dinosaurs still spark ourinterest. These magnificent creatures are so intriguing that they frequently enter

of interest. These magnificent creatures are so intriguing that they frequently enterour modern culture through books and movies. Although we may never knowof our modern culture through books and movies. Although we may never knowfor certain what killed the dinosaurs, we can be sure that they will continue toof for certain what killed the dinosaurs, we can be sure that they will continue to

The caused drastic climate change. Many scientists believe that climate change

The caused drastic climate change. Many scientists believe that climate change

Even 65 million years after they last walked the Earth, dinosaurs still spark ourThe Even 65 million years after they last walked the Earth, dinosaurs still spark ourinterest. These magnificent creatures are so intriguing that they frequently enterThe interest. These magnificent creatures are so intriguing that they frequently enter

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K



a. typicalCo.a. typical

b. hitCo.b. hit

Main idea


a. Theories about climate changes in the modern age

b. Theories about the extinction of dinosaurs

c. Theories about the atmosphere of the Earth

d. Theories about the movement of heat

Details

1. What is true about dinosaurs?

a. There were no big dinosaurs.

b. Some of them are still living in Africa.

c. They adapted themselves to climate changes.

d. They disappeared suddenly.

2. What is true about the asteroid hitting the Earth?

a. It resulted in the growth of dinosaur populations.

b. It had nothing to do with climate changes.

c. Its heat could have killed many dinosaurs.

d. It helped many dinosaurs grow well.

To learn about dinosaur behavior, scientists examine the pose of fossil evidence,computer simulations of biomechanics, and the behavior of modern animals.


a. To learn about dinosaur behavior, scientists examine the pose of fossil,computer simulations, and the behavior of modern animals.

b. Scientists examine the pose of fossil proof, computer simulations ofbiomechanics, and the behavior of modern animals, to find out about dinosaurbehavior.

c. The behavior of modern animals are examined by scientists.

d. The pose of fossil evidence and computer simulations are examined.


Paraphrasing

Dinosaurs 07

45

Word root: bi

1. biped = bi (two) + ped (foot)

bicycle = bi (two) + cycle (wheel)

bilingual = bi (two) + lingual (language)

2. biped: two feet → walking on two feet

bicycle: two wheels → two wheeled vehicle

bilingual: two languages → speaks two languages


a. He rode his to school.

b. Birds are animals.

c. He can speak English and Korean; he is .



a. all dinosaurs were the same size

b. paleontologists don’t know anything about dinosaurs

c. dinosaurs still have a lot to learn about scientists

d. scientists still have a lot to learn about dinosaurs

Coherence


It weighed the same as 20 elephants.

Sauroposeidon is the largest animal to ever walk the Earth. It weighed 60 tons andwas 18 meters tall. Its name means “earthquake god lizard.” It would have shakenthe ground when it walked and could have peered in a sixth story window.

Vocabulary Study II


biped bicycle bilingual

44

Property

Property


Property


Property


Sauroposeidon is the largest animal to ever walk the Earth. It weighed 60 tons andProperty

Sauroposeidon is the largest animal to ever walk the Earth. It weighed 60 tons andIts name means “earthquake god lizard.” Property

Its name means “earthquake god lizard.” the ground when it walked and could have peered in a sixth story window. Property

the ground when it walked and could have peered in a sixth story window.

of The Choice

Maker 1. What is true about dinosaurs?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about dinosaurs?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. Theories about climate changes in the modern age

Korea a. Theories about climate changes in the modern age

b. Theories about the extinction of dinosaurs

Korea b. Theories about the extinction of dinosaurs

c. Theories about the atmosphere of the Earth

Korea c. Theories about the atmosphere of the Earth

d. Theories about the movement of heat

Korea d. Theories about the movement of heat


a. Theories about climate changes in the modern ageCo.a. Theories about climate changes in the modern age

1. What do you know about the American Civil War?2. Who fought in the Civil War?3. How did it start?

The American Civil WarPre-reading activity

08

legal lawful economy the financial wealth of a place

political relating to the governmentlimit to restrict

1 The American Civil War (1861 – 1865) was the four bloodiest years in thenation’s history. Nearly a million people died on both sides during the war,more than all other American war deaths combined. The war was fought overstates’ right to secede from the United States of America. The eleven SouthernStates seceded from the U.S.A. and formed the Confederate States of America.The United States of America (the “Union”) was led by Abraham Lincoln, andthe Confederate States of America (the “Confederacy”) was led by JeffersonDavis. Hostilities broke out when confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter onApril 12, 1861.

2 The causes of the Civil War centered on slavery and states’ rights. Since thefounding of the U.S.A., there had always been conflict between the SouthernStates, where slavery was legal and a vital part of the economy, and theNorthern States, where slavery was illegal. The abolition of slavery was themajor political issue of the times. The country was expanding to the west. Eachtime a new territory was added to the country, there was a debate as to whetherslavery should be legal in the new territories. Abolitionists – people whowanted to abolish slavery – and those who were pro-slavery thought that ifslavery were limited to the Southern States it would wither and die.

47


a. All dinosaurs walked on two legs.

b. Scientists can learn about dinosaur behavior by observing crocodiles and birds.

c. Some people believe an asteroid hit the Earth, leading to the extinction ofdinosaurs.

d. A dinosaur was the largest animal to ever walk on Earth.

e. A dinosaur was the smallest animal to ever walk on Earth.

f. The term dinosaur means “beautiful lizard.”

Who was your favorite elementary school teacher? Why?

Model response


Mrs. Bee was my favorite school teacher. She was my

grade homeroom teacher. She was very kind and .

Because she was so nice, we always tried to for her. She was a

wonderful .


Summary

Speaking

behave caring teacher elementary second

46

Property

Property

Property

Property

Property school teacher. She was my

Property school teacher. She was my

grade homeroom teacher. She was very kind and

Property

grade homeroom teacher. She was very kind and

for her. She was a

Property

for her. She was a


Property


Property of of of of of behave caring teacher elementary secondof behave caring teacher elementary secondbehave caring teacher elementary second

The ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker The American Civil War (1861 – 1865) was the four bloodiest years in the

ChoiceMaker The American Civil War (1861 – 1865) was the four bloodiest years in the

nation’s history. Nearly a million people died on both sides during the war,

ChoiceMaker nation’s history. Nearly a million people died on both sides during the war,

more than all other American war deaths combined. The war was fought over

ChoiceMaker

more than all other American war deaths combined. The war was fought overstates’ right to secede from the United States of America. The eleven Southern

ChoiceMaker

states’ right to secede from the United States of America. The eleven SouthernStates seceded from the U.S.A. and formed the Confederate States of America.

ChoiceMaker

States seceded from the U.S.A. and formed the Confederate States of America.The United States of America (the “Union”) was led by Abraham Lincoln, and

ChoiceMaker

The United States of America (the “Union”) was led by Abraham Lincoln, and

Korea

Korea

The American Civil War (1861 – 1865) was the four bloodiest years in theKorea

The American Civil War (1861 – 1865) was the four bloodiest years in the

Co.Co.The American Civil War

Co.The American Civil War



1. secede a. focused

2. centered b. give up

3. conflict c. separate

4. abolish d. dispute

5. surrender e. eradicate

Main idea


a. The American Civil War b. The Southern States

c. The Northern States d. The Confederate States of America

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, what was the major political issue prior to the CivilWar?

a. The causes of the Civil War b. The Northern States

c. The abolition of slavery d. Territories being added to the country

2. According to paragraph 3, what sparked the events that led to the Civil War?

a. South Carolina seceding from the Union

b. The election of Abraham Lincoln as President

c. The country being gripped in a series of bloody battles

d. General Lee being on the defensive

3. According to paragraph 4, what had happened by 1864?

a. General Lee was on the defensive.

b. The North had a huge advantage in manpower, industry, and finances.

c. There was an “Anaconda.”

d. Lee had surrendered his army to U.S. Grant.

Vocabulary Study I


The American Civil War 08

49

defensive a position where one is only trying tofend off attacks

reconciliation the act of becoming compatible,friendly, consistent again

3 The election of Abraham Lincoln as President in 1860 sparked the events thatled to war. He was an abolitionist, but he did not advocate abolishing slavery inthe Southern States. Instead, he wanted to limit slavery by making it illegal inthe new territories. Southerners took Lincoln’s election as a sign that their wayof life was under attack; war was inevitable. Shortly after the election, SouthCarolina seceded from the Union; other states followed their lead. By 1862 thenation was gripped in a series of bloody battles.

4 The North had a huge advantage in manpower, industry, and finances. TheUnion’s battle plan was to impose a naval blockade of the Southern ports in aneffort to strangle the Confederacy’s economy. Once weakened, it was hopedthat the Confederacy would fall with a minimal loss of life. This plan becameknown as “Anaconda.” The South proved to be resilient. Under General RobertE. Lee, the confederate armies inflicted heavy losses on the Union armies.Finally by 1864, the Union armies, under the command of U. S. Grant, wereable to put General Lee on the defensive. Lee surrendered his army to U.S.Grant in 1865, ending the war.

5 The end of the war was a huge relief to the war-weary nation. Americans paida huge price during the Civil War. As a result of the war, the nation waspreserved as one and slavery was ended. It was the end of an era and thebeginning of another. Many years of reconciliation and rebuilding lay ahead.

48

Property

reconciliation Property

reconciliation Property

Property of and rebuilding lay ahead.

of and rebuilding lay ahead.The The end of the war was a huge relief to the war-weary nation. Americans paid

The The end of the war was a huge relief to the war-weary nation. Americans paida huge price during the Civil War. As a result of the war, the nation was

The a huge price during the Civil War. As a result of the war, the nation waspreserved as one and slavery was ended. It was the end of an era and theThe preserved as one and slavery was ended. It was the end of an era and the

and rebuilding lay ahead.The and rebuilding lay ahead.

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K

orea 5. surrender

Korea 5. surrender



a. focusedCo.a. focused

b. give upCo.b. give up

Main idea

What is the lecture mainly about? a. The influence of Abraham Lincoln on modern democracyb. What caused the American Civil War c. The French Revolution d. How to win a presidential election

Details

1. What is true about Abraham Lincoln? a. He was the 6th President of the United States.b. As a child, he was very rich. c. He had nothing to do with the American Civil War. d. He was against slavery.

2. What is true about Southerners during Lincoln’s presidency? a. They liked him a lot.b. All of them believed that he was the greatest President.c. They felt threatened by his policy.d. They believed that he would stop the American Civil War.

Since the founding of the U.S.A., there had always been conflict between the Southern States, where slavery was legal and a vital part of the economy, and theNorthern States where slavery was illegal.


a. Since the founding of the U.S.A., there had always been a good relationshipbetween the Northern States and the Southern States.

b. For a long time, the Southern States and the Northern states had had conflict.

c. Since the founding of the U.S.A., there had always been conflict between theNorthern States, where slavery was illegal, and the Southern States, whereslavery was legal and an important part of the economy.

d. Since the founding of the U.S.A., slavery had been legal in the Southern States.


Paraphrasing

The American Civil War 08

51

Word root: bio

1. biology = bio (life) + ology (study)

biography = bio (life) + graphy (written record)

biometric = bio (life) + metric (measure)

2. biology: the study of life → the scientific study of life

biography: written record of a life → story of a person’s life

biometric: measuring life → the study of life through measurements


a. I just read a about Abraham Lincoln’s life.

b. The science of studies whales.

c. The science of studies how many whales there are.



a. the Civil War was about man power

b. the Civil War was about industry

c. most people in the Southern States were anti-slavery

d. most people in the Northern States were anti-slavery

Coherence


The South had to make up for its lack of resources with commitment to fight for its way of life.

The North had a huge advantage in manpower, industry, and finances. TheUnion’s battle plan was to impose a naval blockade of the Southern ports in an effortto strangle the Confederacy’s economy. Once weakened, it was hoped that theConfederacy would fall with a minimal loss of life.

Vocabulary Study II


biology biography biometrics

50

Property

Property


Property


Property


The South had to make up for its lack of resources with commitment to fight

Property

The South had to make up for its lack of resources with commitment to fight

The North had a huge advantage in manpower, industry, and finances. Property

The North had a huge advantage in manpower, industry, and finances. Union’s battle plan was to impose a naval blockade of the Southern ports in an effortProperty

Union’s battle plan was to impose a naval blockade of the Southern ports in an effortOnce weakened, it was hoped that theProperty

Once weakened, it was hoped that the

of The Choice

Maker 1. What is true about Abraham Lincoln?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about Abraham Lincoln?

a. He was the 6th President of the United States.

ChoiceMaker

a. He was the 6th President of the United States.b. As a child, he was very rich.

ChoiceMaker

b. As a child, he was very rich. c. He had nothing to do with the American Civil War.

ChoiceMaker

c. He had nothing to do with the American Civil War.


Korea What is the lecture mainly about? a. The influence of Abraham Lincoln on modern democracy

Korea a. The influence of Abraham Lincoln on modern democracyb. What caused the American Civil War

Korea b. What caused the American Civil War c. The French Revolution

Korea c. The French Revolution d. How to win a presidential election

Korea d. How to win a presidential election


a. The influence of Abraham Lincoln on modern democracyCo.a. The influence of Abraham Lincoln on modern democracy

5353

1. What simple things can you do to improve your health?2. How much water do you drink?3. How much water do you need?

The Health Benefitsof WaterPre-reading activity

09

1 Imagine that doctors developed a new miracle drug that had many health

benefits – with no side effects – and was readily available. Pharmaceutical

companies spend billions of dollars every year developing new drugs, and

consumers spend millions each year on medication. Many of these drugs have

helped to cure countless people, but doctors are beginning to recognize the

health benefits of something that has always been around – a simple glass of

water. That’s right – just normal clean water. More and more doctors are telling

their patients about the many health benefits of water.

2 Doctors believe that many health problems are caused or made worse by

dehydration – not having enough water in the body. Most people are

dehydrated at least some of the time and aren’t aware of it. That is a big part of

the problem; we can be dehydrated and not know it. If you are thirsty most of

the time, you are probably already dehydrated. We should be drinking water

long before we feel thirsty. If we keep enough water in our bodies, we could

avoid many health problems.

drug a chemical substance used in the treatment,cure

billion 1,000,000,000 units of something

52


a. Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1864.

b. The Southern States were pro-slavery and the Northern States were anti-slavery.

c. Slavery ended at the end of the Civil War.

d. The primary issues of the Civil War were slavery and states’ rights.

e. Fort Sumter was attacked in 1860.

f. The Southern States won the war.

What does your mother look like?

Model response


My mother is . She isn’t tall or short. She is height.

She has long, straight, dark-brown hair and brown eyes. She never wears jeans and

wears pants. She usually wears skirts. I hope I look

like her when I am .


