QCON Solution

Introduction to CMMI

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Software Problems – The Reality

• Only 26% On Time!!! 74% Software work is Late or Cancelled

On Time26%21- 50% late

8%

Cancelled29%

> 200% late6%

51- 100% late9%

< 20% Late6%

101- 200% late16%

Source: Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Melon University

QCON Solution

Managing the Software Problems

• Formulating Quality Standards and Process Frameworks such as ISO 9000, CMM, CMMI and Six Sigma

• Developing Software Engineering techniques implemented as practices within the process framework

QCON Solution

Everyone realizes the importance of having a motivated, quality work force but...

• ...even our finest people can’t perform at their best when the process is not understood or operating “at its best.”

PEOPLE

PROCESSTECHNOLOGY

Quality Leverage Points

QCON Solution

Processes are ad hoc and improvised by practitioners and their managementProcess describes are not rigorously followed or enforced

Performance is highly dependent on current practitioners

Understanding of the current status of a project is limited

Immature processes result in fighting fires:• There is no time to improve – instead, practitioners are constantly reacting• Firefighters get burned• Embers might rekindle later

Ad Hoc Processes

QCON Solution

Process descriptions are consistent with the way work actually is done

They are defined, documented and continuously improved

Processes are supported visibly by management and others

They are well controlled – process fidelity is evaluated and enforced

There is constructive use of product and process enforced

There is constructive use of product and process measurement

Technology is introduced in a disciplined manner

Improved Processes

QCON Solution

Processes enable you to understand what is going on

People develop their potential more fully and are more effective within the organization

By defining, measuring, and controlling the process, improvements are more successful and sustained

The likelihood that appropriate technology, techniques and tools are introduced successfully increases

Benefits of Improving Processes

QCON Solution

“The quality of a product is largely determined by the quality of the process that is used to develop and maintain it.”

As per TQM principles by Shewhart, Juran, Deming and Humphrey.

Process Improvement

QCON Solution

• A model is a structured collection of practices that describe characteristics of effective processes.

• Practices included are those proven by experience to be effective.

What is a Process Model?

QCON Solution

How is a Model Used?A Process model is used• to help set process improvement objectives and priorities• to improve processes, and provide guidance for ensuring stable,

capable, and mature processes• as a guide for improvement of organizational processes

– a place to start – shares the benefit of a community’s prior experiences– a common language and a shared vision– simplified approximations of reality that provide insight

“

QCON Solution

CMMI for Process ImprovementUse CMMI in process improvement activities as a • collection of best practices• framework for organizing and prioritizing activities• support for the coordination of multi-disciplined activities that might be

required to successfully build a product• means to emphasize the alignment of the process improvement

objectives with organizational business objectives

CMMI incorporates lessons learned from use of the SW-CMM®, EIA-731 and other standards and models

QCON Solution

CMMI Result- Effort Estimation Accuracy

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CMMI-Quality Improvement

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CMMI Improvement-Adherence to schedule

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The CMMI FrameworkThe CMMI Framework is the structure that organizes the components used in generation models, training materials and appraisal methods

The CMMI Product Suite is the full collection of models, training materials and appraisal methods generated from the CMMI Framework

A constellation is the subset of the CMMI Product Suite relevant to improvement in a particular area of interest

Currently, there are several constellations:•Development•Acquisition•Services

QCON Solution

CMMI Model RepresentationsThere are two representations in CMMI models• Staged• Continuous

• The two representations will be presented in the later slides

QCON Solution

CMMI Models

QCON Solution

5 Optimizing

4 Quantitatively Managed

3 Defined

2 Managed

1 Performed

0 Incomplete

The Capability Levels

QCON Solution

The Maturity Levels

Process unpredictable, poorly controlled and reactive

Process characterized for projects and is often reactive

Process characterized for the organization and is proactive

Process measuredand controlled

Focus on processimprovement

Optimizing

QuantitativelyManaged

Defined

Performed

Managed

Optimizing

Defined

1

2

3

4

5

The Maturity Levels

QCON Solution

Organizational Innovation and DeploymentCausal Analysis and Resolution5 Optimizing

4 Quantitatively Managed

3 Defined

2 Managed

Continuous process improvement

Quantitativemanagement

Processstandardization

Basicprojectmanagement

Organizational Process PerformanceQuantitative Project Management

Requirements DevelopmentTechnical SolutionProduct IntegrationVerificationValidationOrganizational Process FocusOrganizational Process Definition + IPPDOrganizational Training Integrated Project Management+ IPPDRisk ManagementDecision Analysis and Resolution

Requirements Management Project PlanningProject Monitoring and ControlSupplier Agreement ManagementMeasurement and AnalysisProcess and Product Quality AssuranceConfiguration Management

1 Performed

Process AreasLevel Focus

Staged Representation – PAs by Maturity Level

QCON Solution

Requirements ManagementRequirements DevelopmentTechnical SolutionProduct IntegrationVerificationValidation

