EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY

PROTOCOLONTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEEASTAFRICANCOMMUNITYCOMMONMARKET

PROTOCOLONTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEEASTAFRICANCOMMUNITYCOMMONMARKET

ARRANGEMENTOFARTICLES

PREAMBLE ARTICLE TITLE

PART A: INTERPRETATION ARTICLE 1: Interpretation

PART B: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY COMMON MARKET

ARTICLE 2: Establishment of the East African Community Common Market

ARTICLE 3: Principles of the Common Market ARTICLE 4: Objectives of the Common Market ARTICLE 5: Scope of Co-operation in the Common Market

PART C: FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS ARTICLE 6: Free Movement of Goods

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PART D: FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND LABOUR

ARTICLE 7: Free Movement of Persons ARTICLE 8: Standard Identification System ARTICLE 9: Travel Documents ARTICLE 10: Free Movement of Workers ARTICLE 11: Harmonisation and Mutual Recognition of

Academic and Professional Qualifications

ARTICLE 12: Harmonisation of Labour Policies, Laws and Programmes

PART E: RIGHTS OF ESTABLISHMENT AND RESIDENCE

ARTICLE 13: Right of Establishment ARTICLE 14: Right of Residence ARTICLE 15: Access to and Use of Land and Premises

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PART F: FREE MOVEMENT OF SERVICES ARTICLE 16: Free Movement of Services ARTICLE 17: National Treatment ARTICLE 18: Most Favoured Nation Treatment ARTICLE 19: Notification ARTICLE 20: Domestic Regulation ARTICLE 21: General Exceptions to Trade in Services ARTICLE 22: Security Exceptions on Trade in Services ARTICLE 23: Implementation of the Free Movement of

Services

PART G: FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL ARTICLE 24: Elimination of Restrictions on the Free

Movement of Capital ARTICLE 25: General Exceptions ARTICLE 26: Safeguard Measures ARTICLE 27: Conditions for Application of the Safeguard

Measures ARTICLE 28: Capital and Related Payments and Transfers

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PART H: OTHER AREAS OF CO-OPERATION IN THE COMMON MARKET

ARTICLE 29: Protection of Cross-Border Investments ARTICLE 30: Economic and Monetary Policy Co-ordination ARTICLE 31: Financial Sector Policy Co-ordination ARTICLE 32: Harmonisation of Tax Policies and Laws ARTICLE 33: Prohibited Business Practices ARTICLE 34: Prohibited Subsidies ARTICLE 35: Public Procurement ARTICLE 36: Consumer Protection ARTICLE 37: Co-ordination of Trade Relations ARTICLE 38: Co-ordination of Transport Policies ARTICLE 39: Harmonisation of Social Policies ARTICLE 40 : Environmental Management ARTICLE 41: Cooperation in Statistics ARTICLE 42: Research and Technological Development ARTICLE 43: Co-operation in Intellectual Property Rights ARTICLE 44: Co-operation in Industrial Development ARTICLE 45: Co-operation in Agriculture and Food Security

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PART I: GENERAL PROVISIONS ARTICLE 46: Institutional Framework ARTICLE 47: Approximation and Harmonisation of Policies,

Laws and Systems

ARTICLE 48: Safeguard Measures ARTICLE 49: Measures to Address Imbalances ARTICLE 50: Monitoring and Evaluation of Implementation of

the Common Market

ARTICLE 51: Regulations, Directives and Decisions ARTICLE 52: Annexes ARTICLE 53: Amendment of the Protocol ARTICLE 54: Settlement of Disputes ARTICLE 55: Entry into Force ARTICLE 56: Depository and Registration

PROTOCOLONTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEEASTAFRICANCOMMUNITYCOMMONMARKET

PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF ARTICLES 76 AND 104 OF THETREATYFORTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEEASTAFRICANCOMMUNITY,THE PROVISIONS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EAST AFRICANCOMMUNITYCOMMONMARKETAREHEREBYSETFORTH:

PREAMBLE

WHEREASTheUnitedRepublicofTanzania,theRepublicofBurundi,theRepublicofKenya, theRepublicofRwandaand theRepublicofUganda(hereinafterreferredtoasthePartnerStates),arePartiestotheTreatyfortheEstablishmentoftheEastAfricanCommunity(hereinafterreferredtoastheTreaty);AND WHEREAS by the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 151 of theTreaty, thePartnerStatesundertook toconclude suchProtocolsasmaybe necessary in each area of cooperation, which shall spell out theobjectives and scope of, and institutionalmechanisms for cooperationandintegration;ANDWHEREAS:(a) undertheprovisionsofparagraph2ofArticle2andparagraph2of

