CNSL/Glass Fiber CompositesSai Naga Sri Harsha. ChSRUJANA-Innovation Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. Ph:+91-9866335653, E-mail: sainagasriharsha@gmail.com Padmanabhan. KCentre for Excellence in Nano-composites, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, India.Ph:+91-9840032002, E-mail: padmanabhan.k@vit.ac.in

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

Glass Fiber and Fabric

Sample making of CNSL

Formaldehyde 16.67% by weight

CNSL 5% H2So4 by weight 10% Toluene by weight

Heat Treatment 120oC for 2 hours

Sample 1

Sample 2

Sample 3

Proposed Fabrication Process

Iron PlateCNSL

Glass FabricCNSL

Glass Fabric CNSL

Glass FabricCNSL

Glass FabricCNSL

Glass Fabric

Iron PlateIron Plate

• 260gsm glass fabric sheet of 37cmX37cm• 8 layers are laid up• The laid composite sheets contain 20 % glass

fibres by volume (i.e. Vf=0.2)• To attain uniform properties, a load of 22 Kg is

applied by placing two thick mild steel sheets• For curing the lay-up is heated in a hot air oven up

to a temperature of 1200C for 2 hours

CNSL

Composite

Tensile Test

Tensile specimens are loaded until the failure of the specimen.

Tensile test ….Results

0.02550.10190.17830.25470.33110.40750.48390.56030.63670.71310.78950.86590.94231.01871.09511.17151.24791.32431.40071.47711.55351.62991.70631.78271.85911.93552.01192.08832.16472.24112.31752.39392.47032.54672.62312.69952.77592.85232.92873.00513.08153.15793.23433.31073.38713.46353.53993.61633.69273.76913.84553.92193.99834.07474.15114.22754.30394.38034.45674.53314.60954.68594.76234.83874.91514.99155.06795.14435.22075.29715.37355.44995.52635.60275.67915.75555.83195.90835.98476.06116.13756.21396.29036.36686.44326.51966.5966.67246.74886.82526.90166.9787.05447.13087.20727.28367.367.43647.51287.58927.66567.7427.81847.89487.97128.04768.1248.20048.27688.35328.42968.5068.58248.65888.73528.81168.8888.96449.04089.11729.19369.279.34649.42289.49929.575600000000019.6529.72849.80489.88129.9576000000000110.03410.110410.186810.263210.339610.41610.492410.568810.645210.721610.79810.874410.950811.027211.103611.1811.256411.332811.409211.485611.56211.638411.714811.791211.867611.94412.020412.096812.173212.249612.32612.402412.478812.555212.631612.70812.784412.860812.937213.013613.0913.166413.242813.319213.395613.47213.548413.624813.701313.777713.854113.930514.006914.083314.159714.236114.312514.388914.465314.541714.618114.694514.770914.847314.923715.000115.076515.152915.229315.305715.382115.458515.534915.611315.687715.764115.840515.916915.993316.069716.146116.222516.298916.375316.451716.528116.604516.680916.757316.833716.910116.986517.062917.139317.215717.292117.368517.444917.521317.597717.674117.750517.826917.903317.979718.056118.132518.208918.285318.361718.438118.514518.590918.667318.743718.820118.896518.972919.049319.125719.202119.278519.354919.431319.507719.584119.660519.736919.813319.889719.966120.042520.118920.195320.271720.348120.424520.500920.577320.653720.730120.806520.882920.959321.035721.112121.188521.264921.341421.417821.494221.570621.64721.723421.799821.884621.96122.037422.113922.190322.266722.343122.419522.495922.572322.648722.725122.801522.877922.954323.030723.107123.183523.259923.336323.412723.489123.565523.641923.718323.794723.871123.947524.023924.100324.176724.253124.329524.405924.482324.558724.635124.711524.787924.864324.940725.017125.093525.169925.246325.322725.399125.475525.551925.628325.704725.781125.857525.933926.010326.086726.163126.239526.315926.392326.468726.545126.621526.697926.774326.850726.927127.003527.079927.156327.232727.309127.385527.461927.538327.614727.691127.767527.843927.920327.996728.073128.149528.225928.302328.378728.455128.531528.607928.684328.760728.837128.913528.989929.066329.142729.219129.295529.371929.448329.524729.601129.677529.753929.830429.906829.983230.059630.13630.212430.288830.365230.441630.51830.594430.670830.747230.823630.930.976431.052831.129231.205631.28231.358431.434831.511231.587631.66431.740431.816831.893231.969632.04632.122432.198832.275232.351632.42832.504432.580832.657232.733632.8132.886432.962833.039233.115633.19233.268433.344833.421233.497633.57433.650433.726833.803233.879633.95634.032434.108834.185234.261634.33834.414434.490834.567234.643634.7234.796434.872834.949235.025635.10235.178435.254835.331235.407635.49250

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Displacement In mm

Load

In N

Specimen No.

Load (N) Cross Sec. Area (mm2)

Stress (MPa)

Strain

1 2004.4 77.5 25.863 0.1712 3559.9 77.5 45.935 0.1843 3187.3 77.5 41.126 0.1774 3805.1 77.5 49.098 0.1625 3285.3 77.5 42.391 0.195

SEN test

The SEN specimens are loaded until the pre- crack starts propagating consistently.