Summary

Speaking

beautiful medium rarely long older

Property She has long, straight, dark-brown hair and brown eyes. She never wears jeans and

Property She has long, straight, dark-brown hair and brown eyes. She never wears jeans and

skirts. I hope I look

Property

skirts. I hope I look


Property


Property of of of of of of beautiful medium rarely long older

of beautiful medium rarely long olderbeautiful medium rarely long older The The The The The Choice

Maker

ChoiceMaker Imagine that doctors developed a new miracle

ChoiceMaker Imagine that doctors developed a new miracle

benefits – with no side effects – and was readily available. Pharmaceutical

ChoiceMaker benefits – with no side effects – and was readily available. Pharmaceutical

companies spend

ChoiceMaker

companies spend


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker


Korea

Korea

Imagine that doctors developed a new miracle Korea

Imagine that doctors developed a new miracle

Co.Co.of WaterCo.of WaterCo.



1. benefits a. prevent

2. cure b. advantages

3. avoid c. prompt

4. associated d. related

5. remind e. heal

Main idea


a. Concerns of doctors b. The benefits of drinking water

c. Drugs that help people d. Dehydration

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, what should we do to avoid many health problems?

a. Feel thirsty b. Drink a lot of water

c. Become dehydrated d. Be dehydrated some of the time

2. According to paragraph 3, drinking enough water may improve overall health by

.

a. making people feel less thirsty b. making people feel more thirsty

c. helping to control body weight d. reducing the risk of heart attack

3. According to paragraph 4, which is not a tip to help you keep enough water in

your body?

a. Drink at least two glasses of water a day.

b. Have a glass of water as soon as you get up in the morning.

c. Carry a bottle of water with you throughout the day.

d. Don’t wait until you are thirsty to drink.

Vocabulary Study I


The Health Benefits of Water 09

55

3 Problems associated with dehydration include headaches, high blood pressure,

asthma, and arthritis. One of the most important findings associated with

adequate water intake is that drinking enough water reduces the risk of having

a heart attack. Doctors studied 20,000 women and men. Those who drank at

least five glasses of water a day had forty-one percent fewer heart attacks than

those who drank two or fewer glasses of water per day. In addition to having

benefits for certain diseases, drinking enough water may also improve overall

health by helping to control body weight. Doctors believe that people often

believe that they are hungry when they are actually thirsty. People who drink

more water eat less food and lose weight.

4 For most of us it is hard to tell when we are dehydrated, so how can we be sure

we are drinking enough water? Here are some tips to help you keep enough

water in your body. First, have a glass of water as soon as you get up in the

morning. This will ensure that you get off to a good start. Second, carry a bottle

of water with you throughout the day. If you always have fresh water with

you, it will remind you to take a sip. Finally, don’t wait until you are thirsty to

drink. If you are thirsty, you are already dehydrated. Follow these three simple

suggestions and you will be on your way to improving your health.

adequate enoughtip helpful advice

throughout all overremind to bring to memory

54

Property

throughout Property

throughout remind Property

remind Property

Property of T

he drink. If you are thirsty, you are already dehydrated. Follow these three simple

The drink. If you are thirsty, you are already dehydrated. Follow these three simple ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K



a. preventCo.a. prevent

b. advantagesCo.b. advantages

Main idea


a. The treatment of high blood pressure

b. Water pollution in America

c. The danger of drinking water every day

d. The health benefits of drinking water

Details

1. What is true about arthritis?

a. It is a fatal disease.

b. Only children develop it.

c. It can be caused by lack of water intake.

d. It cannot be prevented by any means.

2. How many glasses of water is good for your health?

a. Fewer than two glasses of water every day

b. Three glasses of water per day

c. Fewer than four glasses of water per day

d. More than five glasses of water every day.

Problems associated with dehydration include headaches, high blood pressure,asthma, and arthritis.


a. Headaches, high blood pressure, asthma, and arthritis are problems associatedwith dehydration.

b. Headaches and high blood pressure are problems associated with dehydration.

c. Dehydration is a problem associated with headaches, high blood pressure,asthma, and arthritis.

d. Problems associated with headaches include dehydration, high blood pressure,and arthritis.


Paraphrasing

The Health Benefits of Water 09

57

Word root: hydra

1. dehydration = de (down) + hydra (water) + tion (noun forming)

carbohydrate = carbo (carbon) + hydrate (water)

hydrofoil = hydro (water) + foil (thin sheet of metal)

2. dehydration: low water → removal of water

carbohydrate: carbon and water → made of carbon and water

hydrofoil: water sheet of metal → a boat that moves through water on wings


a. Eating gives you energy.

b. We rode on a .

c. is a problem caused by not drinking enough water.


What is the purpose of the passage?

a. To inform doctors of the risks associated with dehydration

b. To inform doctors of the health benefits of water

c. To inform the reader of the advantages of drinking water

d. To inform the reader of the risks of heart attacks

Coherence


This is related to a common misunderstanding.

In addition to having benefits for certain diseases, drinking enough water may alsoimprove overall health by helping to control body weight. Doctors believe thatpeople often believe that they are hungry when they are actually thirsty. People whodrink more water eat less food and lose weight.

Vocabulary Study II


dehydration carbohydrates hydrofoil

56

Property

Property


Property


Property



Property


In addition to having benefits for certain diseases, drinking enough water may alsoProperty

In addition to having benefits for certain diseases, drinking enough water may alsoimprove overall health by helping to control body weight. Property

improve overall health by helping to control body weight.

of The Choice

Maker 1. What is true about arthritis?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about arthritis?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The treatment of high blood pressure

Korea a. The treatment of high blood pressure

b. Water pollution in America

Korea b. Water pollution in America

c. The danger of drinking water every day

Korea c. The danger of drinking water every day

d. The health benefits of drinking water

Korea d. The health benefits of drinking water


a. The treatment of high blood pressureCo.a. The treatment of high blood pressure

1. What do you need to be healthy?2. Are water, air, and food enough to be healthy?3. What are essential nutrients?

Essential NutrientsPre-reading activity

10

nutrient a source of nourishmentmineral any of the inorganic elements such as

iron, calcium, etc. that is needed by thebody

category any general or comprehensive divisionvitamin any of the organic substances that are

needed in small quantities for normalmetabolism

1 What does your body need to stay alive and function properly? We all know

we need food, water, and air, but we also need substances that our bodies can’t

synthesize. These are the essential nutrients. Essential nutrients are substances

which are necessary for the body to perform all of its basic metabolic functions

but which cannot be processed by the body. For example, dietary minerals

cannot be synthesized by living things, but some minerals are necessary for

living things to function properly. Iron is an example of a dietary mineral that is

essential for humans to live. Iron is necessary for the production of red blood

cells, but it is not synthesized into the body. Instead, it is recycled until it is lost

from the body. The major categories of essential nutrients are vitamins, dietary

minerals, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids.

2 Iron is typical of most essential nutrients; it is needed in only small amounts

and is reused by the body. Unlike food, water, and air, a deficiency in essential

nutrients can go unnoticed for a long time. If the body is deficient in essential

nutrients for too long, this can lead to disease. In the 1700s, sailors on long

voyages used to get scurvy, which is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C. To

remain healthy, the sailors began to bring citrus fruits, which are rich in vitamin

C, with them on their voyages.

59


a. Water has many health benefits.

b. The health benefits of water are made worse by water.

c. If you are thirsty, you should eat something.

d. You should drink two glasses of water per day.

e. Dehydration can lead to headaches, high blood pressure, asthma, and arthritis.

f. You should drink water throughout the day.

What’s your favorite sport? Why?

Model response


My favorite is tennis. I like tennis I can play it with

my friends or my family. Unlike sports, children, adults, men, and

women enjoy playing it and can play it . Often my father and I will

play against my mother and my sister. Sometimes we , sometimes

we lose. Either way, I enjoy playing.


Summary

Speaking

because always win sport some together

58

Property sports, children, adults, men, and

Property sports, children, adults, men, and

. Often my father and I will

Property

. Often my father and I will

play against my mother and my sister. Sometimes we

Property

play against my mother and my sister. Sometimes we

enjoy playing.

Property

enjoy playing.



I can play it withof I can play it with

because always win sport some together

of because always win sport some togetherbecause always win sport some togetherThe The The The The

because always win sport some togetherThe because always win sport some togetherbecause always win sport some together

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker What does your body need to stay alive and function properly? We all know

ChoiceMaker What does your body need to stay alive and function properly? We all know

we need food, water, and air, but we also need substances that our bodies can’t

ChoiceMaker we need food, water, and air, but we also need substances that our bodies can’t

synthesize. These are the essential

ChoiceMaker

synthesize. These are the essential


ChoiceMaker


but which cannot be processed by the body. For example, dietary

ChoiceMaker

but which cannot be processed by the body. For example, dietary

Korea

Korea

What does your body need to stay alive and function properly? We all knowKorea

What does your body need to stay alive and function properly? We all know

Co.Co.Essential NutrientsCo.Essential NutrientsCo.



1. substances a. important

2. essential b. material

3. voyage c. work

4. massive d. huge

5. function e. journey

Main idea


a. Essential nutrients b. Food, water, and air

c. Iron d. Diets

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 1, what does your body need to stay alive and functionproperly?

a. Essential nutrients b. Food, water, and air

c. Amino acids d. Food, water, air, and essential nutrients

2. According to paragraph 2, what can happen if a body is deficient in essential

nutrients for too long?

a. It can be refused. b. It can go on a voyage.

c. Disease can occur. d. Sailors can get scurvy.

3. According to paragraph 4, who advises us to eat a wide variety o f natural foods?

a. Doctors b. Nurses

c. Nutritionists d. Children

Vocabulary Study I


Essential Nutrients 10

61

fatty acid a group of acids found in animal andvegetable fats and oils that is neededby the body

massive very large

3 While a lack of some essential nutrients can cause disease, it is also true that an

excess of some essential nutrients can cause problems. For example, the body

needs iron to build red blood cells, but too much iron can cause an excess of

harmful byproducts. Other essential nutrients can be taken in massive amounts

without any ill effects. Linus Pauling, the double Nobel Prize winner, thought

that mega doses of some vitamins could help fight disease.

4 The relationship of essential nutrients to a healthy body is complicated and not

fully understood. Because choosing the exact foods that will ensure good health

may be impossible, nutritionists advise us to eat a wide variety of natural foods

to make sure that we get all of the essential nutrients our bodies need. This

gives us the best chance of obtaining the essential nutrients we need to avoid

disease and keep our bodies functioning at an optimal level.

5 Eating a variety of natural foods will ensure that we have a healthy diet and

receive all of the essential nutrients we need. Essential nutrients are not

synthesized by the body, but they are necessary for good health. Through

intelligent eating habits, we can avoid diseases caused by too little or too much

of the essential nutrients needed by the body.

60

Property

massiveProperty

massiveProperty

Property of T

he intelligent eating habits, we can avoid diseases caused by too little or too much

The intelligent eating habits, we can avoid diseases caused by too little or too much ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K



a. importantCo.a. important

b. materialCo.b. material

Main idea


a. The importance of vitamins in modern life

b. Many problems caused by the lack of essential nutrients

c. The effects of essential nutrients on our health

d. The fascinating findings of Linus Pauling

Details

1. What is true about the lack of essential nutrients?

a. Sometimes, it is good for our health. b. It can help people save money.

c. It can help doctors treat some diseases. d. It can cause various diseases.

2. What is true about Linus Pauling?

a. He was a famous artist.

b. He won the Nobel Prize twice.

c. He warned us about the danger of essential nutrients.

d. He was a Japanese scientist.

Because choosing the exact foods that will ensure good health may be impossible,nutritionists advise us to eat a wide variety of natural foods to make sure that we get all of the essential nutrients our bodies need.


a. Because choosing the exact foods that will ensure good health may beimpossible, nutritionists advise us to eat a wide variety of natural foods.

b. Choosing the exact foods that our bodies need is difficult.

c. It is impossible to choose the exact foods that will assure good health, sonutritionists advise us to eat a wide variety of natural foods to make sure we get all the necessary nutrients our bodies need.

d. Nutritionists advise us to eat a wide variety of natural foods, as it is difficult toknow which foods our bodies need.


Paraphrasing

Essential Nutrients 10

63

Vocabulary Study II


abduct abnormal abdicated

62

Word root: ab

1. abduct = ab (away) + duct (to lead)

abnormal = ab (away) + normal (rule, pattern)

abdicate = ab (away) + dicate (to speak)

2. abduct: to lead away → to kidnap

abnormal: away from the rule → not normal, unusual

abdicate: away to speak → to give up a position


a. The King wanted to retire so he the throne.

b. His eating only chocolate is .

c. The kidnappers wanted to the child.



a. doctors disagree with the author

b. the author thinks it’s important to eat healthy foods

c. fast food contains all the essential nutrients we need to stay healthy

d. fruit and vegetables don’t have essential nutrients

Coherence


However, this theory has not been proven.

For example, the body needs iron to build red blood cells, but too much iron cancause an excess of harmful byproducts. Other essential nutrients can be taken inmassive amounts without any ill effects. Linus Pauling, the double Nobel Prizewinner, thought that mega doses of some vitamins could help fight disease.

Property

Property


Property


Property


For example, the body needs iron to build red blood cells, but too much iron can

Property

For example, the body needs iron to build red blood cells, but too much iron can

Property

Other essential nutrients can be taken inProperty

Other essential nutrients can be taken inProperty

Linus Pauling, the double Nobel PrizeProperty

Linus Pauling, the double Nobel Prizewinner, thought that mega doses of some vitamins could help fight disease.

Property

winner, thought that mega doses of some vitamins could help fight disease.

of c. fast food contains all the essential nutrients we need to stay healthy

of c. fast food contains all the essential nutrients we need to stay healthy The c. fast food contains all the essential nutrients we need to stay healthy The c. fast food contains all the essential nutrients we need to stay healthy

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about the lack of essential nutrients?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about the lack of essential nutrients?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The importance of vitamins in modern life

Korea a. The importance of vitamins in modern life

b. Many problems caused by the lack of essential nutrients

Korea b. Many problems caused by the lack of essential nutrients

c. The effects of essential nutrients on our health

Korea c. The effects of essential nutrients on our health

d. The fascinating findings of Linus Pauling

Korea d. The fascinating findings of Linus Pauling


a. The importance of vitamins in modern lifeCo.a. The importance of vitamins in modern life

64


a. Sailors on long voyages took vitamin C tablets.

b. Essential nutrients are necessary for the body, but the body can’t process them.

c. In addition to food, water, and air, our bodies need essential nutrients.

d. Nutritionists recommend that we eat a variety of natural foods.

e. Natural foods are full of vitamin C.

f. We can avoid diseases by eating unhealthy foods.