Article5oftheTreaty,thePartnerStatesundertookto,interalia,establish among themselves a CommonMarket, as a transitionalstageto,andanintegralpartoftheCommunity;

(b) undertheprovisionsofparagraph2ofArticle76oftheTreaty,the

Partner States have determined that the establishment of aCommonMarketshallbeprogressive;

(c) undertheprovisionsofparagraph4ofArticle76oftheTreaty,thePartner States agreed to conclude the Protocol on theestablishmentofaCommonMarket;

RECALLING thedecisionof the11thMeetingof theCouncil to concludeoneprotocolcoveringtheprovisionsofArticles76and104oftheTreaty;

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NOTING that thePartnerStatesconcluded theProtocolEstablishing theEastAfricanCommunityCustomsUnion;CONSIDERINGthattheobjectiveofestablishingaCommonMarketistherealisationofacceleratedeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentthroughtheattainmentofthefreemovementofgoods,persons,labour,therightsofestablishmentandresidence,thefreemovementofservicesandcapital;NOTING the importanceof thedevelopmentof thesocialdimensions inthe Community and the desire to ensure economic and socialdevelopmentinpromotingemploymentandimprovingstandardsoflivingandworkingconditionswithintheCommunity;CONSCIOUS of their individual obligations and commitments under theTreatyandunderotherregionalandinternationalagreements;RECALLING the objectives of the Community to develop policies andprogrammes aimed atwidening and deepening cooperation among thePartnerStatesintheeconomicandsocialfields;AGREEASFOLLOWS:

PART A

INTERPRETATION

ARTICLE 1 Interpretation

InthisProtocol,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:

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childmeans a son or daughter of aworker or self employed personundertheageofeighteenyears,whoisacitizen;citizenmeansanationalofaPartnerState recognizedunder the lawsgoverningcitizenshipinthePartnerState;commonmarketmeansthecommonmarketasdefinedunderArticle1oftheTreaty;common standard travel document means a passport or any othervalidtraveldocumentestablishingtheidentityoftheholder,issuedbyoronbehalfofthePartnerStateofwhichheorsheisacitizenandshallalsoincludeinterstatepasses;CommunitymeanstheEastAfricanCommunityestablishedbyArticle2oftheTreaty;companymeansabusinessentityincorporatedasacompanyunderthelawsofaPartnerState;cooperation includes the undertaking by the Partner States incommon, jointlyor inconcert,ofactivitiesundertaken in furtheranceofthe objectives of the Community, as provided for under the Treaty orunderanycontractoragreementmade thereunderor in relation to theobjectivesoftheCommunity;Councilmeans theCouncilofMinistersof theCommunityestablishedbyArticle9oftheTreaty;Customs Union means the East African Community Customs UnionestablishedbyArticle2oftheProtocolontheEstablishmentoftheEastAfricanCommunityCustomsUnion;dependantmeansa sonordaughterof aworkerora selfemployedperson who has attained the age of eighteen years, the mother, thefather,asisterorabrotherofaworkeroraselfemployedpersonwhoiswholly dependent on the worker or self employed person, who is acitizen;economicactivitymeansanylegitimateincomegeneratingactivity;

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environmentmeansthenaturalresourcesofair,water,soil,faunaandflora, ecosystems, land, the manmade physical features, culturalheritage, the characteristic aspects of the landscape and the socioeconomic interaction between the said factors and any living and nonlivingorganisms;firm means a business entity other than a company, registered inaccordancewiththelawsgoverningregistrationofsuchbusinessentityinaPartnerState;labourincludesaworkerandaselfemployedperson;nationalofaPartner Statemeansanaturalor legalpersonwho is anationalinaccordancewiththelawsofthePartnerState;PartnerStatesmeans theRepublicofBurundi, theRepublicofKenya,theRepublicofRwanda,TheUnitedRepublicofTanzania,theRepublicofUganda,andanyother country grantedmembership to theCommunityunderArticle3oftheTreaty;piracymeansinfringementofintellectualpropertyrights;publicsecuritymeans the functionofgovernmentswhichensures theprotectionof citizensandothernationals,organizationsand institutionsagainst threats to their wellbeing and to the prosperity of theircommunities;publicservicemeansgovernmentministries,governmentdepartmentsand government agencies providing services to the public in a PartnerState;selfemployedpersonmeansapersonengagedinaneconomicactivitynotunder any contractofemploymentor supervision andwhoearns alivingthroughthisactivity;spouse means a husband or a wife of a worker or a self employedperson, ina legally recognisedmarriage inaccordancewith thenationallawsofaPartnerState,whoisacitizen;

