cme final ppt (1)
TRANSCRIPT
PART 1
1. INTRODUCTION2. CAUSES3. COSMIC THREATS4. PROPERTIES OF EJECTION5. ITS EFFECT6. AURORA
PART II
1. HISTORY OF CME’s2. RECENT EVENT3. PLAYING DEFENSIVE
CONTENT
WHAT IS CORONAL MASS EJECTION
Coronal mass ejections release huge quantities of matter and electromagnetic radiation into space above the sun's surface.
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES
Recent scientific research[3][4] has shown that the phenomenon of magnetic reconnection is responsible for CME and solar flares.
MAGNETIC RECONNECTION
It is a sudden release of energy stored in the original oppositely directed magnetic field
PROPERTIES OF MASS EJECTION
A typical coronal mass ejection may have any or all of three distinctive features:
1. May contain small quantities of heavier ELEMENTS such as helium, oxygen and even iron.
2. Coronal mass ejections reach velocities between 20Okm/s to 3200km/s with an average speed of 489km/s, based on NASA .
3. The average mass is 1.6×1012kg. measurements between 1996 and 2003.
EFFECTS
1. CORONAL MASS EJECTION IS REALLY DANGEROUS WHEN IT'S REACHES
STAGE 2
2. CRACKS IN MAGNETIC FIELD HAVE BEEN FOUND DUE TO CERTAIN
CLASHES OF CMEs AND MAGNETIC FIELD
3. ON THIS NOTE IT WAS ALSO FOUND THAT JUPITER HAVE BEEN
SAFEGUARDING THE EARTH
ANOTHER BEAUTIFUL EFFECT OF CMEs
Solar Energetic Particles causing particularly strong aurorae in large regions around Earth's magnetic poles.
THIS HAPPENS WHEN CMEs CLASHES WITH MAGNETIC FIELD
AURORA
HISTORY
1. The first detection of a CME as such was made on 14 December 1971, by R. Tousey (1973) of the Naval Research Laboratory using the seventh Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO-7)
2. The largest recorded geomagnetic storm, resulting presumably from a CME and
is now referred to as the Carrington Event, or the solar storm of 1859.
3. The geomagnetic storm was observed with the recording magnetograph at Kew Gardens. The same instrument recorded a crochet IN (US), an instantaneous solar storm on the Earth
4. The storm took down parts of the recently created US telegraph network, starting fires and shocking some telegraph operators
Recent events
1. On 1 August 2010, during solar cycle, scientists at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CFA) observed a series of four large CMEs emanating from the Earth-facing hemisphere of the Sun.
2. The initial CME was generated by an eruption on 1 August that was associated with sunspot 1092, which was large enough to be seen without the aid of a solar telescope. The event produced significant aurorae on Earth three days later.
3. On 31 August 2012 a CME connected with Earth's magnetic environment, or magnetosphere, with a glancing blow causing aurora to appear on the night of 3 September. Geomagnetic stormingreached the level 2.
WHAT CAN BE DONE?1. Turn off satellites so there's less of an electrical
problem? Monitor power grids more closely when the CME hits, to reduce the chance of a massive failure
2. We can turn off high voltages on our satellite, so it won't zap itself under the severe conditions when the plasma cloud hits it, then turn it back on when the danger passes. Several satellites do this during major meteor showers, for example. Better to lose a little data than lose a satellite.
REFERENCE• · Bell, Trudy E; Phillips, Tony (6 May 2008). "A Super
Solar Flare". Science@NASA. NASA.gov.
• · Phillips, Tony (27 May 2008). "Cartwheel Coronal Mass Ejection". Science@NASA. NASA.gov.
• · Odenwald, Sten F; Green, James L (28 July 2008). "Bracing the Satellite Infrastructure for a Solar
• Superstorm". Scientific American.
• · Lavraud, Benoit; Masson, Arnaud (21 November 2007). "Cluster captures the impact of CMEs". ESA Science & Technology. ESA.int.
• · Morring Jr., Frank (14 January 2013). "Major Solar Event Could Devastate Power Grid". Aviation Week & Space Technology.