What types of music do you like listening to?

Model response


I like to rock music and music. These

of music are very different from each other, but I like listening to

both, depending on my mood. If I’m and need to relax, I listen to

classical music. If I’m in an and fun mood, I listen to rock music.

Although they’re different, I like both these types of music equally.


Summary

Speaking

very listening stressed energetic kinds classical

6565

1. Who is the best known English writer?2. Whose work has been made into more movies than

anyone else?3. Who wrote “Romeo and Juliet”?

WilliamShakespearePre-reading activity

11

1 William Shakespeare was born in a small English town, Stratford-upon-Avon,

on April 23, 1564. From modest beginnings, he worked his way up through the

world of English theater to become one of the leading playwrights of his day.

Although famous during his life, he became even better known after his death.

His work has been translated into every major language in the world. His plays

are more frequently performed and have been made into more movies than

those of any other author. Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer in the

English language and the world’s preeminent dramatist.

2 What is known of Shakespeare’s early life is unremarkable. His father was a

town official, so the family would have been fairly well-off. He probably

attended the local elementary school, although no records have survived. He

married Anne Hathaway when he was 18 years old. Little is known of

Shakespeare’s life from the time he married until he arrived in London seven

years later. There are several stories that attempt to explain what happened to

Shakespeare during those years and how he ended up in London. One of the

most popular stories is that he got into trouble for poaching deer on a

neighbor’s property and had to leave town. Although this is a popular story,

there is no evidence that it is true.

author writerpopular known or believed by many

property something owned by or belonging tosomeone

Property music. These

Property music. These

of music are very different from each other, but I like listening to

Property of music are very different from each other, but I like listening to

and need to relax, I listen to

Property

and need to relax, I listen to

and fun mood, I listen to rock music.

Property

and fun mood, I listen to rock music.

different, I like both these types of music equally.

Property

different, I like both these types of music equally.


Property


Property of of of of of

music. Theseof music. These

very listening stressed energetic kinds classical

of very listening stressed energetic kinds classicalvery listening stressed energetic kinds classicalThe The The The The

very listening stressed energetic kinds classicalThe very listening stressed energetic kinds classicalvery listening stressed energetic kinds classical

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker William Shakespeare was born in a small English town, Stratford-upon-Avon,

ChoiceMaker William Shakespeare was born in a small English town, Stratford-upon-Avon,

on April 23, 1564. From modest beginnings, he worked his way up through the

ChoiceMaker on April 23, 1564. From modest beginnings, he worked his way up through the


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker


Korea

Korea

William Shakespeare was born in a small English town, Stratford-upon-Avon,Korea

William Shakespeare was born in a small English town, Stratford-upon-Avon,

Co.Co.ShakespeareCo.ShakespeareCo.


3 What we do know of Shakespeare is that he was a playwright and actor in

London by 1592. He was part owner of a theater company called “Lord

Chamberlain’s Men.” In 1603, King James I took an interest in the company and

the name was changed to the “King’s Men.” The company performed at the

Globe Theater in London. At this time, successful playwrights and poets were

well known. Shakespeare would have met many of the famous people of the

day, such as kings and queens. Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon in

1613 and died there on his birthday, April 23, 1616.

4 Shakespeare wrote over thirty plays and many of these are considered to be

among the finest plays ever written. He revolutionized the theater, making it

possible to have more complicated plots and characters than ever before. His

plays are divided into comedies, such as A Midsummer Night’s Dream, histories

such as Henry IV, and tragedies such as Macbeth. Part of the reason Shakespeare

is considered such a great writer is that he was able to write great plays in so

many different genres – comedies, tragedies, and histories. Even today,

Shakespeare’s plays, such as King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet, are

enjoyed by audiences, whether they are played in theaters or seen at the

movies.

retire to withdraw from a job because of agecomplicated complex, involved

genre a category of a movie, book, play, etc.

66


1. famous a. joined

2. attended b. attention

3. interest c. types

4. plots d. story-line

5. genres e. renowned

Main idea


a. Stratford-upon-Avon b. William Shakespeare

c. King James I d. Macbeth

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, how old was Shakespeare when he married Anne

Hathaway?

a. 18 years old b. 20 years old

c. 26 years old d. 35 years old

2. According to paragraph 3, where did Shakespeare’s company perform?

a. The Lord Chamberlain Theater b. The King James Theater

c. The Globe Theater d. The Stratford-upon-Avon Theater

3. According to paragraph 4, which of the following plays is a comedy?

a. Henry IV b. A Midsummer Night’s Dream

c. King Lear d. Hamlet

Vocabulary Study I


William Shakespeare 11

67

Property

genre Property

genre Property

Property of T

he ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker






a. joinedCo.a. joined

b. attentionCo.b. attention

Word root: theo

1. theology = theo (god) + logy (study of)

polytheism = poly (many) + the (god) + ism (belief)

atheist = a (without) + the (god) + ist (person)

2. theology: god, study of → the study of god and religion

polytheism: many, god, belief → belief in many gods

atheist: not, god, person → a person who does not believe in god


a. The ancient Egyptians believed in ; they believed in

many gods.

b. He wanted to learn about the religions of the world, so he studied

.

c. The thought it was a waste of time to go to church.


It can be inferred from the passage that Shakespeare .

a. was very tall b. had more than one wife

c. met King James I d. was Scottish

Coherence


He was 52 years old when he died.

At this time, successful playwrights and poets were well known. Shakespearewould have met many of the famous people of the day, such as kings and queens.

Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon in 1613 and died there on his birthdayApril 23, 1616.

Vocabulary Study II


theology polytheism atheist

68

Main idea


a. Shakespeare’s troubled marriage

b. Shakespeare’s relationship with King James I

c. The history of Globe Theater in London

d. Shakespeare’s successful career as a playwright

Details

1. What is true about Shakespeare?

a. He was the only son of King James I.

b. He couldn’t meet any famous people of the day.

c. He was not an actor.

d. He was part owner of a theater company.

2. What is true about the Globe Theater?

a. It showed many movies in 1592.

b. It had nothing to do with Shakespeare.

c. Its name was changed because of the king.

d. It operated in London.

Part of the reason Shakespeare is considered such a great writer is that he was ableto write great plays in so many different genres.


a. The fact that Shakespeare wrote plays in many different genres is part of thereason he is considered such a great writer.

b. Shakespeare wrote plays in only one genre, so he was great.

c. Shakespeare is considered a great writer because he wrote plays in manydifferent genres.

d. The fact that Shakespeare wrote plays in only one genre is part of the reason heis considered such a great writer.


Paraphrasing

William Shakespeare 11

69

Property

Property


Property


Property


At this time, successful playwrights and poets were well known. Property

At this time, successful playwrights and poets were well known. would have met many of the famous people of the day, such as kings and queens. Property

would have met many of the famous people of the day, such as kings and queens. Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon in 1613 and died there on his birthdayProperty

Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon in 1613 and died there on his birthday

of b. had more than one wife

of b. had more than one wife The .The .The Choice

Maker 1. What is true about Shakespeare?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about Shakespeare?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. Shakespeare’s troubled marriage

Korea a. Shakespeare’s troubled marriage

b. Shakespeare’s relationship with King James I

Korea b. Shakespeare’s relationship with King James I

c. The history of Globe Theater in London

Korea c. The history of Globe Theater in London

d. Shakespeare’s successful career as a playwright

Korea d. Shakespeare’s successful career as a playwright


a. Shakespeare’s troubled marriageCo.a. Shakespeare’s troubled marriage


a. Shakespeare’s family had very little money.

b. Shakespeare was very religious.

c. Shakespeare was born in and retired to Stratford-upon-Avon, but spent most ofhis working life in London.

d. Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, and histories.

e. Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer in the English language.

f. Shakespeare was the owner of a theater company called The Globe Theater.

Do you prefer sweet food or savory food?

Model response


I prefer savory to sweet food. I love pizza, pasta,

and steak. I eat these things for lunch or dinner. If I want a snack

meals, I’ll often have some and crackers, or a

of chips. I like sweet food, but I don’t crave it as much as I crave

savory food.


Summary

Speaking

usually cheese food eating between packet

70

1. What is the most famous fast food restaurant in the world?

2. Do you know who Ronald McDonald is?3. What is a Big Mac?

McDonald’sPre-reading activity

12

serve to offer meal or refreshments employ to hireorder to request food or drink at a restaurant

burger a piece of meat that is usually groundbeef sandwiched between two buns ofbread, sometimes with lettuce, tomato,and cheese

1 The McDonald’s golden arches have become one of the most recognizablesymbols in the world. McDonald’s is the largest food organization in the worldand has more restaurants than any other fast food chain. McDonald’srestaurants serve more than 54 million people every day and employ over 1.5million people worldwide. McDonald’s hamburgers are famous, butMcDonald’s restaurants have come to mean much more than just food.

2 In 1940, the first McDonald’s restaurant was opened by Mac and Dick

McDonald in San Bernardino, California. Ray Kroc bought the McDonald’s

restaurants in 1955 and began the worldwide expansion. Today, there are over

31,000 McDonald’s restaurants in over 120 countries. Many people don’t like to

try new foods. For these people, who like familiar foods, McDonald’s is the

perfect choice. In any McDonald’s restaurant worldwide, you can get the same

food. Different countries have also influenced McDonald’s food choices. For

example, you can order a teriyaki burger in Japan or a bulgogi burger in Korea.

71

Property

Property

Property

Property

Property

eat these things for lunch or dinner. If I want a snack

Property

eat these things for lunch or dinner. If I want a snack

and crackers, or a

Property

and crackers, or a


Property



2. Using your own words, answer the question above. Then talk to the class.Property of of of of of usually cheese food eating between packetof usually cheese food eating between packetusually cheese food eating between packet

The ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker The McDonald’s golden arches have become one of the most recognizable

ChoiceMaker The McDonald’s golden arches have become one of the most recognizable

symbols in the world. McDonald’s is the largest food organization in the world

ChoiceMaker symbols in the world. McDonald’s is the largest food organization in the world

and has more restaurants than any other fast food chain. McDonald’s

ChoiceMaker

and has more restaurants than any other fast food chain. McDonald’srestaurants

ChoiceMaker

restaurants million people worldwide. McDonald’s hamburgers are famous, but

ChoiceMaker

million people worldwide. McDonald’s hamburgers are famous, butMcDonald’s restaurants have come to mean much more than just food.

ChoiceMaker

McDonald’s restaurants have come to mean much more than just food.

Korea

Korea

The McDonald’s golden arches have become one of the most recognizableKorea

The McDonald’s golden arches have become one of the most recognizable

Co.Co.McDonald’sCo.McDonald’sCo.


positive good negative bad

3 McDonald’s is a symbol of the American way of life. When McDonald’s

restaurants opened in communist countries like the former Soviet Union,

people flocked to try a taste of America. Even though a meal might cost a day’s

or even a week’s wages, the day a McDonald’s opened in the Soviet Union’s

Red Square, it outsold all other McDonald’s in the world.

4 McDonald’s has become a symbol of America all over the world. Some people

see the success of the restaurant chain as a positive symbol of American

capitalism and innovation, an example of the success that is possible in

America. For others, McDonald’s has become a symbol of the negative aspects

of globalization and American influence in the world. Regardless of whether

people say they love McDonald’s or hate it, people all over the world continue

to visit the golden arches.

72


1. symbol a. started

2. opened b. sign

3. order c. achievement

4. chain d. franchise

5. success e. request

Main idea


a. Mac and Dick McDonald b. Ronald McDonald

c. The success of the McDonald’s restaurant chain d. McDonald’s hamburgers

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, who opened the first McDonald’s restaurant?

a. Ronald McDonald b. Mac and Dick McDonald

c. Ray Kroc d. Old McDonald

2. According to paragraph 2, how many McDonald’s restaurants are there

worldwide?

a. 1940 b. 120

c. 31,000 d. 1.5 million

3. According to paragraph 3, what happened the day a McDonald’s restaurant

opened in the Soviet Union’s Red Square?

a. Ray Kroc bought the McDonald’s restaurants.

b. It outsold all other McDonald’s in the world.

c. Many people didn’t like the burgers.

d. There were 1.5 million people there.

Vocabulary Study I


McDonald’s 12

73

Property

negative Property

negative Property

Property of T

he ChoiceMaker

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Main idea

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a. startedCo.a. started

b. signCo.b. sign

Word root: inter

1. intervene = inter (between) + vene (come)

interstate = inter (between) + state (territory)

interpose = inter (between) + pose (stand in position)

2. intervene: between come → to come between two things

interstate: between state → connecting two or more states

interpose: between stand in position → to place between two things


a. An highway connects several states.

b. The United Nations will in the war.

c. To stop the war, the United Nations will an army between the

two sides.


What can be inferred from the passage?

a. McDonald’s is a popular restaurant chain.

b. Very few people like eating at McDonald’s.

c. Hamburgers were invented in the Soviet Union.

d. Bulgogi burgers are sold all over the world.

Coherence


The brothers did a good business before they sold it.

In 1940, the first McDonald’s restaurant was opened by Mac and Dick McDonald inSan Bernardino, California. Ray Kroc bought the McDonald’s restaurants in 1955and began the worldwide expansion. Today, there are over 31,000 McDonald’srestaurants in over 120 countries.

Vocabulary Study II


intervene interstate interpose

74

Main idea


a. The features of teriyaki in Japan b. A brief history of McDonald’s

c. Ray Kroc’s personal life d. The history of the world

Details

1. What is true about Ray Kroc?

a. He opened the first McDonald’s restaurant in 1940.

b. He sold McDonald’s restaurants to Dick McDonald.

c. He bought the McDonald’s restaurants in 1955.

d. He is running a company in Japan.

2. What is true about McDonald’s restaurants?

a. Different cultures cannot influence them.

b. They began operating in 1935.

c. They do not operate in Japan.

d. They are operating in over 120 countries.

When McDonald’s restaurants opened in communist countries like the former Soviet Union, people flocked to try a taste of America.


a. When McDonald’s restaurants opened in the Soviet Union, people flocked to try a taste of the Soviet Union.

b. Many people went to try a taste of America, when McDonald’s restaurantsopened in communist countries like the former Soviet Union.

c. America flocked to try a taste of the Soviet Union.

d. The Soviet Union flocked to taste a former communist country, whenMcDonald’s restaurants opened.


Paraphrasing

McDonald’s 12

75

Property

Property


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In 1940, the first McDonald’s restaurant was opened by Mac and Dick McDonald inProperty

In 1940, the first McDonald’s restaurant was opened by Mac and Dick McDonald inRay Kroc bought the McDonald’s restaurants in 1955Property

Ray Kroc bought the McDonald’s restaurants in 1955

of The Choice

Maker 1. What is true about Ray Kroc?