SEN test….Results

0.05090.16130.27160.3820.49240.60270.71310.82340.93381.04411.15451.26491.37521.48561.59591.70631.81661.9272.03742.14772.25812.36842.47882.58912.69952.80992.92023.03063.14093.25133.36163.4723.58243.69273.80313.91344.02384.13414.24454.35494.46524.57564.68594.79634.90665.0175.12745.23775.34815.45845.56885.67915.78955.89996.01026.12066.23096.34136.45166.5626.67246.78276.89317.00347.11387.22417.33457.44497.55527.66567.77597.88637.99668.1078.21748.32778.43818.54848.65888.76918.879500000000018.98999.10029.21069.32099.43139.54169.6529.76249.87279.983110.093410.203810.314110.424510.534910.645210.755610.865910.976311.086611.19711.307411.417711.528111.638411.748811.859111.969512.079912.190212.300612.410912.521312.631612.74212.852412.962713.073113.183413.293813.404113.514513.624813.735213.845613.955914.066314.176614.28714.397314.507714.618114.728414.838814.949115.059515.169815.280215.390615.500915.611315.721615.83215.942316.052716.163116.273416.383816.494116.604516.714816.825216.935617.045917.156317.266617.37717.487317.597717.708117.818417.928818.039118.149518.259818.370218.480618.590918.701318.811618.92219.032319.142719.253119.363419.473819.584119.694519.804819.915220.025620.135920.246320.356620.46720.577320.687720.798120.908421.018821.129121.239521.349821.460221.570621.680921.791321.901622.01222.122322.232722.343122.453422.563822.674122.784522.894823.005223.115623.225923.336323.446623.55723.667323.777723.888123.998424.108824.219124.329524.439824.550224.660624.770924.881324.991625.10225.212325.322725.43325.543425.653825.764125.874525.984826.095226.205526.315926.426326.536626.64726.757326.867726.97827.088427.198827.309127.419527.529827.640227.750527.860927.971328.081628.19228.302328.412728.52328.633428.743828.854128.964529.074829.185229.295529.405929.516329.626629.73729.847329.957730.06830.178430.288830.399130.509530.619830.730230.840530.950931.061331.171631.28231.392331.502731.61331.723431.833831.944132.054532.164832.275232.385532.495932.606332.716632.82732.937333.047733.15833.268433.378833.489133.599533.709833.820233.930534.040934.151334.261634.37234.482334.592734.70334.813434.923735.034135.144535.254835.365235.475535.585935.696235.806635.91736.027336.137736.24836.358436.468736.579136.689536.799836.910237.020537.130937.241237.351637.46237.572337.682737.79337.903438.013738.124138.234538.344838.455238.565538.675938.786238.896639.00739.117339.227739.33839.448439.558739.669139.779539.889840.000240.110540.220940.331240.441640.55240.662340.772740.88340.993441.103741.214141.324541.434841.545241.655541.765941.876241.986642.09742.207342.317742.42842.538442.648742.759142.869542.979843.090243.200543.310943.421243.531643.64243.752343.862743.97344.083444.193744.304144.414544.524844.635244.745544.855944.966245.076645.18745.297345.407745.51845.628445.738745.849145.959546.069846.180246.290546.400946.511246.621646.73246.842346.952747.06347.173447.283747.394147.504447.614847.725247.835547.945948.056248.166648.276948.387348.497748.60848.718448.828748.939149.049449.159849.270249.380549.490949.601249.711649.821949.932350.042750.15350.263450.373750.484150.594450.704850.815250.925551.035951.146251.256651.366951.477351.587751.69851.808451.918752.029152.13940

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Displacement In mm

Load

In N

SEN test….Results

Spec No.

Load (N) Stress (MPa)

Fractu Fracture Toughness MPa √m.

Strain Strain Energy Release Rate (J/m2)

1 872.8 11.262 8.922 692.572 794.4 10.25 8.12 573.693 867.5 11.194 8.869 684.234 810.3 10.455 8.282 596.87

Spec No.

Load (N) Stress (MPa)

Fractu Fracture Toughness MPa √m.

Strain Strain Energy Release Rate (J/m2)

1 1371.3 17.6942 14.0173 1709.612 1316.4 16.9858 13.4562 1575.453 1157.2 14.9316 11.8288 1217.434 1412.2 18.2477 14.4558 1818.23

Crack initiation properties

Crack propagation properties

Discussion

The tensile strength of the composite is observed to be lower than that of a glass fabric/ epoxy composite laminate with the same volume fraction of resin.

The specimens show moderate interfacial strength between the resin and the fibre.

To increase the interfacial strength, different ways of alkali and acid curing could be attempted.

The toughness properties are good as presented But lower than that of glass/epoxy or metal modified glass

/epoxy composites whose fracture toughness and the strain energy release rate values lie in the region of 20 -40 MPa √m and 2-8 KJ/ m2, respectively [6,7].

A higher volume fraction of glass fabric is also expected to ensure higher fracture toughness values.

Efforts are on to improve the mechanical properties of CNSL composites through chemistry and fabrication techniques.

References[1] P. H. GEDAM and P. S. SAMPATHKUMARAN, Progress in Organic

Coatings, 14 (1986) 115 – 157.

[2] A.R.R. Menon, J.D. Sudha, C.K.S. Pillai, and A.G. Mathew, J. Sci. Ind.

Res., 44 (1985) 324.

[3] E. Papadopoulou, K. Chrysalis , Thermochimica Acta, 512 (2011) 105–109

[4] ASTM 3039, Tensile properties of reinforced plastics, West Conshohocken,

PA, 2010.

[5] Vallabh Prakash, Aditya R, Arathi L Kurup and Padmanabhan K,

International Journal of Contemporary engineering science and technology,

Vol: 1 No: 1, 2010, p55

[6] Vineet Kumar, Vinay Balachandran, Sushen V and Padmanabhan K,

International Journal of Contemporary engineering science and technology,

Vol: 1 No: 1, 2010, p77.

[7] D. Kumaran , R Narayanan , Abiram Reddy , K. Padmanabhan, Intl.

Journal of manufacturing science and engineering , Vol 2 no 2 , (2011), p 97.

QUESTIONS?????........

Thank you