cms 5 endline of shahana · 2016-10-06 · qualitative monitoring of shiree interventions: cms5...
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QUALITATIVE MONITORING OF SHIREE INTERVENTIONS: CMS5 RESILIENCE STRATEGIES
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CMS 5 ENDLINE OF SHAHANA
INTRODUCTION
Shana is an adolescent and lives in a society that has manifold sources vulnerabilities.
It would be not enough to gauge the household wellbeing status only with diet,
employment and assets. However, considering diet intake, employment status and
asset value her household has been improved its wellbeing status from destitute to
upper working poor (in between working extreme poverty and moderate poverty
situation) class. Over the last one year Shana’s household has experienced from low
to high level of shocks, such as; illness of only income earner, illness of Shahna
herself and sold out of income generating asset. These shocks have pull the household
back by reducing income earning, saving, dietary diversity and number of meals. Her
household could not recover all the shocks successfully and two of those shocks still
to recover. During the high level of shocking period, Shahna’s household has
consumed stored rice and spent savings to afford household meals. Furthermore,
Shahana’s psycho-social vulnerabilities within the household renders non-material
distressed situation of beyond the material wellbeing status.
Recent turning points in the life of respondent in the last year
Shahana’s household has experienced both shocks and hazards over last one year
which are selling out of her IGA and her father and Shahana herself were ill. Health
shock was relatively higher in degree and duration.
Shahana has sold her IGA (Van)
Shahana sold her van out in August last year which she had received from Shiree-
SCI-Tanisha project. She explains reason of selling the van out rather to keep it for
earning a regular income. She used to earn 40 taka daily as a rent of her Van.
Shahana’s Father was bed ridden for three months
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Monsoon is the lean season for the agricultural daily laborers in coastal Barisal
region. This year, Shahana’s father was very ill during rainy season fever and
dysentery.
Chronic illness, physical and mental assault
Shahana has been suffering from chronic illness. She has menstrual problem since her
period had started. As she says, she has severe pain in every month for ten to twelve
days. She went to the Gynecologist two times but she does not like to take medicine.
Shahana psycho-social personality has been growing up in a different familial
environment. Her father used to beat her mother almost every day. Anything would
be an issue to beat her brutally. Even, very cruel thing is, her father used to teach her
how to beat her mother and then both used to beat together. Shahana mother the has
been separated from her father’s household for eight years ago and she now has been
living with her Son and daughter-in-law. Since then, when Shahana wa only six years
old, uses to cook and work for her father’s household.
Hazards Shocks Events
1. Shahana has sold her
IGA (Van)
2. Chronic illness, physical
and mental assault of
Shahana.
3. Shahana’s father was ill and bedridden for three
months
1. WELLBEING STATUS AT ENDLINE
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Shahana’s household wellbeing status has been uplifted to in between of working
extreme poverty and moderate poverty from destitute situation. Usually her household
can afford three meals a day. During lean season or the high level of shocks their meal
reduces to two due to lack of regular income. The employment opportunity and diet
are significantly both in shocks and lean season. Shahana owns about 5600 taka of
productive assets such as goats and ducks. They own a cultivable land of 12 decimal
which worth more than one lac taka. Her father uses to work as a daily labour.
2. IDENTIFICATION OF VULNERABILITY SOURCES AND LEVEL
OF EXPOSURE TO/PREPAREDNESS FOR HAZARDS
Shahana and her father had no anticipation of the shocks except decreasing of
employment opportunity during monsoon. Only for the rainy season her household
had stored rice and money. Selling out of her Van was a sudden decision.
Ranks Status
DIETS
Shahana’s household usually affords three meals a
day. Number of meals reduces to two lean seasons
such as during monsoon. Sometimes her household
can afford enough rice with no curry. In the last
monsoon, they eat only rice with no curry or rice
with potato or salt in one to two days a week.
However, Shahana’s father buys Chickens once in
four to five months and fish in two to three days a
week. Most of the time carbohydrate such as
potatoes and vegetables are the main curry with
rice.
EMPLOYMENT
1. Shana’s father works as a daily labourer 2. Shahana rear goats
ASSETS (INCOME
GENERATING)
4 Ducks worth 600 taka
5 Goats worth 5000 taka
Cultivable land 12 decimal
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Sold out of IGA (Van)
Shahna explains the reasons of seeling out of her Van that there is no connecting road
to bring her Van to Shahana’s courtyard and home from the main road. She used to
keep her van at others home. For that reason, Children find it as a source of pleasure
to play with the Van. The often leak the tires, break the plastic pedals, lose screws and
bolt and other s parts of the van. Some of the parts also were theft.
Shahana used to save all the money she received from the renting her Van before it
sold out. After selling the Van, total price what she got was immediately taken by her
father away. She does not know what he did with that money.
Shahana’s father was ill and bedridden
Shahana does not know why her father’s fever and dysentery lasted for three months.