ChoiceMaker

1. What is true about Ray Kroc?


ChoiceMaker a. He opened the first McDonald’s restaurant in 1940.

b. He sold McDonald’s restaurants to Dick McDonald.

ChoiceMaker b. He sold McDonald’s restaurants to Dick McDonald.


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The features of teriyaki in Japan b. A brief history of McDonald’s

Korea a. The features of teriyaki in Japan b. A brief history of McDonald’s

c. Ray Kroc’s personal life d. The history of the world

Korea c. Ray Kroc’s personal life d. The history of the world

1. What is true about Ray Kroc?Korea 1. What is true about Ray Kroc?

a. He opened the first McDonald’s restaurant in 1940.Korea



a. The features of teriyaki in Japan b. A brief history of McDonald’s Co.a. The features of teriyaki in Japan b. A brief history of McDonald’s

76


a. The first McDonald’s restaurant was opened by Mac and Dick McDonald.

b. There are no McDonald’s restaurants in communist countries.

c. McDonald’s employs 150,000 people worldwide.

d. The first McDonald’s restaurant opened in 1940.

e. The McDonald’s golden arches are one of the most recognizable symbols in the

world.

f. There are more than 31,000 McDonald’s restaurants in over 120 countries.

What’s the best present you have ever been given?

Model response


When I 12 years old, my parents gave me a bicycle for my

. It was shiny and red and had a on the front of it. I

it everywhere for the next two years. I rode it to school, to the local

shops, and to my friends’ houses. It was the present I’ve ever been

given.


Summary

Speaking

best birthday turned basket rode

7777

1. Have you ever seen a shooting star?2. How big is a meteor?3. What is the difference between a meteor,

a meteoroid, and a meteorite?

Meteoroids, Meteors, and MeteoritesPre-reading activity

13

1 Meteoroids are pieces of rock floating in space. They can be the size of a grainof sand to as large as a boulder. Any object larger than a boulder is called anasteroid. They are too far away and too small for us to see from Earth. When ameteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it is called a meteor. We cansometimes see meteors as bright streaks of light moving quickly across thenight sky; this is commonly called a shooting star. A meteor that impacts theEarth’s surface is called a meteorite. Friction from coming in contact with theEarth’s atmosphere causes meteors to burn. Most meteoroids are the size of agrain of sand. Because they are so small, they vaporize before reaching theEarth’s surface. Very few meteoroids reach the Earth’s surface to becomemeteorites.

2 Most meteors reach the Earth’s atmosphere in meteor showers. This is when agroup of meteors can be seen coming from one direction in the night sky.Meteor showers are the result of the trail of meteoroids that comets leavebehind. When a comet orbits close to the sun, tiny particles the size of a grain ofsand or smaller come loose. These particles continue to orbit the sun in thesame path as the comet. The result is that a comet will have a trail ofmeteoroids that runs the length of its orbit. On Earth, we experience a meteorshower when the Earth passes through a trail of meteoroids. Because the orbitsof comets and the Earth are regular, the Earth experiences meteor showers at

float to rest or move in a liquid, air, or space contact the act of touching or meetingProperty

Property

Property

Property

Property 12 years old, my parents gave me a bicycle for my

Property 12 years old, my parents gave me a bicycle for my

on the front of it. I

Property

on the front of it. I


Property


shops, and to my friends’ houses. It was the

Property

shops, and to my friends’ houses. It was the


2. Using your own words, answer the question above. Then talk to the class.Property best birthday turned basket rode

Property best birthday turned basket rodebest birthday turned basket rodeof of of of of best birthday turned basket rodeof best birthday turned basket rodebest birthday turned basket rode

The ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker Meteoroids are pieces of rock

ChoiceMaker Meteoroids are pieces of rock

of sand to as large as a boulder. Any object larger than a boulder is called an

ChoiceMaker of sand to as large as a boulder. Any object larger than a boulder is called an

asteroid. They are too far away and too small for us to see from Earth. When a

ChoiceMaker

asteroid. They are too far away and too small for us to see from Earth. When ameteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it is called a meteor. We can

ChoiceMaker

meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it is called a meteor. We cansometimes see meteors as bright streaks of light moving quickly across the

ChoiceMaker

sometimes see meteors as bright streaks of light moving quickly across thenight sky; this is commonly called a shooting star. A meteor that impacts the

ChoiceMaker

night sky; this is commonly called a shooting star. A meteor that impacts the

Korea

Korea

Meteoroids are pieces of rock Korea

Meteoroids are pieces of rock

Co.Co.and Meteorites

Co.and Meteorites


roughly the same time each year. Two of the most famous meteor showers arethe Perseids and the Leonids. The Perseids meteor shower occurs in midAugust each year and produces more than a meteor a minute. The Leonidsshower occurs in mid November. Every 33 years, the Leonids shower producesa massive meteor shower with hundreds of thousands of meteors per hour.

3 Most meteors are tiny – about the size of a grain of sand or a pebble. Then, howcan we see something so small from great distances? Most meteors aren’t verybig but they are traveling at high speeds. When a meteor hits the Earth’satmosphere, it is traveling between 11 and 72 kilometers per second. At thesehigh speeds a great deal of friction and heat is generated when the meteor hitsthe atmosphere; the temperatures can reach 1650 degrees Celsius. The frictionbreaks the molecules of the meteor and the atmosphere into ionized glowingparticles. This is the light that makes a shooting star.

4 Although we can see very small meteors as they come into contact with theEarth’s atmosphere, for a meteor to reach the Earth’s surface and become ameteorite, it would have to have been at least the size of a basketball when ithit the atmosphere. Meteorites are divided into three categories: stonymeteorites made primarily of silicate materials, iron meteorites composed ofnickel and iron, and stony-iron meteorites composed of a mix of thesematerials. There have been over 30,000 documented meteorite finds in theworld. The largest meteorite ever found weighs seventy tons and is still in theground in Africa.

5 The Earth’s atmosphere is hit by an estimated four billion meteors per day. Onany given night, several meteors can be seen per hour from any given spot.During a meteor shower this number is greatly magnified. A shooting star, ormeteor shower, is one of nature’s most beautiful shows.

glow to give off lightcompose to make up

document to recordspot place, area

78


1. far a. approximately

2. roughly b. touch

3. occur c. mainly

4. contact d. distant

5. primarily e. happen

Main idea

1. What’s the passage about?

a. Pop stars b. Shooting stars

c. Meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites d. Earth

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, how often does the Leonids produce a massive meteor

shower?

a. Every 3 years b. Every 33 years

c. Every January d. Every November

2. According to paragraph 3, what happens when a meteor hits the Earth’s surface?

a. Celsius is made. b. Sand and pebbles are made.

c. Heat and friction are generated. d. Molecules become meteors.

3. According to paragraph 4, what are stony meteorites made of?

a. Primarily silicate materials

b. Nickel and iron

c. A mix of silicate materials and nickel and iron

d. Pebbles

Vocabulary Study I


Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites 13

79

Property

The Earth’s atmosphere is hit by an estimated four billion meteors per day. On

Property

The Earth’s atmosphere is hit by an estimated four billion meteors per day. Onany given night, several meteors can be seen per hour from any given

Property

any given night, several meteors can be seen per hour from any given During a meteor shower this number is greatly magnified. A shooting star, or

Property

During a meteor shower this number is greatly magnified. A shooting star, ormeteor shower, is one of nature’s most beautiful shows.

Property

meteor shower, is one of nature’s most beautiful shows.

document Property

document spot Property

spot Property

Property of world. The largest meteorite ever found weighs seventy tons and is still in the

of world. The largest meteorite ever found weighs seventy tons and is still in theThe composed

The composed of

The ofnickel and iron, and stony-iron meteorites composed of a mix of these

The nickel and iron, and stony-iron meteorites composed of a mix of these

meteorite finds in theThe meteorite finds in the

world. The largest meteorite ever found weighs seventy tons and is still in theThe world. The largest meteorite ever found weighs seventy tons and is still in the

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

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Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




Korea 5. primarily

Korea 5. primarily



a. approximatelyCo.a. approximately

b. touchCo.b. touch

Word root: ortho

1. orthodox = ortho (straight, correct) + dox (opinion)

orthodontist = ortho (straight, correct) + don’t (teeth) + ist (person)

orthopedic = ortho (straight, correct) + ped (rearing children) + ic (forms an adjective)

2. orthodox: straight, correct, opinion → conforming to a belief

orthodontist: straight, teeth, person → a dentist who straightens teeth

orthopedic: straight, correct, rearing of children → branch of medicine concerned with

repairing bone injuries


a. The put braces on my teeth.

b. When I broke my leg, the doctor put it in a cast.

c. An church has strict beliefs.



a. there are no meteorite craters on Earth b. there are meteorite craters on Earth

c. most meteors are the size of a car d. it is rare to see shooting stars

Coherence


However, some meteors are isolated events.

Most meteors reach the Earth’s atmosphere in meteor showers. This is when agroup of meteors can be seen coming from one direction in the night sky. Meteorshowers are the result of the trail of meteoroids that comets leave behind. When acomet orbits close to the sun, tiny particles the size of a grain of sand or smaller comeloose.

Vocabulary Study II


orthodox orthodontist orthopedic

80

Main idea


a. The history of the universe

b. The relationship between friction and heat

c. What enables us to see meteors

d. Measuring the temperatures of the earth

Details

1. What is true about meteors?

a. We cannot see them at all. b. Most of them are quite small.

c. They travel at low speeds. d. All of them are extremely large.

2. What is true about the meteor hitting the atmosphere?

a. Its temperatures can reach 1560 degrees Celsius.

b. It is traveling between 2 and 10 kilometers per second.

c. It causes a great deal of cold.

d. Its temperatures can reach 1650 degrees Celsius.

When a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it is called a meteor.


a. A meteoroid is a meteor that has entered the Earth’s atmosphere.

b. A meteor is a meteoroid that has entered the Earth’s atmosphere.

c. A meteoroid is a meteor that has entered the Earth’s surface.

d. A meteor is a meteoroid that has entered the Earth’s surface.


Paraphrasing

Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites 13

81

Property

Property


Property


Property


Most meteors reach the Earth’s atmosphere in meteor showers.

Property

Most meteors reach the Earth’s atmosphere in meteor showers. group of meteors can be seen coming from one direction in the night sky. Property

group of meteors can be seen coming from one direction in the night sky. showers are the result of the trail of meteoroids that comets leave behind. Property

showers are the result of the trail of meteoroids that comets leave behind. comet orbits close to the sun, tiny particles the size of a grain of sand or smaller come

Property

comet orbits close to the sun, tiny particles the size of a grain of sand or smaller come

of a. there are no meteorite craters on Earth b. there are meteorite craters on Earth

of a. there are no meteorite craters on Earth b. there are meteorite craters on Earth

c. most meteors are the size of a car d. it is rare to see shooting stars

of c. most meteors are the size of a car d. it is rare to see shooting starsThe a. there are no meteorite craters on Earth b. there are meteorite craters on EarthThe a. there are no meteorite craters on Earth b. there are meteorite craters on Earth

c. most meteors are the size of a car d. it is rare to see shooting starsThe c. most meteors are the size of a car d. it is rare to see shooting stars

ChoiceMaker Details

ChoiceMaker Details

1. What is true about meteors?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about meteors?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The history of the universe

Korea a. The history of the universe

b. The relationship between friction and heat

Korea b. The relationship between friction and heat

c. What enables us to see meteors

Korea c. What enables us to see meteors

d. Measuring the temperatures of the earth

Korea d. Measuring the temperatures of the earth



a. Meteoroids are pieces of rock floating in space.

b. A meteorite is a meteor that impacts the ocean’s surface.

c. A meteor is a meteoroid that has entered the Earth’s surface.

d. Shooting stars cannot be seen from Earth.

e. A meteor that impacts the Earth’s surface is called a meteorite.

f. A meteoroid that impacts the Earth’s surface is called a meteor.

Who is your favorite friend?

Model response


My friend, Sarah, is athletic, intelligent, and generous. She is a very

good tennis and she loves jogging. She is also an excellent

. Her subjects are English and science. She is a very

person. For example, once when I to bring my

lunch to school, she offered to share hers with me. She is a very good friend.


Summary

Speaking

favorite player best generous forgot student

82

1. What do you know about the French Revolution?2. What was it about?3. How did it start?

The French RevolutionPre-reading activity

14

republic a form of government where thecitizens choose representatives to makedecisions

adopt to use or take as one’s own

1 The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1799. This was a period ofrapid social and political change in France and throughout Europe. TheRevolution temporarily transformed France from an absolute monarchy to arepublic of free and equal citizens. During the ten years of the Revolution, therewere a series of experiments with different types of government, none of whichlasted more than four years. During this period, the French developed bills ofrights, constitutions, and legal equality among all citizens. Many of thesechanges became part of French life and were adopted in other parts of Europe.

2 Historians debate the causes of the French Revolution. The traditional theorystates that the Revolution was the result of the growing power of the middleclasses, or bourgeoisie. According to this theory, the middle classes feltfrustrated in their attempts to gain power and influence. They believed that themonarchy had unfairly given power and privilege to the nobility and clergy.Immediately prior to the Revolution, there was an economic recession andrising food prices; these factors added to the middle class’s discontent. Themore recent competing theory states that the causes of the Revolution werepolitical rather than economic.

3 By 1789 many people had grown critical of the monarchy. They believed thatthe monarchy taxed people unequally, persecuted religious minorities, andinterfered in the private lives of citizens. The French people generally saw thegovernment as wasteful and inefficient. Whether you believe that the causes of

83

Property friend, Sarah, is athletic, intelligent, and generous. She is a very

Property friend, Sarah, is athletic, intelligent, and generous. She is a very

and she loves jogging. She is also an excellent

Property and she loves jogging. She is also an excellent

subjects are English and science. She is a very

Property

subjects are English and science. She is a very

person. For example, once when I

Property

person. For example, once when I


Property




friend, Sarah, is athletic, intelligent, and generous. She is a veryof friend, Sarah, is athletic, intelligent, and generous. She is a very

favorite player best generous forgot student

of favorite player best generous forgot studentfavorite player best generous forgot studentThe The The The The

favorite player best generous forgot studentThe favorite player best generous forgot studentfavorite player best generous forgot student

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1799. This was a period of

ChoiceMaker The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1799. This was a period of

rapid social and political change in France and throughout Europe. The

ChoiceMaker rapid social and political change in France and throughout Europe. The

Revolution temporarily transformed France from an absolute monarchy to a

ChoiceMaker

Revolution temporarily transformed France from an absolute monarchy to arepublic

ChoiceMaker

republicwere a series of experiments with different types of government, none of which

ChoiceMaker

were a series of experiments with different types of government, none of whichlasted more than four years. During this period, the French developed bills of

ChoiceMaker

lasted more than four years. During this period, the French developed bills of

Korea

Korea

The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1799. This was a period ofKorea

The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted until 1799. This was a period of

Co.Co.The French Revolution

Co.The French Revolution



1. period a. disparaging

2. rapid b. time

3. debate c. freedom

4. critical d. argument

5. liberty e. fast

Main idea


a. Bourgeoisie b. French people

c. The French Revolution d. The “Reign of Terror”

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 1, how long did the French Revolution last?

a. 5 years b. 10 years

c. 15 years d. 20 years

2. According to paragraph 3, what had happened by 1789?

a. The people were taxing the monarchy unequally.

b. Many people had grown critical of the monarchy.

c. Many people were religious.

d. The government was being overly generous to people.