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thirdpartiesmeansforeigncountriesorpersons;Treaty means the Treaty for the Establishment of the East AfricanCommunityandanyannexesandprotocolsthereto;vulnerablegroup includesgroupsofpersonswhoaremarginalisedongroundsofstigmatisedillness,gender,ethnicity,disabilityorage;worker means a person who performs services for and under thedirectionofanotherpersoninreturnforremuneration.

PART B ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EAST AFRICAN

COMMUNITY COMMON MARKET

ARTICLE 2 Establishment of the East African Community Common

Market 1. InordertopromotetheobjectivesoftheCommunityprovidedfor

underArticle5oftheTreatyandinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof this Protocol, the Partner States hereby establish a commonmarketasanintegralpartoftheCommunity.

2. TheCommonMarketestablishedunderparagraph1,shallbecalled

theEastAfricanCommunityCommonMarket(hereinafterreferredtoastheCommonMarket).

3. The Common Market shall be managed in accordance with the

relevantlawsoftheCommunity.4. In accordance with the provisions of Articles 76 and 104 of the

Treaty,thisProtocolprovidesforthefollowing:

(a) thefreemovementofgoods;(b) thefreemovementofpersons;(c) thefreemovementoflabour;

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(d) therightofestablishment;(e) therightofresidence;(f) thefreemovementofservices;and(g) thefreemovementofcapital.

5. The establishment of the CommonMarket shall, notwithstandingparagraph1,beprogressive.

ARTICLE 3

Principles of the Common Market

1. The Common Market shall be guided by the fundamental andoperationalprinciplesof theCommunityasenshrined inArticles6and7oftheTreaty.

2. Withoutprejudicetoparagraph1,thePartnerStatesundertaketo:

(a) observe the principle of nondiscrimination of nationals ofotherPartnerStatesongroundsofnationality;

(b) accord treatment to nationals of other Partner States, not

lessfavourablethanthetreatmentaccordedtothirdparties;

(c) ensure transparency in matters concerning the otherPartnerStates;and

(d) shareinformationfortheimplementationofthisProtocol.

ARTICLE 4

Objectives of the Common Market 1. The overall objective of the Common Market is to widen and

deepencooperationamongthePartnerStatesintheeconomicandsocialfieldsforthebenefitofthePartnerStates.

2. ThespecificobjectivesoftheCommonMarketareto:

(a) accelerateeconomicgrowthanddevelopmentofthePartner

States through the attainment of the free movement of

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goods, persons and labour, the rights of establishment andresidenceandthefreemovementofservicesandcapital;

(b) strengthen,coordinateandregulatetheeconomicandtrade

relations among the Partner States in order to promoteaccelerated, harmonious and balanced development withintheCommunity;

(c) sustain theexpansionand integrationofeconomicactivities

withintheCommunity,thebenefitofwhichshallbeequitablydistributedamongthePartnerStates;

(d) promotecommonunderstandingandcooperationamongthe

nationalsofthePartnerStatesfortheireconomicandsocialdevelopment; and

(e) enhance research and technological advancement toaccelerateeconomicandsocialdevelopment.

3. In order to realise and attain the objectives provided for in this

Article, the Partner States shall cooperate in, integrate andharmonisetheirpoliciesinareasprovidedforinthisProtocolandinsuchotherareasastheCouncilmaydetermine inordertoachievetheobjectivesoftheCommonMarket.

ARTICLE 5

Scope of Co-operation in the Common Market

1. TheprovisionsofthisProtocolshallapplytoanyactivityundertakenincooperationbythePartnerStatestoachievethefreemovementof goods, persons, labour, services and capital and to ensure theenjoyment of the rights of establishment and residence of theirnationalswithintheCommunity.