She also does not know how much money her spent for his treatment. Neither
Shahana nor her father was fed properly three meals often in this time. Shahn sates
that sometime two to three days we ate less quality of food such as only rice and
potato or rice with salt. Their household had stored 10 KGs of rice in the harvesting
season and consumed in rainy season. Her father also spent their saving for his
treatment in this time but he never let Shahana know how much he saved and spent.
Shahana’s chronic illness
Shahna’s chronic menstrual problem affect her mental, physical, financial and as well
as educational status. She stays at home and cannot go to Madrasa (religious School
of the Muslims). Last time she became very ill during Ramadan and stopped going to
Madrasa. The head teacher sent a student to take Shahana at her at School. Her pain
lasted for about three months. Her father took her to a doctor after a week of her pain
started. She also went to a quake to get relief of her pain. Her father spent 2500 taka
for her treatment during Ramadan when she became ill severely.
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3. PROGNOSIS FOR FUTURE RESILIENCE
Absence of anticipation and preparation
Shahana’s household has no preparation visible and anticipation for future resilience.
In the case of seasonal food scarcity her household usually take preparation during
harvesting time since rainy season appears following this season.
Shahana’s father has no anticipation of future shock such as his illness. He remains
same ‘indiscipline’ as Shahana says; he goes out of home at dawn and returns at night.
He is neither caring of his family nor of his health.
However, Shahana can anticipate her future shock that physical and mental torture by
her father might increase with time since she has grown up, as her father thinks, and
need to get married. She is also afraid that she might be compelled to get married
before she turned into eighteen.
Negligence in treatment and regular medication
Shahana says about her preparation to be prepared to protect herself from future
illness and chronic pain. She does not like medicine and so does she in maintaining
regular medication. This habit of disliking medication might be a source of future
health shock. Behavioral change seems necessary in managing health and hygiene
during menstruation. Her attitudinal vulnerability intense the likelihood of the future
health shock along with financial crisis.
Types of
hazards
Likelihood/Frequenc
y* Impact*
Strategy used to
avoid/moderate impact
Hazards
Shahana has
sold her IGA
(Van)
L M
Shahana’s father taken
the money and he does not share anybody what
he did with that money
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Shahana’s father was ill
and bedridden
for three
months
L H
Treatment
Spent saved cash and
stored rice
Chronic illness
of Shahana H M
Treatment
Irregular medication
Spent 2500 taka from
savings
*high, moderate, low
4. ANALYSIS
In case of the first case of shock, Shahana wanted to save her IGA (Van) from being
theft or damaged since there was no space to keep it secure. She used to save the
amount of renting the van and used that money in buying her education materials.
Sometimes she used to give a little amount to her father when he needed. Her father
had taken the total money which she received after selling the Van. Selling out of the
Van stopped Shana’s regular income opportunity by which she used to buy education
materials. She also lost the opportunity to reinvest the money in another IGA.This
situation moderately affected the household not in the food consumption but on
Child’s education.
In monsoon Shahana’s father was unemployed and as well as bedridden for his
illness. Shana’s household has nothing to do expect to depend on the savings and
stored food. Anticipation for hazard in rainy season has worked well in this case
though the amount of stored rice and saved money were not sufficient enough to run
three months. During that time since Shahna’s household experienced a igh level of
shocks in dietary consumption and in employment opportunities. The situation intense
since another IGA (Van) was already sold out.
Shahana’s chronic illness of menstrual problem has an negative impact on her dietary
practice and mental health as well. She is not fond of taking regular medication.
During her illness her father had to spend 2500 taka from his savings.
Most importantly, continuous physical and mental torture on Shahana by her father
has found as a new social dimension of shocks and individual’s wellbeing status. Her
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father’s income and good economic status of her household does not necessarily
shows that Shahana is equally in good position. Rather, in a household with upper
moderate poverty Shahana’s situation is still questionable and near to destitute since
her grown up is taking place in a distressed family environment.
Household resilience of Shahana’s family
Anticipated Cope Recover Duration
Shahana has sold her
IGA (Van)
(No anticipation)
Yes (negative coping
and reduced income)
No Continues
Shahana’s father was ill and bedridden for
three months
(No anticipation of being ill but
preparation and anticipation of food
scarcity during lean
season )
Yes Yes Three months
Chronic illness of
Shahana (Yes,
anticipated)
Yes No Continues
Vulnerability within the households
Social vulnerability
Shahan’s father brutality towards his daughter is increasing with time. Shahana says,
‘I don’t like what food my father brings from daily shoppers. Sometimes, I don’t like
what fishes and vegetables he buys for our meals. If I say anything to him or reply of
his any attitude, he comes to beat me. Even, beating me became part of his routine, If
my cooking does not taste good someday. Shahana continues with tears in her eyes,
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‘my father does not only beat me, he uses slang all the time when he speaks. His
attitude is never good at me’. The frequency of the torture is astonishing. She
explains, ‘he beats me at least 15 days a month regularly. I cannot live according to
my choice. I want to study, I don’t like working for family, to cook and wash clothes.