3. According to paragraph 4, what is one reason why the people stormed the Bastille?

a. They wanted to control the monarchy.

b. They wanted to discuss the political situation with the King.

c. They wanted the army to protect them.

d. They believed that political prisoners were being held there.

Vocabulary Study I


The French Revolution 14

85

intention purposesuspicious feeling doubtfulrevolt the act of rising against constituted

authority, a rebellion

guillotine a device used to kill people during theFrench Revolution by cutting offsomeone’s head

the revolution were primarily economic or political, the events that followedchanged French life forever.

4 In the weeks leading up to the Revolution there were attempts to reform thepolitical system to give the average citizen a more equal say in the government.Despite these efforts, the people were suspicious of the monarchy’s intentions;they believed that the King might try to use the military to maintain control.On July 14, 1789 crowds stormed the Bastille looking for weapons to defendthemselves against the army. They also believed that political prisoners werebeing held in the Bastille. It turned out that there were only seven prisonersbeing held there at the time, none of whom were political prisoners. Thestorming of the Bastille marked a turning point: attempts at reform were over –there was now open revolt.

5 The period that followed the beginning of open revolt was one of greatuncertainty. There were several attempts at forming a new government. For atime there was movement toward a system of free and equal citizens.Unfortunately, agreement on a system of government could not be reached,and order broke down during periods of infighting among competingrevolutionaries. This culminated in the “Reign of Terror.” This was a bloodyperiod marked by executions of political rivals. During a six-week period 1,400people were executed by the guillotine in Paris alone. By the end of therevolution in 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte was in power as a military dictator.

6 The French revolution had the goal of liberty for its citizens: to create a societyof free and equal citizens. In the end, these noble goals were not realized, butthe revolution did make some major accomplishments. It abolished serfdom,slavery, inherited privilege, and judicial torture. The most lasting legacy of theFrench Revolution was to make revolution part of the world’s politicaltradition. For over two hundred years political revolutionaries from all over theworld have looked to the French revolutionaries for inspiration.

84

Property

guillotine Property

guillotine Property

Property of free and equal citizens. In the end, these noble goals were not realized, but

Property of free and equal citizens. In the end, these noble goals were not realized, but

the revolution did make some major accomplishments. It abolished serfdom,

Property the revolution did make some major accomplishments. It abolished serfdom,

slavery, inherited privilege, and judicial torture. The most lasting legacy of the

Property

slavery, inherited privilege, and judicial torture. The most lasting legacy of theFrench Revolution was to make revolution part of the world’s political

Property

French Revolution was to make revolution part of the world’s politicaltradition. For over two hundred years political revolutionaries from all over the

Property

tradition. For over two hundred years political revolutionaries from all over theworld have looked to the French revolutionaries for inspiration.

Property

world have looked to the French revolutionaries for inspiration.

of revolution in 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte was in power as a military dictator.

of revolution in 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte was in power as a military dictator.

The French revolution had the goal of liberty for its citizens: to create a societyof The French revolution had the goal of liberty for its citizens: to create a societyof free and equal citizens. In the end, these noble goals were not realized, butof of free and equal citizens. In the end, these noble goals were not realized, butthe revolution did make some major accomplishments. It abolished serfdom,of the revolution did make some major accomplishments. It abolished serfdom,

The period marked by executions of political rivals. During a six-week period 1,400

The period marked by executions of political rivals. During a six-week period 1,400in Paris alone. By the end of the

The in Paris alone. By the end of the

revolution in 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte was in power as a military dictator.The revolution in 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte was in power as a military dictator.

The French revolution had the goal of liberty for its citizens: to create a societyThe

The French revolution had the goal of liberty for its citizens: to create a society

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K



a. disparagingCo.a. disparaging

b. timeCo.b. time

Word root: cred

1. credulous = cred (believe) + ulous (inclined to)

incredulous = in (not) + cred (believe) + ulous (inclined to)

incredible = in (not) + cred (believe) + ible (ability)

2. credulous: believe, inclined to → inclined to believe

incredulous: not, believe, inclined to → skeptical

incredible: not, believe, ability → hard to believe


a. My father’s look told me he didn’t believe my story.

b. The strong man’s strength was .

c. She has a nature; she is likely to believe anything.


The purpose of the passage is to inform the reader .

a. that the middle class were frustrated in their attempts to gain power andinfluence

b. of the French Revolution’s goals and realities

c. of the monarchy’s weaknesses

d. that the period following the French Revolution was one of uncertainty

Coherence


The only thing that was certain is that the Monarchy had ended.

The period that followed the beginning of open revolt was one of great uncertainty.There were several attempts at forming a new government. For a time there was

movement toward a system of free and equal citizens.

Vocabulary Study II


credulous incredulous incredible

86

Main idea


a. The middle classes in North America

b. The nobility and clergy in England

c. The traditional theory of the French Revolution

d. Theories of the consequences of the French Revolution

Details

1. What is true about the French Revolution?

a. It was caused by economic factors.

b. It was very influential.

c. It had nothing to do with the middle classes.

d. The nobility and clergy started it.

2. What is true about the causes of the French Revolution?

a. There is only one theory about them.

b. There are many theories about them.

c. They were associated with the American Civil War.

d. They were associated with Christianity.

This was a period of rapid social and political change in France and throughoutEurope.


a. In France, this was a period of rapid social and political change.

b. This was a time of social change in France and throughout Europe.

c. Throughout France and the rest of Europe, this was a period of rapid social andpolitical change.

d. Political change in France and Europe was rapid at this time.


Paraphrasing

The French Revolution 14

87

Property

Property d. that the period following the French Revolution was one of uncertainty

Property d. that the period following the French Revolution was one of uncertainty


Property


Property



Property


The period that followed the beginning of open revolt was one of great uncertainty.Property

The period that followed the beginning of open revolt was one of great uncertainty.

of d. that the period following the French Revolution was one of uncertaintyof d. that the period following the French Revolution was one of uncertainty

The .

The .

a. that the middle class were frustrated in their attempts to gain power andThe a. that the middle class were frustrated in their attempts to gain power and

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about the French Revolution?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about the French Revolution?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The middle classes in North America

Korea a. The middle classes in North America

b. The nobility and clergy in England

Korea b. The nobility and clergy in England

c. The traditional theory of the French Revolution

Korea c. The traditional theory of the French Revolution

d. Theories of the consequences of the French Revolution

Korea d. Theories of the consequences of the French Revolution


a. The middle classes in North AmericaCo.a. The middle classes in North America

88


a. The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted 12 years.

b. The French Revolution began in 1789 and lasted 10 years.

c. On July 14, 1789, crowds stormed the Bastille.

d. More than 100 prisoners were being held in the Bastille.

e. The goal of the French Revolution was to create a society of free and equalcitizens.

f. The French Revolution was a political tradition.

If you could travel anywhere, where would you go? Why?

Model response


If I could travel , I would go to Australia. I want to

the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge. I have seen them in

and have always wanted to see them in person. I also

to see a kangaroo and a koala bear. Both these look

so cute. I want to pet a kangaroo and a koala. I think Australia

would be a beautiful place to visit.


Summary

Speaking

cuddle photographs want anywhere see animals

8989

1. Can noise hurt your health?2. Have you ever been someplace that was so loud

you couldn’t talk to the person next to you?3. Would you rather listen to loud music or talk to

your friends?

Noise PollutionPre-reading activity

15

1 How loud is loud? Over the last few decades, the noise level in nightclubs,restaurants, and bars has been steadily going up. In 1990, the city of Vancouvermeasured the noise level in a downtown club at 85 to 87 decibels, about as loudas a food processor crushing ice. By 1997, the noise level had risen to between98 and 100 decibels. Today, the noise level in most clubs is well over 100 or asloud as a power saw. Many people like the feeling of excitement that a noisyclub creates, but there are some negative aspects to living in a noisyenvironment.

2 Professor Barry Truax of Simon Fraser University says that what has changed isthat nightclubs, restaurants, and bars have moved from having backgroundmusic to having foreground music. The result is that it is becoming increasinglymore difficult to find a place where people can have a conversation privately.This trend toward louder music isn’t limited to nightclubs, restaurants, andbars – movie soundtracks are also getting louder. Although people enjoy the“upbeat” feeling they get from loud music, there are health problemsassociated with prolonged exposure to excessive loud noise.

pollution the act of making unfit or harmful forliving things

nightclub a place that provides entertainment lateinto the night and serves alcohol andfood, and allows customers to dance

bar a place that serves alcohol late into the nightupbeat cheerful

Property

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to see a kangaroo and a koala bear. Both these

Property

to see a kangaroo and a koala bear. Both these

a koala. I think Australia

Property

a koala. I think Australia


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The ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker How loud is

ChoiceMaker How loud is loud

ChoiceMaker loud

restaurants, and

ChoiceMaker restaurants, and

measured the noise level in a downtown club at 85 to 87 decibels, about as loud

ChoiceMaker

measured the noise level in a downtown club at 85 to 87 decibels, about as loudas a food processor crushing ice. By 1997, the noise level had risen to between

ChoiceMaker

as a food processor crushing ice. By 1997, the noise level had risen to between98 and 100 decibels. Today, the noise level in most clubs is well over 100 or as

ChoiceMaker

98 and 100 decibels. Today, the noise level in most clubs is well over 100 or asloud as a power saw. Many people like the feeling of excitement that a noisy

ChoiceMaker

loud as a power saw. Many people like the feeling of excitement that a noisy

Korea

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loudKorea

loud

Co.Co.Noise PollutionCo.Noise PollutionCo.



1. steadily a. prohibited

2. result b. outcome

3. associated c. gradually

4. exposure d. experience

5. banned e. related

Main idea


a. Vancouver, Canada b. Decibels

c. Nightclubs, restaurants, and bars d. Increasing noise pollution

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, what has happened?

a. Nightclubs, restaurants, and bars expect people not to talk.

b. Nightclubs, restaurants, and bars now have foreground music.

c. People have stopped going to nightclubs, restaurants, and bars.

d. People only want to hear music by Barry Truax.

2. According to paragraph 3, what can happen if someone is frequently exposed toloud noise?

a. They can improve their hearing. b. They can feel relaxed

c. They can damage their hearing. d. They can listen very well.

3. According to paragraph 4, some nightclub, restaurant, and bar owners haveopposed attempts to limit noise levels because they __________________.

a. are worried they will lose customers

b. fear they will lose their customers that smoke

c. like to argue with the city

d. enjoy listening to loud music

Vocabulary Study I


Noise Pollution 15

91

3 The most obvious health problem associated with exposure to loud noise ishearing loss. Health professionals have set eight hours of exposure at 85decibels as the point where hearing loss begins to occur. The louder the noise,the shorter exposure time required before hearing loss occurs. In a typicalnightclub with a noise level of over 100 decibels, some permanent hearing losscan occur after only 15 minutes of exposure. Less obvious than the hearing lossproblem, there is also an increased risk of cardiovascular disease for peoplewho are exposed to prolong high levels of noise. High levels of noise increasesstress levels. People with high levels of stress have increased blood pressure,which contributes to cardiovascular disease.

4 Some cities have tried to limit the noise levels in businesses to 90 decibels. Theefforts have been opposed by nightclubs, restaurants, and bar owners, who fearthat they may lose customers. This same argument was used before smokingwas banned in most public places. It turned out that many non-smokers hadbeen staying away, and the businesses gained customers who had been stayinghome. It may be the same if excessive noise was banned. There may be peoplestaying home because they can’t find a quiet place to spend a night out and talkwith their friends.

professional a person who belongs to anoccupation, especially a learnedoccupation

public open to all persons

90

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public Property

public Property

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he ChoiceMaker

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Main idea

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staying home because they can’t find a quiet place to spend a night out and talk ChoiceMaker

staying home because they can’t find a quiet place to spend a night out and talk



a. prohibitedCo.a. prohibited

b. outcomeCo.b. outcome

Main idea


a. The unethical aspects of nightclubs

b. The hazard of exposure to loud noise

c. The relationship between hearing loss and water pollution

d. The danger of exposure to sunlight

Details

1. What is true about eight hours of exposure at 85 decibels?

a. It is when people can sleep soundly.

b. It is when people can work effectively.

c. It is when hearing loss cannot occur.

d. It is when hearing loss begins to occur.

2. What is true about loud noise?

a. Actually, it is good for our health. b. It is not dangerous at all.

c. It can cause permanent hearing loss. d. It can help us work more efficiently.

High levels of noise increases stress levels.


a. High levels of stress makes loud noises.

b. Loud noises can make people stressed.

c. Noise is often induced by high levels of stress.

d. Stress levels are increased by low noise levels.


Paraphrasing

Noise Pollution 15

93

Word root: bellum

1. antebellum = ante (before) + bellum (war)

rebel = re (against) + bel (war)

bellicose = belli (war) + cose (having the quality of)

2. antebellum: before war → before the war

rebel: against war → to act against something, especially a government

bellicose: war, having the quality of → warlike


a. I think he is because he is always yelling.

b. He wanted to because the rules were unfair.

c. An house was built before the American Civil War.



a. Music makes people feel stressed.

b. Health problems, such as diabetes and heart attacks, are associated with noise.

c. People who work in loud environments may lose some of their hearing.

d. Cities will never be able to limit noise pollution in businesses.

Coherence


The business owners might be missing an opportunity to gain new customers.

Some cities have tried to limit the noise levels in businesses to 90 decibels. Theefforts have been opposed by nightclubs, restaurants, and bar owners, who fear thatthey may lose customers. This same argument was used before smoking wasbanned in most public places.

Vocabulary Study II


antebellum rebel bellicose

92

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efforts have been opposed by nightclubs, restaurants, and bar owners, who fear thatThis same argument was used before smoking wasProperty

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of c. People who work in loud environments may lose some of their hearing.

of c. People who work in loud environments may lose some of their hearing.

d. Cities will never be able to limit noise pollution in businesses. of d. Cities will never be able to limit noise pollution in businesses.The

b. Health problems, such as diabetes and heart attacks, are associated with noise.The b. Health problems, such as diabetes and heart attacks, are associated with noise.

c. People who work in loud environments may lose some of their hearing.The c. People who work in loud environments may lose some of their hearing.