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1 and pursuant to paragraph 4 ofArticle2ofthisProtocol,thePartnerStatesagreeto:

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(a) eliminate tariff, nontariff and technical barriers to trade;harmoniseandmutuallyrecognizestandardsandimplementacommontradepolicyfortheCommunity;

(b) ease crossborder movement of persons and eventuallyadoptanintegratedbordermanagementsystem;

(c) remove restrictions on movement of labour, harmoniselabourpolicies,programs, legislation,socialservices,provideforsocial securitybenefitsandestablishcommonstandardsand measures for association of workers and employers,establish employment promotion centres and eventuallyadoptacommonemploymentpolicy;

(d) remove restrictions on the right of establishment andresidence of nationals of other Partner States in theirterritoryinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisProtocol;

(e) remove measures that restrict movement of services andservice suppliers, harmonise standards to ensureacceptabilityofservicestraded;and

(f) eliminate restrictions on free movement of capital; ensureconvertibility of currencies; promote investments in capitalmarkets(stockexchange)eventuallyleadingtoanintegratedfinancialsystem.

3. ForthepurposesoffacilitatingtheimplementationoftheCommon

Market,thePartnerStatesfurtheragreeto:

(a) cooperatetoharmoniseandtomutuallyrecogniseacademicandprofessionalqualifications;

(b) cooperatetoensureprotectionofcrossborderinvestments;

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(c) coordinate and harmonise their economic, monetary andfinancialpolicies;

(d) cooperatetoensurefaircompetitionandpromoteconsumer

welfare;

(e) coordinate their trade relations to govern internationaltradeandtraderelationsbetweentheCommunityandthirdparties;

(f) coordinate and harmonise their transport policies and

developtheirtransportinfrastructuremodes;

(g) coordinateandharmonisetheirsocialpolicies;

(h) integrateenvironmentalandnatural resourcesmanagementprinciplesintheactivitiesrelatingtotheCommonMarket;

(i) ensure the availability of relevant, timely and reliable

statisticaldataforpurposesoftheCommonMarket;

(j) promoteresearchandtechnologicaldevelopmentwithintheCommunity;

(k) cooperate in the promotion and protection of intellectual

propertyrights;

(l) promote industrial development for the attainment ofsustainablegrowthanddevelopmentintheCommunity;and

(m) sustainablydevelopandpromoteagricultureandensurefood

securityintheCommunity.

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PART C FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS

ARTICLE 6

Free Movement of Goods 1. The freemovementofgoodsbetween thePartnerStates shallbe

governed by the Customs Law of the Community as specified inArticle39oftheProtocolontheEstablishmentoftheEastAfricanCommunityCustomsUnion.

2. InadditiontotheCustomsLawoftheCommunity,thefreemovement

ofgoodsshallbegovernedby:

(a) the East African Community Protocol on Standardisation,QualityAssurance,MetrologyandTesting;

(b) the East African Community Standardisation, Quality

Assurance,MetrologyandTestingAct,2006;

(c) theprovisionsofthisProtocol;

(d) protocolsthatmaybeconcluded intheareasofcooperationon sanitary and phytosanitary and technical barriers totrade;and

(e) any other instruments relevant to the free movement of

goods.

PART D

FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND LABOUR

ARTICLE 7 Free Movement of Persons

1. The Partner States hereby guarantee the freemovement of persons

whoarecitizensoftheotherPartnerStates,withintheirterritories.

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2. In accordancewith paragraph 1, each Partner State shall ensure

nondiscriminationofthecitizensoftheotherPartnerStatesbasedontheirnationalitiesbyensuring:(a) the entry of citizens of the other Partner States into the

territoryofthePartnerStatewithoutavisa;(b) free movement of persons who are citizens of the other

PartnerStateswithintheterritoryofthePartnerState;

(c) that the citizensof theotherPartner States are allowed tostayintheterritoryofthePartnerState;and

(d) that the citizensof theotherPartner States are allowed to

exittheterritoryofthePartnerStatewithoutrestrictions.

3. The Partner States shall, in accordance with their national laws,guaranteetheprotectionofthecitizensoftheotherPartnerStateswhileintheirterritories.

4. The freemovementofpersonsshallnotexempt fromprosecution

orextradition,anationalofaPartnerStatewhocommitsacrimeinanotherPartnerState.

5. The free movement of persons shall be subject to limitations

imposed by the host Partner State on grounds of public policy,public security or public health.

6. APartnerStateimposingalimitationunderparagraph5,shallnotifytheotherPartnerStatesaccordingly.

7. ThePartner States shalleffect reciprocalopeningofborderpostsandkeepthepostsopenedandmannedfortwentyfourhours.

8. ThemovementofrefugeeswithintheCommunityshallbegoverned

bytherelevantinternationalconventions.