My father does not beat my brother but he does with me what is very interesting to
me’. Shahana also says about her father’s past, ‘he did not have any plan with his
Children when he was younger. He still does not have any. I cannot tolerate his
unplanned life’. After been beaten, Shahana does not take her meals and she says that
the she feels like she should consider suicide rather than this painful life.
Shahana suspects that her father has an intention to get married again. Before
marrying again with some lady, he probably wants me to get married. Shahana’s
mother thinks, her husband will get married again after completing daughter’s
marriage. Shahana says, I cannot read his mind what is inside, what his intention is’.
The community environment is also accelerating what her father’s intention to do.
She says, ‘villagers whispers about me and speaks ill that I have been grown up and I
should get married now’. Already, several proposals have come in this year. Brides,
who are willing, use to come to see her. Shahana explains her plan that she would get
married after 18, and this is how she likes her life to be.
Nowadays, Shahana probably remains depressed and worried all the time. She does
not like to speak to anyone at her home or around in the community. All the day she
remains occupied into her and in household activities. However, she enjoys her study
and uses to play with her class mate at Madrasa.
Economic vulnerability
Shahana’s father is an elderly person. He does not share anything about his family
related issue with his daughter. His illness might put the household in a vulnerable
situation. All the time she feels scarcity of her education materials due to her due to
their poverty situation. Additionally, her father’s attitude to her sometimes makes her
doubt that whether the problem is financial crisis or her father’s mentality. Shahana
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increased their financial vulnerability by selling her Van since it was a means of her
regular income.
Attitudinal vulnerability
Shahana does not like regular medication, her attitude of not taking medicine in
managing health and hygiene during menstruation might be a source of future
vulnerability.
SWOT analysis of Shahana’s family
Strength
Strong will Shahana to be educated
and self-dependent
Asset management and plan for
future
Hard working
Weaknesses
Lack of proper guidance at family
Father unsocial attitude to his family
Discriminating attitude between
Shahna and her younger brother
Chronic illness of Shahana
Dependent on single income earner
Opportunities
Threats
Shahana is in threat to be beaten
regularly
Early marriage
Asset to be taken away by Shahana’s
father
NGO Intervention effect on Shahnaz’s family
Apparently NGO intervention is not visible in Shahnaz’s resilience strategies in
the shocks she experienced last one year. She has grown her asset from two goats
to five which worth around 5000 taka. Her assets are growing and livestock like
goats are not generating income in cash regularly. Her money which she earned
from selling was kept to her father and she does not know what did he do with that
money. One thing is clear that the project’s staff members social activities and
personality has an impact on Shahana and she follows that project officer as her
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idol. Involving with project activities Shahana has grown her maturity. She says,
‘I was a kid earlier but now I have grown up and can easily differentiate between
‘good’ and ‘bad’. I don’t leave any issue in my family without saying my own
choice’.
Future dream
Shahana’s has been living in such a horrible family environment that she is afraid
of dreaming for her future. She thinks that her dream will never come into in light.
She wants to continue her studies at least till bachelor degree. She has a sacred
will to serve the country by being a social worker of a NGO, like the field officer
(female) of the Shiree project. She says, anyone will be encouraged if she/he has
sufficient support of education materials such as school dress, pen and notebook.
Shahana has another plan to rear ducks and hens which she likes most. Her plan is
to buy a calf by selling her goats and to increase her asset. Again she is afraid that
her father will arrange her marriage before she is 18 and his torture might increase
with time. She looks frustrated and depressed.
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NTERVENTION MAP FOR SHAHANA (16 YEARS OLD) LIFE HISTORY, INTERVENTION TRACKING AND RESILIENCE
STRATEGIES
5
5
6
4
Middle elite
5
Wealthy elite
Lower earning
non-poor
Destitute
2 Working
Extreme poor
Moderate poor
3
1
1994 2004 2006 2008 2009 2011 2012S2013 2014 2015
Shahana’s mother’s,
Jabeda, 1st marriage
and their married life
was going well with
2 income-earners and three daily meals
Fulmala’s first
husband died
Fulmala has no productive asset, no regular income
which make her household
moved down to destitute (1)
abeda’s 2 nd marriage:
Household with 3 income-
earners and 2 dependents
(receive Shahana’s step
brother’s remittances).
Shahna’s birth
Shahana’s step brothers stop
financial support to household and
Jabeda’s husband’s health
deteriorates. Jabeda, due to
domestic violence injuries and
disability could not generate an
income (broken shoulder) which reduced the household’s income
and affected their wellbeing.
Jabeda and Shahana left
her husband and now live a livelihood that relies on
donations, irregular low-
income earning activities
with no productive assets
Shahana has sold her IGA (Van)
Chronic illness of Shahana, physical
and mental assault to force her to get married physical and mental assault
Shahana’s father was ill and
bedridden for three
months
Involved with Shiree project and
received Van and
goats
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