ChoiceMaker Details

ChoiceMaker Details

1. What is true about eight hours of exposure at 85 decibels?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about eight hours of exposure at 85 decibels?


ChoiceMaker



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a. The unethical aspects of nightclubs

Korea a. The unethical aspects of nightclubs

b. The hazard of exposure to loud noise

Korea b. The hazard of exposure to loud noise

c. The relationship between hearing loss and water pollution

Korea c. The relationship between hearing loss and water pollution

d. The danger of exposure to sunlight

Korea d. The danger of exposure to sunlight


a. The unethical aspects of nightclubsCo.a. The unethical aspects of nightclubs

1. How close have you been to a wild animal?2. What animal is the closest relative to humans?3. Do you know who Jane Goodall is?

Jane GoodallPre-reading activity

16

Africa the continent that lies south of Europeand west of Asia

Gombe Stream a national park in the country ofTanzania

reserve a piece of public land that is set aside fora specific purpose

doctorate one of the highest degrees that can beearned at a university

1 In the last 45 years, we have learned a great deal about our closest relative inthe animal kingdom – the chimpanzee. Most of what we know aboutchimpanzees has been the result of the work of Jane Goodall. In 1960, she wentto Africa with her mother and an African cook to study chimpanzees in thewild. Other people had studied chimpanzees before, but Jane Goodall wouldbe the first to actually live among wild chimpanzees and observe theirbehavior. By using this unusual technique to study chimpanzees, she became apioneer in the study of wild animals and helped millions of people betterunderstand chimpanzees and our relationship to animals.

2 Jane Goodall was born in London in 1934. From an early age, she loved animalsand knew she wanted to learn more about them. When Jane was 26 years old,the famous anthropologist Louis Leakey asked Jane to come to Africa andstudy the chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve. She had noqualifications for studying chimpanzees other than her love of animals and herpatience although she would later return to England and earn her doctorate

from the University of Cambridge.

95


a. Some cities have tried to limit noise levels in businesses.

b. Noise pollution only affects old people.

c. Most bars, restaurants, and nightclubs play soft, background music.

d. Exposure to loud noise helps people to relax.

e. Frequent exposure to loud noise can harm hearing.

f. The noise levels in bars, restaurants, and nightclubs have been steadilyincreasing.

What’s your favorite holiday?

Model response


My favorite is Christmas. Before Christmas, I going

shopping for for my friends and family. The shops are always

with festive decorations and there are often fairy lights in the trees

around town. On Christmas Day, I always get up and make hot

chocolate for my family. Then, we all sit around the Christmas and

open our presents. I love everything about Christmas!


Summary

Speaking

presents tree holiday filled enjoy early

94

Property is Christmas. Before Christmas, I

Property is Christmas. Before Christmas, I

for my friends and family. The shops are always

Property

for my friends and family. The shops are always


Property


around town. On Christmas Day, I always get up

Property

around town. On Christmas Day, I always get up

chocolate for my family. Then, we all sit around the Christmas

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The The The The The Choice

Maker

ChoiceMaker In the last 45 years, we have learned a great deal about our closest relative in

ChoiceMaker In the last 45 years, we have learned a great deal about our closest relative in

the animal kingdom – the chimpanzee. Most of what we know about

ChoiceMaker the animal kingdom – the chimpanzee. Most of what we know about

chimpanzees has been the result of the work of Jane Goodall. In 1960, she went

ChoiceMaker

chimpanzees has been the result of the work of Jane Goodall. In 1960, she wentto

ChoiceMaker

to Africa

ChoiceMaker

Africa

wild. Other people had studied chimpanzees before, but Jane Goodall would

ChoiceMaker

wild. Other people had studied chimpanzees before, but Jane Goodall wouldbe the first to actually live among wild chimpanzees and observe their

ChoiceMaker

be the first to actually live among wild chimpanzees and observe their

Korea

Korea

In the last 45 years, we have learned a great deal about our closest relative inKorea

In the last 45 years, we have learned a great deal about our closest relative in

Co.Co.Jane GoodallCo.Jane GoodallCo.



1. relative a. family member

2. result b. dubious

3. suspicious c. divided

4. separated d. outcome

5. raises e. earns

Main idea


a. Chimpanzees b. Jane Goodall

c. Africa d. Louis Leakey

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, Jane Goodall .

a. was born in Africa

b. loved animals from an early age

c. went to Africa when she was 34 years old

d. earned her doctorate from the University of Gombe Stream

2. According to paragraph 3, David Greybeard .

a. was a famous anthropologist

b. had a long, gray beard

c. was a relative of Jane Goodall

d. was the first chimpanzee in the Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve toapproach Jane Goodall

3. According to paragraph 4, what was the biggest discovery that Jane Goodallmade?

a. Chimpanzees make tools. b. Termites strip leaves from branches.

c. Humans are different from monkeys. d. Chimpanzees eat termites.

Vocabulary Study I


Jane Goodall 16

97

orphan to deprive a child of parents wildlife animals living in the wild

3 Patience proved to be an important quality for Jane’s work. Every day, Janewent into the forest to observe the chimpanzees and learn as much as she couldabout how they lived. The chimpanzees kept their distance from Jane; theywere suspicious of the new “animal” in the forest. After a year and a half ofpatient observing, a chimpanzee that Jane named David Greybeard approachedJane. From this point on, the chimpanzees accepted Jane as part of their group.Jane called this moment “one of the proudest and most exciting moments of mylife.” She was able to interact with the chimpanzee group more intimately thananyone had ever worked with wild animals before. For the last 45 years, shehas continued her work studying the chimpanzees of the Gombe StreamReserve. This is now the longest continual study of any animal in the wild everconducted.

4 The biggest discovery that Jane made was that chimpanzees make tools. Sheobserved chimpanzees stripping the leaves from branches and putting theminto termite mounds. The chimpanzees could then eat the termites that hadbitten the branch. Prior to this, it was believed that only humans made tools,and tool making was seen as what separated humans from animals. Thisdiscovery changed the way scientists viewed humans and our relation toanimals.

5 In addition to her scientific work, Jane Goodall has been an advocate forprotecting animals and the environment. She setup centers in several Africancountries that care for orphaned chimpanzees whose parents have been killedby hunters. The Jane Goodall Institute raises money to help chimpanzees.Jane’s newest organization, Roots and Shoots, teaches young people about theirenvironment and how they can help to protect it. Jane Goodall has been atireless worker, educating children and adults about issues related to theenvironment and wildlife protection.

96

Property

Property

Property chimpanzees whose parents have been killed

Property chimpanzees whose parents have been killed

by hunters. The Jane Goodall Institute raises money to help chimpanzees.

Property by hunters. The Jane Goodall Institute raises money to help chimpanzees.

Jane’s newest organization, Roots and Shoots, teaches young people about their

Property

Jane’s newest organization, Roots and Shoots, teaches young people about theirenvironment and how they can help to protect it. Jane Goodall has been a

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of protecting animals and the environment. She setup centers in several Africanchimpanzees whose parents have been killedof chimpanzees whose parents have been killed

by hunters. The Jane Goodall Institute raises money to help chimpanzees.of by hunters. The Jane Goodall Institute raises money to help chimpanzees.

The In addition to her scientific work, Jane Goodall has been an advocate forThe In addition to her scientific work, Jane Goodall has been an advocate forprotecting animals and the environment. She setup centers in several AfricanThe protecting animals and the environment. She setup centers in several African

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a. family memberCo.a. family member

b. dubiousCo.b. dubious

Main idea


a. Why Goodall came to hate chimpanzees

b. What made Goodall become an expert on chimpanzees

c. Louis Leakey’s private life

d. The Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve

Details

1. What is true about Louis Leakey?

a. He was a famous psychologist.

b. He got married to Jane Goodall.

c. He was against experimenting with animals.

d. He invited Goodall to study chimpanzees.

2. What is true about Jane Goodall?

a. She was born in 1926.

b. She loved animals.

c. She studied the chimpanzees in America.

d. She was an expert on the behavior of cheetahs.

In the last 45 years, we have learned a great deal about our closest relative in theanimal kingdom – the chimpanzee.


a. Our closest relative in the animal kingdom is the chimpanzee.

b. We have learned a lot about chimpanzees, our closest relative in the animalkingdom, in the last 45 years.

c. In the last 45 years, we have learned nothing about chimpanzees.

d. We have learned nothing about our closest relative in the animal kingdom.


Paraphrasing

Jane Goodall 16

99

Word root: bi

1. biped = bi (two) + ped (foot)

bicycle = bi (two) + cycle (circle)

biannual = bi (two) + annual (year)

2. biped: two, feet → an animal with two feet

bicycle: two, circles → two wheeled vehicle

biannual: two, year → occurring twice a year


a. I like to ride my .

b. A bird is a .

c. It is a meeting.



a. Chimpanzees in the wild rarely approach humans.

b. Chimpanzees in the wild often approach humans.

c. Jane Goodall is African.

d. Jane Goodall doesn’t like animals.

Coherence


After earning her doctorate, she continued her study of chimpanzees.

From an early age, she loved animals and knew she wanted to learn more aboutthem. When Jane was 26 years old, the famous anthropologist Louis Leakey askedJane to come to Africa and study the chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream ChimpanzeeReserve. She had no qualifications for studying chimpanzees other than her love ofanimals and her patience although she would later return to England and earn herdoctorate from the University of Cambridge.

Vocabulary Study II


biped bicycle biannual

98

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Property

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a. Why Goodall came to hate chimpanzees

Korea a. Why Goodall came to hate chimpanzees

b. What made Goodall become an expert on chimpanzees

Korea b. What made Goodall become an expert on chimpanzees

c. Louis Leakey’s private life

Korea c. Louis Leakey’s private life

d. The Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve

Korea d. The Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve


a. Why Goodall came to hate chimpanzees Co.a. Why Goodall came to hate chimpanzees

101101

1. Do you believe in life on other planets?2. Have you heard about when Earth was invaded?3. Do you know what Halloween is?

The War of theWorldsPre-reading activity

17

1 Halloween is celebrated in many countries. It is a holiday when children and

sometimes adults dress up in scary costumes. Halloween is about trying to be

scary for fun. One Halloween, lots of people were scared and it wasn’t fun. In

1938, people all over America listened to their radios and heard reports that

scientists had seen strange lights on the planet Mars.

2 A little while later, another news reporter told listeners about a large metal

object that had landed in Grover’s Mill, New Jersey, U.S.A. Then, the news got

really terrifying: several creatures had appeared from the metal object. They

used a weapon called a heat ray to kill hundreds of people. While the reporter

was talking on the radio, he was killed.

3 The news reports continued. The creatures were from Mars, and they were here

to invade Earth. The Martian army began to take over cities killing thousands

of people everywhere they went. Armies were called out to stop the Martian

invaders, but nothing could stop them. People all over America were panicked.

This was the end for the human race.

celebrate to observe a day or remember anevent through parties and festivities

report a statement describing an event, situation,or observation

ray a narrow beam of lightMars the fourth planet from the sunMartian a fictional being from Mars

100


a. Most of what we know about chimpanzees has been the result of the work ofJane Goodall.

b. Jane Goodall lived among chimpanzees and studied their behavior.

c. The biggest discovery that Jane Goodall made was that chimpanzees maketools.

d. The biggest discovery that Jane Goodall made was that chimpanzees eattermites.

e. Jane Goodall was born in London in 1945.

f. Jane Goodall went to Africa in 1934.

What’s your favorite subject?

Model response


English is my favorite . I’ve been studying it I was

seven years old. I English in school, I go to English classes

school, and I study it at home. I often watch English movies and

listen to English music to my English. I want to study

one day, so I practice speaking English as often as possible.


Summary

Speaking

since subject abroad after learn improve

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English in school, I go to English classes

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my English. I want to study

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one day, so I practice speaking English as often as possible.


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The ChoiceMaker

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ChoiceMaker Halloween is celebrated

ChoiceMaker celebrated

sometimes adults dress up in scary costumes. Halloween is about trying to be

ChoiceMaker sometimes adults dress up in scary costumes. Halloween is about trying to be


ChoiceMaker


1938, people all over America listened to their radios and heard

ChoiceMaker

1938, people all over America listened to their radios and heard

scientists had seen strange lights on the planet

ChoiceMaker

scientists had seen strange lights on the planet

Korea

Korea

celebratedKorea

celebrated

Co.Co.WorldsCo.WorldsCo.



1. invade a. tricked

2. adapted b. modified

3. fooled c. launched

4. launched d. frightened

5. terrified e. attack

Main idea


a. The day Martians invaded Earth

b. A story about people going to Mars

c. A radio play called The War of the Worlds

d. Halloween

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 1, what happened in 1938?

a. Americans heard reports that scientists had seen strange lights on Mars.

b. People dressed up in Halloween costumes.

c. People heard a fun story on the radio.

d. American children visited many countries.

2. According to paragraph 4, whose idea was it to tell The War of the Worlds story in the form of a news report?

a. H.G. Wells b. Orson Welles

c. Mr. Martian d. Mrs. Grover

3. According to paragraph 5, what happened when people heard the story?

a. Announcements were made before and after the play stating that it was a non-fiction program.

b. The police were terrified.

c. The police called many people.

d. Many listeners believed the invasion was actually happening.

Vocabulary Study I


The War of the Worlds 17

103

4 If you are wondering why you are alive to read about the invasion, it is because

it never happened. The news reports were actually a radio play adapted from

H. G. Wells’ book The War of the Worlds. A talented young actor and director

named Orson Welles had come up with the idea to tell the story in news reports

as if it were happening at that moment. The actors and writers did everything

they could to make the play seem real.

5 Although there were announcements before and after the play stating that it

was a fictional program, the production was so realistic that many listeners

believed the invasion was actually happening. Terrified people called the

police. Thousands of people got in their cars and tried to leave the cities. One

old woman was so frightened that she committed suicide.

6 Many people were angry when they found out that they had been fooled.

Orson Welles had to go on the radio and apologize. Although he didn’t mean to

frighten people, he did make an interesting play. The War of the Worlds radio

broadcast became so well known that it launched Orson Welles’ career as a

famous actor and director.

fool to trick, deceive

102

Property

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a. trickedCo.a. tricked

b. modifiedCo.b. modified

Main idea


a. The various works of H. G. Wells

b. Orson Welles’s successful career as an actor

c. The American Civil War

d. The false reports about the Martians’ invasion

Details

1. What is true about H.G. Wells?

a. He was a talented director.

b. He enjoyed frightening people.

c. He is the author of The War of the Worlds.

d. He came from Mars.