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9. The implementationof thisArticleshallbe inaccordancewith theEast African Community Common Market (Free Movement ofPersons)Regulations,specifiedinAnnexItothisProtocol.

ARTICLE 8

Standard Identification System

The Partner States shall establish a common standard system ofissuing national identification documents to their nationalswhichshallbe thebasis for identifying thecitizensof thePartnerStateswithintheCommunity.

ARTICLE 9

Travel Documents

1. AcitizenofaPartnerStatewhowishestotraveltoanotherPartnerStateshalluseavalidcommonstandardtraveldocument.

2. The Partner Stateswhich have agreed to usemachine readable

andelectronicnational identitycardsas traveldocumentsmaydoso.

3. The Partner Stateswhich have agreed to usemachine readableandelectronicnational identitycardsshallworkoutmodalities fortheimplementationofparagraph2.

ARTICLE 10 Free Movement of Workers

1. The Partner States hereby guarantee the free movement of

workers,whoarecitizensof theotherPartnerStates,within theirterritories.

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2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the Partner States shall ensurenon discrimination of the workers of the other Partner States,based on their nationalities, in relation to employment,remunerationandotherconditionsofworkandemployment.

3. ForthepurposeofthisArticle,thefreemovementofworkersshall

entitleaworkerto:

(a) apply for employment and accept offers of employmentactuallymade;

(b) movefreelywithintheterritoriesofthePartnerStatesforthe

purposeofemployment;

(c) conclude contracts and take up employment in accordancewiththecontracts,national lawsandadministrativeactions,withoutanydiscrimination;

(d) stay in the territory of a Partner State for the purpose of

employment in accordance with the national laws andadministrative procedures governing the employment ofworkersofthatPartnerState;

(e) enjoythefreedomofassociationandcollectivebargainingfor

better working conditions in accordance with the nationallawsofthehostPartnerState;and

(f) enjoytherightsandbenefitsofsocialsecurityasaccordedto

theworkersofthehostPartnerState.

4. For the purposes of the implementation of subparagraph (f) ofparagraph3,theCouncilshallissuedirectivesandmakeregulationsonsocialsecuritybenefits.

5. Aworkershallhavetherighttobeaccompaniedbyaspouseanda

child,and:

(a) aspousewhoaccompaniestheworkershallbeentitledtobeemployedasaworkerortoengage inanyeconomicactivity

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as a self employed person in the territory of that PartnerState;

(b) achildwhoaccompanies theworker shallbeentitled tobe

employedasaworkerortoengage inanyeconomicactivityas a self employed person in the territory of that PartnerStatesubjecttotheagelimitsunderthenationallawsofthatPartnerState.

6. ThePartnerStatesshallfacilitatetheadmissionofadependantofa

workerinaccordancewiththenationallawsofthePartnerStates.7. The office responsible for employment in a Partner State shall

facilitateacitizenofanotherPartnerStatewhoseeksemploymentintheterritoryofthatPartnerStatetoreceivethesameassistanceaswouldbeaccordedtoacitizenofthatPartnerStatewhoseeksemployment.

8. The Partner States shall, within the framework of a joint

programme, encourage the exchange of young workers amongstthePartnerStates.

9. ThenationallawsandadministrativeproceduresofaPartnerState

shallnotapplywheretheprincipalaimoreffect istodenycitizensofotherPartnerStatestheemploymentthathasbeenoffered.

10. TheprovisionsofthisArticleshallnotapplytoemployment inthe

public service unless the national laws and regulations of a hostPartnerStatesopermit.

11. The free movement of workers shall be subject to limitations

imposed by the host Partner State on grounds of public policy,publicsecurityorpublichealth.

12. A Partner State imposing a limitation under paragraph 11, shall

notifytheotherPartnerStatesaccordingly.

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13. The implementationof thisArticleshallbe inaccordancewith theEast African Community Common Market (Free Movement ofWorkers)Regulations,specifiedinAnnexIItothisProtocol.

ARTICLE 11 Harmonisation and Mutual Recognition of Academic

and Professional Qualifications 1. For the purpose of ensuring the free movement of labour, the

PartnerStatesundertaketo:

(a) mutually recognise the academic and professionalqualifications granted, experience obtained, requirementsmet, licences or certifications granted, in other PartnerStates;and

(b) harmonise their curricula, examinations, standards,

certification and accreditation of educational and traininginstitutions.