Engineering

ProjectManagement

Project PlanningProject Monitoring and ControlSupplier Agreement ManagementIntegrated Project Management + IPPDRisk ManagementQuantitative Project Management

Organizational Process FocusOrganizational Process Definition + IPPDOrganizational TrainingOrganizational Process PerformanceOrganizational Innovation and Deployment

ProcessManagement

Configuration ManagementProcess and Product Quality AssuranceMeasurement and AnalysisCausal Analysis and ResolutionDecision Analysis and Resolution

Support

Process Areas – Continuous Representation

Category Process Area

List of Process Areas by Category, Capability level

QCON Solution

What is Capability & MaturityCapability levels provide a scale for measuring organization processesagainst each process area in a CMMi Model

The Maturity level of an organization provides a way to predict the futureperformance of an organization within a given discipline or set ofdisciplines.

QCON Solution

Staged

ML 1

ML2ML3

ML4

ML5

. . .for an established set of process areas across anorganization

Continuous

. . .for a single process areaor a set of process areas

PA PA

Proc

ess

Are

a C

apab

ility

0

1 2

3

4

5

PA

Comparing Model Representations

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Generic Goals in Continuous Representation

Capability Level Generic Goal

CL0 No Goal

CL1 GG1: The project supports and enables achievement of the specific goals of the process area by transforming identifiable input work products to produce identifiable output work products

CL 2 GG 2: The process is institutionalised as a managed process

CL 3 GG 3: The process is institutionalised as a defined process

CL 4 GG 4: The process is institutionalised as a quantitatively managed process

CL 5 GG 5: The process is institutionalised as an optimising process

QCON Solution

Staged-Generic Goals

Maturity Level 2 Generic Goal• GG2 : The process is institutionalised as a managed process

Maturity Level 3-5 Generic Goals• GG3 : The process is institutionalised as a defined process GG3 subsumes GG 2 and a defined process is a managed process

that is tailored from the organization’s set of standard processes

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P r o c e s s A r e aREQM PP PMC etc

543210

C a

p a

b i

l i t

y

Example

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•managed vs. performed

The extent to which the process is planned; performance is managed against the plan; corrective actions are taken when needed

•defined vs. managed

The scope of application of the process descriptions, standards, and procedures shifts from projects to organization

• quantitatively managed vs. defined

The predictability of process performance

•optimizing vs. quantitatively managed

The process is continuously improved by addressing common causes of process variation

Critical Distinctions

QCON Solution

• A level provides a necessary foundation for effective implementation of processes at the next level.

– Higher level processes are easily sacrificed without the discipline provided by lower levels.

– The effect of innovation is obscured in a noisy process.

• Higher maturity level processes may be performed by organizations at lower maturity levels, with risk of not being consistently applied in a crisis.

Maturity Levels cannot be skipped

QCON Solution

How CMMI Helps?

CMMI provides guidance for improving an organization’s processes and ability to manage the development, acquisition and maintenance of products or services.

CMMI places proven approaches into a structure that helps an organization:

- appraise its organizational maturity or process area capability - establish priorities for improvement - implement these improvements

QCON Solution

CMMI and Business Objectives• Produce quality products or services:Quality products are a result of quality

processes• Create value for stake holders: Mature organizations are more likely to make

better cost and revenue estimates• Be an employer of choice: CMMI emphasizes on training and engineers are

more comfortable in an organization where there is a sense of cohesion and competence

• Enhance customer satisfaction: Meeting cost and schedule targets with high quality products that are validated against customer needs helps in achieving customer satisfaction

• Increase market share: Market share is a result of many factors, including quality products and services, name identification, pricing and image

• Implement cost savings and best practices: Processes that are documented, measured and continuously improved are perfect candidates for becoming best practices

• Gain an industry-wide recognition for excellence:Having processes that conform to CMMI requirements can enhance that reputation

QCON Solution

• Led by authorized Lead Appraiser• Can be Tailored to organization and model

scope• Source selection appraisals or process

monitoring are tailoring options of SCAMPI

Appraisal Method

Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI)

QCON Solution

Maturity Level

Process Area Process Area Process Area

Generic Goals Specific Goals

Generic Practices Specific Practices

Structure of CMMI Representation

QCON Solution

• Goals and Practices are the model elements used to realize the values on both the capability and process dimensions.– Goal

• A high level statement of the outcome to be achieved by effective implementation of a group of practices. (These are “required.”)

– Practice• A description of an action that is necessary to enact a key

element of a process area. (These are “expected”, and “alternate practices” are acceptable.)