2. What is true about Orson Welles?

a. He saw the Martians’ invasion.

b. He was a talented actor.

c. He was attacked by Martians.

d. He was a renowned scientist.

They used a weapon called a heat ray to kill hundreds of people.


a. Many people were killed by heat rays.

b. Heat rays killed many people.

c. They killed many people using a weapon called a heat ray.

d. They killed hundreds of people with a weapon called a heat ray.


Paraphrasing

The War of the Worlds 17

105

Word root: bene

1. benefactor = bene (good) + factor (to do)

benevolence = bene (good) + volence (to wish)

benediction = bene (good) + diction (to speak)

2. benefactor: good, to do → a person who gives

benevolence: good, to wish → kind acts

benediction: good, to speak → a spoken blessing


a. The school’s donated new computers.

b. The priest gave a beautiful .

c. Everyone appreciated his .


The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader about .

a. Mars b. Martians

c. an event d. Earth

Coherence


The armies used every weapon known to humans, but the Martians kept coming.

The news reports continued. The creatures were from Mars, and they were here toinvade Earth. The Martian army began to take over cities killing thousands of peopleeverywhere they went. Armies were called out to stop the Martian invaders, butnothing could stop them. People all over America were panicked. This was the endfor the human race.

Vocabulary Study II


benefactor benevolence benediction

104

Property




Property


The creatures were from Mars, and they were here to

Property

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Property

invade Earth. The Martian army began to take over cities killing thousands of peopleeverywhere they went. Armies were called out to stop the Martian invaders, butProperty

everywhere they went. Armies were called out to stop the Martian invaders, butPeople all over America were panicked. This was the endProperty

People all over America were panicked. This was the end

of ] that indicate where the following sentence can be addedof ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added

The .

The .

The ChoiceMaker Details

ChoiceMaker Details

1. What is true about H.G. Wells?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about H.G. Wells?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The various works of H. G. Wells

Korea a. The various works of H. G. Wells

b. Orson Welles’s successful career as an actor

Korea b. Orson Welles’s successful career as an actor

c. The American Civil War

Korea c. The American Civil War

d. The false reports about the Martians’ invasion

Korea d. The false reports about the Martians’ invasion


a. The various works of H. G. WellsCo.a. The various works of H. G. Wells

1. Where is Egypt?2. Who built the pyramids?3. Do you know what the Sphinx is? How big is it?

Egyptian CulturePre-reading activity

18

The Middle East an area that stretches fromLybia to Afghanistancontaining the countries ofEgypt, Sudan, Israel, Jordan,Saudia Arabia, etc.

Europe the continent that lies north of Africaand west of Asia

flourish grow rapidly

1 Egyptian culture has a recorded history dating back 5000 years, making it oneof the oldest cultures in the world. Ancient Egypt was one of the world’s firststable complex city-states. Its culture had a widespread and lasting influence.The impact of ancient Egyptian culture can be seen in the cultures that followedit in North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. Much of modern Westernculture has its roots in ancient Egypt.

2 Egyptian culture begins around 3150 B.C. At this time, Menes unified upperand lower Egypt to become the first king of Egypt. Egyptian culture, includingart, social structure, religion, and architecture remained remarkably stable overthe next 3,000 years. The civilization of ancient Egypt was built on its ability tocontrol its natural resources and its influence on its neighbors, by means oftrade and military excursions. The Egyptian society began to flourish with theintroduction of irrigation techniques in the fertile Nile Delta. Thisimprovement in agriculture gave the Egyptians a stable food supply that wasless influenced by periods of drought. With a ready food supply, the Egyptianswere able to begin mining the mineral resources of their land. They entered intoprofitable trade with their neighbors and, when necessary, the Egyptians wereable to extend their influence militarily. During this 3,000-year period, theEgyptians developed one of the most sophisticated and advanced societies inthe world.

107

Summary

Speaking

cute animals mean big loyal regardless barks

106


a. Thousands of people heard the radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds andthought it was really happening.

b. Orson Welles wrote The War of the Worlds.

c. H.G. Wells wrote The War of the Worlds.

d. The War of the Worlds was read over the radio on Halloween, 1938.

e. Martians attacked the Earth on Halloween, 1938.

f. Grover’s Mill, New Jersey, U.S.A., was the first part of America invaded byMartians.

What’s your favorite animal?

Model response


Dogs are my favorite . They can be small and or

large and -looking. They can have short hair or long hair, small ears

or ears. Some of them have deep, loud ; others have

high-pitched, squeaky barks. But of how they look, all dogs are

to their owners. Personally, I like Dalmatians best.


Property

Property

Property

Property cute animals mean big loyal regardless barks

Property cute animals mean big loyal regardless barkscute animals mean big loyal regardless barks

. They can be small and

Property

. They can be small and

-looking. They can have short hair or long hair, small ears

Property

-looking. They can have short hair or long hair, small ears

ears. Some of them have deep, loud

Property

ears. Some of them have deep, loud

of how they look, all dogs are

Property

of how they look, all dogs are


Property




cute animals mean big loyal regardless barksof cute animals mean big loyal regardless barkscute animals mean big loyal regardless barks

The ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker Egyptian culture has a recorded history dating back 5000 years, making it one

ChoiceMaker Egyptian culture has a recorded history dating back 5000 years, making it one

of the oldest cultures in the world. Ancient Egypt was one of the world’s first

ChoiceMaker of the oldest cultures in the world. Ancient Egypt was one of the world’s first

stable complex city-states. Its culture had a widespread and lasting influence.

ChoiceMaker

stable complex city-states. Its culture had a widespread and lasting influence.The impact of ancient Egyptian culture can be seen in the cultures that followed

ChoiceMaker

The impact of ancient Egyptian culture can be seen in the cultures that followedit in North Africa,

ChoiceMaker

it in North Africa, culture has its roots in ancient Egypt.

ChoiceMaker

culture has its roots in ancient Egypt.

Korea

Korea

Egyptian culture has a recorded history dating back 5000 years, making it oneKorea

Egyptian culture has a recorded history dating back 5000 years, making it one

Co.Co.Egyptian CultureCo.Egyptian CultureCo.



1. stable a. extensive

2. widespread b. wonder

3. influence c. constant

4. sophisticated d. advanced

5. marvel e. power

Main idea


a. Egypt b. Egyptian culture

c. The Sphinx d. The pyramids

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, who was the first king of Egypt?

a. Edward b. Sphinx

c. Nile d. Menes

2. According to paragraph 3, what is the Sphinx?

a. A statue of a lion’s body and a human head

b. A statue of a pharaoh

c. A statue of a human body and a lion’s head

d. A statue of a bird

3. According to paragraph 1, Egyptian culture is ____________ years old.

a. 1,000 b. 2,000

c. 7,000 d. 5,000

Vocabulary Study I


Egyptian Culture 18

109

delta an area, usually triangular in shape, thatsits between two departing branches of ariver

pyramid a large Egyptian building with fourtriangular sides and a square base

afterlife life after death

3 Modern people still marvel at the architectural and engineering achievementsof the ancient Egyptians. One of the greatest building projects of any age is thelion’s body and human head of the Sphinx. It is 4,636 years old and isconstructed of huge stone blocks, each weighing several tons. The body is 45meters long; the head is ten meters high and four meters wide; the paws are 15meters long. All of this was built without the use of any modern machines. Thebest-known works of the ancient Egyptians are the pyramids. These manmademountains were built as tombs for the pharaohs, or kings. There are over onehundred pyramids in Egypt today; many of these can be seen from the capitalcity of Cairo.

4 The Egyptians were the most advanced medical practitioners of their time.They had a basic understanding of the functions of the organs of the body.Some of the first surgeries were performed in ancient Egypt, and Egyptianmedical practitioners were able to use plants and herbs as effective cures forvarious disorders. Perhaps the most amazing medical practice of the ancientEgyptians was that of mummification. This was an important process for theEgyptians because of the religious belief that the body lived on in the afterlife.Some Egyptian mummies are remarkably well preserved, even today.

5 The ancient Egyptians also made contributions to human civilization in theareas of astronomy, writing, and mathematics. There is hardly an area wherethe Egyptians weren’t the most advanced of their time. Archeologists are stillstudying and making new discoveries about this fascinating ancientcivilization.

108

Property

pyramid Property

pyramid Property

Property studying and making new discoveries about this fascinating ancient

Property studying and making new discoveries about this fascinating ancientof areas of astronomy, writing, and mathematics. There is hardly an area where

of areas of astronomy, writing, and mathematics. There is hardly an area wherethe Egyptians weren’t the most advanced of their time. Archeologists are still

of the Egyptians weren’t the most advanced of their time. Archeologists are stillstudying and making new discoveries about this fascinating ancientof studying and making new discoveries about this fascinating ancient

The The ancient Egyptians also made contributions to human civilization in theThe The ancient Egyptians also made contributions to human civilization in theareas of astronomy, writing, and mathematics. There is hardly an area whereThe areas of astronomy, writing, and mathematics. There is hardly an area wherethe Egyptians weren’t the most advanced of their time. Archeologists are stillThe the Egyptians weren’t the most advanced of their time. Archeologists are still

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K

orea 4. sophisticated

Korea 4. sophisticated



a. extensiveCo.a. extensive

b. wonderCo.b. wonder

Main idea


a. The achievements of ancient Egyptians b. The history of Egypt

c. Egyptian mummies d. The production of Sphinx

Details

1. What is true about Sphinx?

a. It is made of mud.

b. It was built with modern machines.

c. It is 4,636 years old.

d. It was made of gold.

2. What is true about the pyramids?

a. There are only fifty pyramids in Egypt today.

b. All of them are extremely small.

c. It was made by the natural processes.

d. They were tombs for the Egyptian kings.

This was an important process for the Egyptians because of the religious belief that the body lived on in the afterlife.


a. Egyptian religions stated that everyone should be mummified when they die.

b. Egyptians believed that the body lived on in an afterlife, and because of thisbelief mummification was an important process.

c. Egyptians believed that mummies came back to life and walked the Earth.

d. Egyptians believed that a mummified person would never die.


Paraphrasing

Egyptian Culture 18

111

Word root: dura

1. durable = dura (hard, lasting) + ble (ability)

endure = en (to make) + dure (hard, lasting)

duration = dura (hard, lasting) + tion (makes a noun)

2. durable: hard, lasting, ability → long lasting

endure: to make, hard, lasting → to withstand hardship

duration: hard, lasting, noun → a period of time


a. A good pair of boots are .

b. We stayed for the of the game.

c. He had to many hardships during the trip.


It can be inferred from the passage that ancient Egyptian culture .

a. was behind other cultures of the time b. had little knowledge of medicine

c. had a powerful military d. began 3,000 years ago

Coherence


How the Egyptians moved these blocks is still a mystery.

Modern people still marvel at the architectural and engineering achievements of theancient Egyptians. One of the greatest building projects of any age is the lion’s bodyand human head of the Sphinx. It is 4,636 years old and is constructed of huge stoneblocks, each weighing several tons. The body is 45 meters long; the head is tenmeters high and four meters wide; the paws are 15 meters long.

Vocabulary Study II


durable endure duration

110

Property




Property


Modern people still marvel at the architectural and engineering achievements of the

Property

Modern people still marvel at the architectural and engineering achievements of theOne of the greatest building projects of any age is the lion’s body

Property

One of the greatest building projects of any age is the lion’s bodyIt is 4,636 years old and is constructed of huge stoneProperty

It is 4,636 years old and is constructed of huge stoneThe body is 45 meters long; the head is tenProperty

The body is 45 meters long; the head is tenmeters high and four meters wide; the paws are 15 meters long.

Property

meters high and four meters wide; the paws are 15 meters long.

of d. began 3,000 years ago

of d. began 3,000 years ago


The .

The .

a. was behind other cultures of the time b. had little knowledge of medicineThe a. was behind other cultures of the time b. had little knowledge of medicineThe Choice

Maker 1. What is true about Sphinx?

ChoiceMaker

1. What is true about Sphinx?


ChoiceMaker a. It is made of mud.

b. It was built with modern machines.

ChoiceMaker b. It was built with modern machines.


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The achievements of ancient Egyptians b. The history of Egypt

Korea a. The achievements of ancient Egyptians b. The history of Egypt

c. Egyptian mummies d. The production of Sphinx

Korea c. Egyptian mummies d. The production of Sphinx

1. What is true about Sphinx? Korea 1. What is true about Sphinx?

a. It is made of mud.Korea



a. The achievements of ancient Egyptians b. The history of Egypt Co.a. The achievements of ancient Egyptians b. The history of Egypt

113113

1. What things can be recycled?2. Do you know what happens to old cars?3. Can the rubber from car tires be recycled?

Recycling CarsPre-reading activity

19

1 Henry Ford was a pioneer in the mass production of cars. His factories utilized

assembly lines to produce a lot of cars quickly and cheaply. When Ford first

began making cars, they were so expensive that only wealthy people could

afford them. Ford made it possible for average people to own their cars. At the

time, people saw this as a big improvement in the quality of their lives.

Recently, people have begun to worry about all of the old cars. How do we get

rid of the cars we don’t want anymore?

2 Since Henry Ford made cars affordable, people have become increasingly

dependent on their cars. For most of us, it is hard to imagine our lives without

our cars. Every year, new cars are built and old ones are left as junk, making

piles of rusting metal. There are hundreds of millions of cars left as junk all

over the world. In the early days of cars, no one thought about what would

happen to old cars, but today people are becoming increasingly concerned

about the environment and junked cars have become a problem that many

people are concerned about. There are so many junked cars around because the

materials used to make cars – metal, plastics, rubber, and glass – all last a long

time.

pioneer a person who opens up new areas ofthought, research, or development

assembly line a line of people or machines eachwith a specific task to work on anincomplete product that ispassed along the line untilcompletion112


a. Egyptian culture began around 3150 B.C.

b. The first Egyptian pharaoh was named Cleopatra.

c. The Sphinx is 4,636 years old.

d. The Egyptians were never able to irrigate the Nile Delta.

e. The Egyptians had advanced medical knowledge.

f. The pyramids are far from any large cities.

What kind of television shows do you like? Why?

Model response


I like comedies . Most evenings, my family and I watch

together. My mother and like watching the news,

my brother likes watching , and I like watching documentaries, but

we all watching comedies. I like comedies best they

are something my family and I can watch and laugh at together.


