cnidarians. what makes cnidarians unique? cnidarians are group of animals that are very diverse from...
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CNIDARIANS
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What makes Cnidarians Unique?
• Cnidarians are group of animals that are very diverse from stony coral to jellyfish. What common thread keeps this phyla of animals together?
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Common Thread
• Cniadarians are DIPLOBLASTIC (2 Layers – epidermis and gastrodermis)
• TRUE TISSUES(muscular, nervous, gastric)• CNIDAE (stinging tentacles)
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Diploblastic Body
• The two tissue layers are the epidermis and the gastrodermis
• Mesoglea- Jelly like portion between that separates the two layers.
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True Tissues
• True tissues: muscular, nervous, gastric
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Cnidae
Cnidocytes used in defense, feeding, and attachment
Some Cnidocytes can produce Nematocysts or stinging cells
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Nematocysts
Food gathering and defense.
Long tube with spines that penetrates prey delivering toxin
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Nematocysts
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Two Body Forms
• Polyp: tentacle up (anenomes, coral, hydra)
• Medusa: tentacle down (jellyfish)
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Polyp Stage
• Sessile, Asexual Reproduction, usually attached to substrate, some “walk”
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Polyp Stage
• Budding• Fission
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Polyp Stage
Polymorphism in polyps
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Medusa Stage• Dioecious, free swimming, sexual
reproduction• Develop reproductive organs (testis and
ovaries)
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Reproduction
• Sexual and Asexual reproduction• Alternation of generations
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Reproduction (sexual)
• Egg and Sperm released from GVC• Once combined egg + sperm will form a
planula (free swimming larva)• Once GVC devolops forms a Polyp
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Reproduction (asexual)
• Budding• Fission
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Alteration of Generations
• 2 Stages: Polyp & Medusa (dimorphic)• Polyp Stage – some species asexual
reproduction by budding, usually sessile
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Nutrition• Gastrovascular Cavity: Functions in
digestion, the exchange of respiratory gases, metabolic waste, and release of gametes
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Nutrition• Feeding: Prey mostly small crustaceans
(copepods) • Nematocysts paralyze prey, contractile
cells move prey to mouth, GVC releases enzymes
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Skeletal System
• Hydrostatic – fluid filled body (mesoglea)• Epitheliomuscular cells (longitudinal and
circular)
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Nervous System
• Nerve Net – Nervous system is spread throughout entire body
• Most primitive nervous system
• Some sensory structures – ocelli sense light
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Circulation, excretion, respiration
• No special structures or tissues, these life functions are carried out directly with the environment
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Hydrozoa
• Alteration of generation• Mostly Marine (although a few freshwater)
Hydra
Obelia
Physalia
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Scyphozoa
• True Jellyfish• Mostly found in Medusa stage• Some harmful some not to humans• Ocelli (rhodopalia) allow for Phototaxis
(move toward light)
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Cubozoa
• Box Jelly Fish• Some possess
dangerous nematocysts
• Active swimmers and feeders
• Tentacles on corners of medussa
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Anthozoa
• Corals & Anemones• Lack medusa stage
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Anemones
• Can move slowly over some surfaces• Live as individuals but in colonies• Feed on fish and crustaceans or organic
debris
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Corals
• Secrete a calcium skeleton
• Stony coral, large polyped stony corals, and soft corals
• May use symbiotic algae called zooxanthelle for autotrophism.
• Can live individually or in groups.
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Zooxanthelle
• Symbiotic Algae that provides food for the coral
• Found in reef-building coral
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Soft Coral• No hard calcium skeleton (although may
contain fragments inside them)
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Large Polyped Stony Coral (Octocoral)
• Have both soft tissue as well as produces a hard calcium skeleton
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Stony Corals
• Little soft tissue mainly hard calcium skeleton
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Reef building
• Corals can grow on one another to create entire reef systems
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Issues Affecting Reefs
• Many Reef Ecosystems are in peril from being destroyed.
• There are many culprits aiding in destruction of the reefs.
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