Goals and Practices

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• Specific Goals and Specific Practices– realize the process dimension– therefore, they apply to a particular Process Area

• Generic Goals and Generic Practices– realize the capability dimension– therefore, they apply across all Process Areas

Goals and Practices

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Example-Requirements Management

SG 1: Manage Requirements SP1.1 : Obtain an understanding of the requirements SP1.2 : Obtain commitment to requirements

SP1.3 :Manage Requirement Changes SP1.4 : Maintain bi- directional trace ability of

Requirements SP1.5 : Identify inconsistencies between project work and requirements

QCON Solution

CMMI V 1.2 Changes from 1.1

QCON Solution

Model ChangesThe model was changed mainly due to the following:• Reduce complexity and size• Expand model coverage

To reduce model complexity and size, the following changes were made: • eliminated advanced practices and common features• eliminated the Supplier Sourcing (SS) addition• incorporated Integrated Supplier Management (ISM) into Supplier Agreement

Management (SAM)• consolidated and simplified the IPPD material• added, modified, and consolidated definitions in the glossary (e.g., bidirectional

traceability, sub process)• adopted a single book approach (i.e., both representations are published in one

document)

To expand model coverage, the following changes were made:• added hardware amplifications • added two work environment specific practices ─one in Organizational Process

Definition (OPD) and one in Integrated Project Management (IPM)• updated notes and examples to address service development and acquisition• updated the model name to CMMI for Development (CMMI-DEV) to reflect the new

CMMI architecture

QCON Solution

No More Supplier Sourcing Addition

• Supplier Sourcing was eliminated as an addition.• ISM has been eliminated.• SAM has been enhanced to contain the unique material from ISM.• Two specific practices were added to Goal 2 in SAM:

– SP 2.2 -Monitor Selected Supplier Processes– SP 2.3 -Evaluate Selected Supplier Work Products

QCON Solution

Changes in Process Areas in CMMI 1.2 The following process areas were improved significantly:

• Integrated Project Management +IPPD (IPM+IPPD)• Organizational Process Definition +IPPD (OPD+IPPD)• Organizational Process Focus (OPF)• Requirements Management (REQM)• Requirements Development (RD)• Supplier Agreement Management (SAM)• Technical Solution (TS)• Validation (VAL)• Verification (VER)

QCON Solution

SummaryMany changes were made to the CMMI models to improve quality. The major changes include• Name changed to “CMMI for Development”• Both representations in one document• Amplifications improved; added hardware amplifications• Common features and advanced practices eliminated• SS addition eliminated; ISM brought into SAM• Guidelines for “not applicable” process areas clarified• Overview and glossary improved• Work environment material added to OPD and IPM• IPPD material simplified and consolidated• Process deployment strengthened in IPM and OPF

QCON Solution

Usage of Telelogic Tools for continuous Improvement

QCON Solution

Telelogic Tools

Telelogic ToolsFor Product development

• Requirements Management

• Enterprise Change Management

• Software Configuration Management

• Enterprise Architecture

• Product Management and Portfolio Management

• System Design and Software Design

QCON Solution

Telelogic tools and Process AreasTelelogic Focal Point

Portfolio and Product Management• Capture ideas and product requirements from internal stakeholders, customers, competitive analysis • Understand customer value when making decisions about products

L3 Requirements DevelopmentL3 Decision Analysis and Resolution

L2 Requirements ManagementCMMI

QCON Solution

Telelogic tools and Process AreasTelelogic DOORS

Requirements definition and management• Centralize requirements capture, refinement, Priority• Track and Trace requirements throughout development• Requirement Coverage

L2 Requirements ManagementCMMI

QCON Solution

Telelogic tools and Process AreasTelelogic Change

Enterprise Change Management• Change lifecycle management or lifecycle change management• Compliance support (Sarbanes Oxley, CMMI, ISO....)• Change request management, issue management, item and defect tracking• Customer information and action items

L2 Requirements Management

CMMI

QCON Solution

Telelogic tools and Process AreasTelelogic Synergy

Software Configuration Management• Ensures the consistency of user deliveries and workspaces through workflow driven by logical changes (such as fixes and enhancements)• Accelerates development through the identification and resolution of integration problems• Provides Project Management with total control and flexibility of release

L2 Configuration ManagementCMMI

QCON Solution

Telelogic tools and Process AreasTelelogic Tau

Model-Driven Development Standard• Automated error-checking, and model verification minimize errors from initial requirements to final documentation and code. • supports the latest industry standards for visual systems and software development, including UML 2.1, SysML, MDA®, DoDAF, SOA, and the UML Testing Profile.

L3 Technical SolutionL3 Verification

CMMI

QCON Solution

Telelogic tools and Process AreasTelelogic Rhapsody

Model-Driven Development for Embedded, Real-time Applications• Software Development with complete design portability • Integrated Requirements modeling, traceability and analysis • supporting SysML, UML 2.0, DoDAF, and Domain Specific Languages • C, C++, Java, Ada language support

L3 Technical SolutionL3 Product Integration

CMMI

QCON Solution

Thank You