Summary

Speaking

television because dramas best father enjoy

Property . Most evenings, my family and I watch

Property . Most evenings, my family and I watch

like watching the news,

Property like watching the news,

, and I like watching documentaries, but

Property

, and I like watching documentaries, but

watching comedies. I like comedies best

Property

watching comedies. I like comedies best


Property



Property


Property of of of of of

. Most evenings, my family and I watchof

. Most evenings, my family and I watch

television because dramas best father enjoy

of television because dramas best father enjoytelevision because dramas best father enjoyThe The The The The

television because dramas best father enjoyThe television because dramas best father enjoytelevision because dramas best father enjoy

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker Henry Ford was a

ChoiceMaker Henry Ford was a

assembly lines

ChoiceMaker assembly lines

began making cars, they were so expensive that only

ChoiceMaker

began making cars, they were so expensive that only


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker


Korea

Korea

Henry Ford was a Korea

Henry Ford was a

Co.Co.Recycling CarsCo.Recycling CarsCo.



1. pioneer a. reuse

2. utilize b. use

3. affordable c. reasonable

4. dependent d. lead the way

5. recycle e. reliant

Main idea


a. Henry Ford b. Metal

c. Recycling car parts and materials d. Fast cars

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 1, people have begun to worry about .

a. factories utilizing production lines b. cars being expensive

c. what to do with all the old cars d. improving the quality of their lives

2. According to paragraph 2, .

a. there are hundreds of millions of junked cars all over the world

b. there are no junked cars in the U.S.A.

c. Henry Ford made expensive cars

d. it is easy to imagine life without cars

3. According to paragraph 3, it is easy to recycle the metal in cars, but difficult torecycle the .

a. plastic b. glass

c. metal d. all of the above

Vocabulary Study I


Recycling Cars 19

115

3 There are some problems in recycling cars. Cars are 75 percent metal. This can

easily be melted down and reused. The majority of the rest of a car is made of

different kinds of plastic, glass, and rubber. These materials can be difficult to

separate and recycle. Public pressure has pushed car manufacturers to try to

make their cars more environmentally friendly. For example, BMW is building

their cars to be easier to recycle and the company is using recycled materials in

their new cars.

4 Car tires are the biggest challenge in the recycling of cars. Rubber is expensive

to recycle. The rubber used to make tires contains oil, and when the tires burn

they release a lot of energy. Some cities are experimenting with power plants

that use tires as fuel. This may be part of the solution to the junked car

problem.

wealthy richpublic the people of a community, state, or

nation

manufacturer producerBMW a German car company

114

Property

manufacturer Property

manufacturer BMW Property

BMW Property

Property of T

he ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K



a. reuseCo.a. reuse

b. useCo.b. use

Main idea


a. The invention of cars

b. Major environmental issues in the 21st century

c. How junked cars became an environmental issue

d. The number of cars in our society

Details

1. What is true about cars?

a. There are no more new cars.

b. Few people depend on their own cars.

c. They are good for the environment.

d. New ones are constantly being made.

2. What is true about junked cars?

a. They do not cause any environmental problems.

b. Few people are concerned about their existence.

c. There are hundreds of millions of them in the world.

d. They can be easily recycled.

For most of us, it is hard to imagine our lives without our cars.


a. Our lives would be better without cars.

b. Most people find it hard to imagine how they would live without a car.

c. Without a car we wouldn’t have an imagination.

d. People’s imagination made cars.


Paraphrasing

Recycling Cars 19

117

Word root: sopho

1. sophomore = sopho (wise) + more (fool)

philosophy = philo (love) + sophy (wise)

sophist = soph (wise) + ist (person)

2. sophomore: wise, fool → second year university student

philosophy: love, wise → lover of knowledge

sophist: wise, person → philosopher


a. The student is studying .

b. He is in his second year at the university; he is a .

c. The university professor is a .



a. tires are not a recycling problem

b. there are more tires than cars to be recycled

c. tires can be made into new tires

d. new cars don’t need tires

Coherence


The number of old cars is growing every year.

Ford made it possible for average people to own their own cars. At the time, peoplesaw this as a big improvement in the quality of their lives. Recently, people havebegun to worry about all of the old cars. How do we get rid of the cars we don’twant anymore?

Vocabulary Study II


sophomore philosophy sophist

116

Property

Property


Property


Property



Property


Ford made it possible for average people to own their own cars. Property

Ford made it possible for average people to own their own cars. saw this as a big improvement in the quality of their lives. Property

saw this as a big improvement in the quality of their lives. How do we get rid of the cars we don’tProperty

How do we get rid of the cars we don’t

of The Choice

Maker Details

ChoiceMaker Details

1. What is true about cars?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about cars?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The invention of cars

Korea a. The invention of cars

b. Major environmental issues in the 21st century

Korea b. Major environmental issues in the 21st century

c. How junked cars became an environmental issue

Korea c. How junked cars became an environmental issue

d. The number of cars in our society

Korea d. The number of cars in our society


1. What is mass production?2. What is an assembly line?3. Do you prefer machine-made things or handmade

things?

The Arts and CraftsMovementPre-reading activity

20

movement a series of acts or activities intendedor tending toward a particular end

architect a person who designs buildings andconstruction

1 The last part of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were a

period of rapid industrialization. Everyday objects that used to be made

individually by skilled craftspeople were being mass-produced in factories.

This age of industrialization made goods more available, but it also meant that

objects became repetitive and lost their uniqueness. People in different parts of

the country and even different parts of the world could buy goods that were

exactly the same. The Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction to this

sameness and to the reality that people were becoming slaves to the machines.

2 The Arts and Crafts Movement began as a search for individualized styles.

People in this movement included artists, architects, and craftspeople. For

some extreme people in the Arts and Crafts Movement, machine-made

products were a threat to creativity and individualism. These people avoided

using any machines in their work. Instead, they made only handmade goods.

These products were so expensive that only wealthy customers could afford

them.

119


a. Henry Ford made cars affordable.

b. Most cars are recycled.

c. Tires are easy to recycle.

d. People are starting to worry about what to do with old cars.

e. Steel is the easiest part of a car to recycle.

f. BMWs are the hardest type of car to recycle.

How often do you eat out?

Model response


I eat out once a week. On Friday , my family usually

out to eat together. Friday, my sister and I take it in

turn to decide where to go for dinner. When it’s my sister’s to

choose, we usually go for hamburgers. When it’s my turn to , we

often go for pizza. My family loves Friday nights.


Summary

Speaking

usually choose turn Each nights goes

118

Property Friday, my sister and I take it in

Property Friday, my sister and I take it in

turn to decide where to go for dinner. When it’s my sister’s

Property

turn to decide where to go for dinner. When it’s my sister’s

choose, we usually go for hamburgers. When it’s my turn to

Property

choose, we usually go for hamburgers. When it’s my turn to


Property




, my family usuallyof , my family usually

usually choose turn Each nights goes

of usually choose turn Each nights goesusually choose turn Each nights goes The The The The The Choice

Maker

ChoiceMaker The last part of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were a

ChoiceMaker The last part of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were a

period of rapid industrialization. Everyday objects that used to be made

ChoiceMaker period of rapid industrialization. Everyday objects that used to be made


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker


Korea

Korea

The last part of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were aKorea

The last part of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were a

Co.Co.MovementCo.MovementCo.



1. rapid a. expert

2. skilled b. individual

3. unique c. ordinary

4. repetitive d. recurring

5. mundane e. fast

Main idea


a. A movement against mass-produced products b. Skilled workers

c. The 19th century d. Arts and crafts

Detail questions

1. According to paragraph 2, what did the Arts and Crafts Movement begin as?

a. A movement toward expensive products b. A period of industrialization

c. A search for machine-made products d. A search for authentic styles

2. According to paragraph 3, one faction of the Arts and Crafts Movement wanted touse machines for _______________.

a. everything b. skilled workmanship

c. repetitive and mundane tasks d. unique and creative tasks

3. According to paragraph 4, why was the Arts and Crafts Movement against theassembly line?

a. Because it required workers to be involved in too much of the productionprocess.

b. Because it only required workers to do one repetitive task.

c. Because it required workers to be overly skilled.

d. Because the division of labor was exactly what the Arts and Crafts Movementwas looking for.

Vocabulary Study I


The Arts and Crafts Movement 20

121

labor workcontribute to add to

conflict to be in disagreement withintentionally purposely

3 Others in the movement believed in keeping products affordable and available

and that using machines were necessary to do this. This faction of the

movement wanted to use machines only for the repetitive and mundane tasks

that did not require skill. By limiting the use of machines, the craftspeople

would still be able to create work that was unique and creative. Although there

was some disagreement as to the role machines should play in craftspeople’s

work, there was no such disagreement as to the role of division of labor.

4 The assembly line, which had become the norm in mass-producing factories,

required workers to do only one repetitive task. These factories were oriented

toward the fastest production of goods possible. There was no opportunity for

the workers to contribute to the product outside of their designated task. This

division of labor was exactly what the Arts and Crafts Movement was against.

The Arts and Crafts Movement advocated that workers be involved in the

production process from start to finish.

5 The conflict between mass-produced goods and goods that are individualized

can still be seen. Today, many clothing makers intentionally leave hems

unfinished or have pre-worn holes in jeans to give their products the feel of

uniqueness. Of course, this attempt at uniqueness is planned and produced on

a mass scale. Manufacturers recognize that no matter how modern our society

gets, we still want to express our individuality.

120

Property

conflict Property

conflict intentionally Property

intentionally Property

Property of a mass scale. Manufacturers recognize that no matter how modern our society

of a mass scale. Manufacturers recognize that no matter how modern our societyThe unfinished or have pre-worn holes in jeans to give their products the feel of

The unfinished or have pre-worn holes in jeans to give their products the feel of

uniqueness. Of course, this attempt at uniqueness is planned and produced onThe uniqueness. Of course, this attempt at uniqueness is planned and produced on

a mass scale. Manufacturers recognize that no matter how modern our societyThe a mass scale. Manufacturers recognize that no matter how modern our society

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

ChoiceMaker

Main idea

ChoiceMaker

Main idea


ChoiceMaker




ChoiceMaker K

orea 5. mundane

Korea 5. mundane



a. expertCo.a. expert

b. individualCo.b. individual

Main idea


a. The economic importance of art in modern society

b. Some extremist political movements in the 20th century

c. People involved in the Arts and Crafts Movement

d. Ways of developing creativity and individualism

Details

1. What is true about mass-produced products?

a. They were extremely expensive.

b. They required creativity and individualism.

c. Some people felt that they were a threat.

d. They did not require the use of machines.

2. What is true about handmade products?

a. Most of them were cheap. b. The poor could afford to buy them.

c. They did not require creativity. d. Most of them were costly.

For some extreme people in the Arts and Crafts Movement, machine-made products were a threat to creativity and individualism.


a. Some people thought creativity was a threat to machine-made products.

b. Some people thought machine-made products were a threat to creativity andindividualism.

c. Machine-made products were considered a threat to creativity andindividualism, by some extreme people in the Arts and Crafts Movement.

d. Machine-made products were considered a threat to individuals, by someextreme people in the Arts and Crafts Movement.


Paraphrasing

The Arts and Crafts Movement 20

123

Word root: act

1. active = act (do,act) + ive (performs an action)

react = re (again, back) + act (do,act)

inactive = in (not) + act (do,act) + ive (performs an action)

2. active: do, performs an action → full of change, movement

react: back, act → to act in opposition

inactive: not, do, performs an acton → not full of change, movement


a. The volcano has not erupted in many years; it is .

b. He is the most man I know; he is always doing something.

c. When insulted, it is best to not and walk away.



a. most products were made by hand at the time of the Arts and Crafts Movement

b. most products were machine-made at the time of the Arts and Crafts Movement

c. the Arts and Crafts Movement was a success

d. the Arts and Crafts Movement is still happening

Coherence


Working on theses kinds of repetitive tasks does not allow the workers to make any creative contributions to the final product.

The assembly line, which had become the norm in mass-producing factories,required workers to do only one repetitive task. These factories were orientedtoward the fastest production of goods possible. There was no opportunity for theworkers to contribute to the product outside of their one designated task.

Vocabulary Study II


active react inactive

122

Property

Property


Property


Property


Working on theses kinds of repetitive tasks does not allow the workers to

Property

Working on theses kinds of repetitive tasks does not allow the workers to make any creative contributions to the final product.

Property

make any creative contributions to the final product.

The assembly line, which had become the norm in mass-producing factories,

Property

The assembly line, which had become the norm in mass-producing factories,required workers to do only one repetitive task. Property

required workers to do only one repetitive task. Property

These factories were orientedProperty

These factories were orientedtoward the fastest production of goods possible. Property

toward the fastest production of goods possible.

of The a. most products were made by hand at the time of the Arts and Crafts Movement

The a. most products were made by hand at the time of the Arts and Crafts Movement

b. most products were machine-made at the time of the Arts and Crafts Movement

The b. most products were machine-made at the time of the Arts and Crafts Movement

ChoiceMaker Details

ChoiceMaker Details

1. What is true about mass-produced products?

ChoiceMaker 1. What is true about mass-produced products?


ChoiceMaker



ChoiceMaker




a. The economic importance of art in modern society

Korea a. The economic importance of art in modern society

b. Some extremist political movements in the 20th century

Korea b. Some extremist political movements in the 20th century

c. People involved in the Arts and Crafts Movement

Korea c. People involved in the Arts and Crafts Movement

d. Ways of developing creativity and individualism

Korea d. Ways of developing creativity and individualism


a. The economic importance of art in modern societyCo.a. The economic importance of art in modern society

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a. The Arts and Crafts Movement is still going on today.

b. The Arts and Crafts Movement took place in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

c. The Arts and Crafts Movement was a reaction to the mass production ofproducts and lack of originality.

d. The Arts and Crafts Movement was against individualism.

e. The Arts and Crafts Movement advocated that workers should work longhours.

f. The Arts and Crafts Movement was against production lines, as it wantedworkers to be involved in the production of products from start to finish.

What’s your worst habit?

Model response


My worst is that I bite my nails. Ever I was a young

child, I have bitten my nails. I can still my mother seeing me bite

them when I was about five years old and her telling me not to. I can’t help it. I

don’t even that I’m doing it. I have tried many methods to make

me stop, such as putting ten cents in a jar time I do it, but that

didn’t stop me. Hopefully I will this bad habit.


Summary

Speaking

notice habit remember since every outgrow

Property

Property

Property

Property

Property

is that I bite my nails. Ever

Property

is that I bite my nails. Ever

my mother seeing me bite

Property

my mother seeing me bite


Property


that I’m doing it. I have tried many methods to make

Property

that I’m doing it. I have tried many methods to make

me stop, such as putting ten cents in a jar Property

me stop, such as putting ten cents in a jar Property notice habit remember since every outgrow

Property notice habit remember since every outgrownotice habit remember since every outgrowof of of of of

notice habit remember since every outgrowof notice habit remember since every outgrownotice habit remember since every outgrow

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