2. The implementation of this Article shall be in accordance with

AnnexestobeconcludedbythePartnerStates.

ARTICLE 12 Harmonisation of Labour Policies, Laws and

Programmes

1. The Partner States undertake to harmonise their labour policies,national lawsandprogrammes to facilitate the freemovementoflabourwithintheCommunity.

2. The Partner States undertake to review and harmonise their

national social security policies, laws and systems to provide forsocialsecurity forselfemployedpersonswhoarecitizensofotherPartnerStates.

3. The implementation of this Article shall be in accordance with

directivesandregulationsissuedbytheCouncil.

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PART E RIGHTS OF ESTABLISHMENT AND RESIDENCE

ARTICLE 13

Right of Establishment 1. ThePartnerStatesherebyguarantee the rightofestablishmentof

nationalsoftheotherPartnerStateswithintheirterritories.2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the Partner States shall ensure

non discrimination of the nationals of the other Partner States,basedontheirnationalities.

3. For the purposesofparagraph 1, the rightof establishment shall

entitle:

(a) anationalofaPartnerStateto:(i) take up and pursue economic activities as a self

employedperson;and(ii) setupandmanageeconomicundertakings,

intheterritoryofanotherPartnerState;

(b) a selfemployed person who is in the territory of anotherPartnerStatetojoinasocialsecurityschemeofthatPartnerState in accordance with the national laws of that PartnerState.

4. Therightsapplicabletoaspouse,childanddependantofaworker

underArticle10ofthisProtocolshallapplytothespouse,childanddependantofaselfemployedperson.

5. ThePartnerStates shallensurethatallrestrictionsontherightof

establishmentbasedonthenationalityofcompanies,firmsandselfemployedpersonsofthePartnerStatesareremoved,andshallnotintroduceanynewrestrictionsontherightofestablishmentintheirterritories,saveasotherwiseprovidedinthisProtocol.

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6. Companies and firms established in accordancewith the nationallawsof a Partner State andhaving their registeredoffice, centraladministrationorprincipalplaceofbusinessandwhichundertakesubstantial economic activities in the Partner State shall, forpurposes of establishment, be accorded non discriminatorytreatmentinotherPartnerStates.

7. For the purposes of undertaking any economic activity in

accordancewith the provisions of this Article, the Partner Statesshall mutually recognize the relevant experience obtained,requirementsmet, licensesand certificatesgranted toa companyorfirmintheotherPartnerStates.

8. Therightofestablishmentshallbesubjecttolimitationsimposedby

thehostPartnerStateongroundsofpublicpolicy,publicsecurityorpublichealth.

9. APartnerStateimposingalimitationunderparagraph8,shallnotify

theotherPartnerStatesaccordingly.10. TheprovisionsofthisProtocolshallnotprejudicetheapplicationof

national laws and administrative procedures and practicesproviding for special treatment for third parties accorded byindividualPartnerStatesongroundsofpublicpolicy,publicsecurityorpublichealth.

11. ForthepurposesofthisArticle,thePartnerStatesshall:

(a) remove the administrative procedures and practices,resulting fromnational lawsor from agreementspreviouslyconcludedbetweenthePartnerStates,thatformanobstacletotherightofestablishment;

(b) progressively remove any administrative procedures and

practices resulting fromnational laws that restrict the rightofestablishment,inrespectoftheconditionsfor:

(i) setting up agencies, branches or subsidiaries of

companiesorfirmsintheirterritories;and

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(ii) the entry of personnel of the companies or firmsregistered inanotherPartnerState intomanagerialorsupervisory positions in agencies, branches orsubsidiariesinthatPartnerState;

(c) ensure that workers who are citizens of a Partner State

employed in the territory of another Partner State areallowedtoremain inthatterritory forthepurposeoftakingupeconomicactivitiesasselfemployedpersons,wheretheysatisfytheconditionswhichtheywouldberequiredtosatisfyif they were entering that Partner State at the time whentheyintendedtotakeupsucheconomicactivities;

(d) coordinatesafeguardmeasures,which in the interestof the

Community,arerequiredfortheprotectionofthecompaniesand firmstoensurethatthesafeguardmeasuresaresimilarthroughouttheCommunity;and

(e) satisfy themselves that the conditions of the right of

establishmentarenotdistortedbyprohibitedsubsidiesoraidgrantedbyaPartnerState tocompaniesor firmsownedbythenationalsofthePartnerState.

12. The implementationof thisArticleshallbe inaccordancewith the

EastAfricanCommunityCommonMarket (RightofEstablishment)Regulations,specifiedinAnnexIIItothisProtocol.

ARTICLE 14 Right of Residence

1. ThePartnerStatesherebyguarantee the rightof residence to the

citizensoftheotherPartnerStateswhohavebeenadmittedintheirterritoriesinaccordancewithArticles10and13ofthisProtocol.

2. Therightofresidenceguaranteedunderparagraph1,shallapplyto

the spouse, child and a dependant of aworker or selfemployed

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person entitled to rights provided in Articles 10 and 13 of thisProtocol.

3. ThePartnerStatesshallissueresidencepermitstocitizensofother

PartnerStateswhoqualifyinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisArticle.

4. Therightofresidenceshallbesubjecttolimitationsimposedbythe

host Partner State on grounds of public policy, public security orpublichealth.

5. APartnerStateimposingalimitationunderparagraph4,shallnotify

theotherPartnerStatesaccordingly.6. The provisions of this Article shall not affect any provisions of

national laws,administrativeproceduresandpracticesofaPartnerState which would be more favourable to citizens of the otherPartnerStates.

7. ThePartnerStatesherebyagreethatmattersrelatingtopermanent

residenceshallbegovernedbythenationalpoliciesandlawsofthePartnerStates.

8. The implementationof thisArticleshallbe inaccordancewith the

East African Community Common Market (Right of Residence)Regulations,specifiedinAnnexIVtothisProtocol.

ARTICLE 15 Access to and Use of Land and Premises

1. ThePartnerStatesherebyagreethataccesstoanduseoflandand

premisesshallbegovernedbythenationalpoliciesandlawsofthePartnerStates.

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2. TherightsprovidedunderArticles13and14inasfarastheyrelatetoaccess toanduseof landandpremises shallbe subject to thisArticle.

PART F FREE MOVEMENT OF SERVICES

ARTICLE 16

Free Movement of Services 1. ThePartnerStatesherebyguaranteethefreemovementofservices

suppliedbynationalsofPartnerStatesand the freemovementofservicesupplierswhoarenationalsofthePartnerStateswithintheCommunity.

2. Thefreemovementofservicesshallcoverthesupplyofservices:

(a) from the territory of a Partner State into the territory ofanotherPartnerState;

(b) intheterritoryofaPartnerStatetoserviceconsumersfrom

anotherPartnerState;(c) byaservicesupplierofaPartnerState,throughcommercial

presence of the service supplier in the territory of anotherPartnerState;and

(d) by the presence of a service supplier,who is a citizen of a

PartnerState,intheterritoryofanotherPartnerState.

3. In fulfillingtheirobligationsandcommitmentsunderthisPart,thePartnerStatesshalltakesuchmeasurestoensuretheobservanceofthemeasuresby localgovernmentsand localauthoritiesandnongovernmentalbodieswithinthePartnerStates.

4. ThemeasurestobetakenbythePartnerStatesunderparagraph3

includeanylawsandadministrativeactionstakenby:

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(a) nationalgovernments,localgovernmentsorlocalauthorities;and

(b) nongovernmental bodies in the exercise of powers

delegated by national governments, local governments orlocalauthorities.

5. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the Partner States shall

progressively remove existing restrictions and shall not introduceany new restrictions on the provision of services in the PartnerStates, by nationals of other Partner States except as otherwiseprovidedinthisProtocol.

6. WithoutprejudicetoanyotherprovisionsofthisProtocol,aperson

providingaservicemay,inordertoprovidetheservice,temporarilyengage in activities related to the service in the Partner State,where theservice is tobesupplied,under thesameconditionsasareapplicabletothenationalsofthePartnerState.

7. ForthepurposesofthisPartservicesincludes:

(a) services in any sector except services supplied in the

exerciseofgovernmentalauthoritywhichare notprovidedon a commercial basis or in competitionwith one ormoreservicesuppliers;

(b) servicesnormallyprovidedforremuneration,insofarasthey

arenotgovernedbytheprovisionsrelatingtofreemovementofgoods,capitalandpersons.

ARTICLE 17 National Treatment

1. EachPartnerStateshallaccordtoservicesandservicesuppliersof

other Partner States, treatment not less favourable than thataccorded to similar services and service suppliers of the PartnerState.

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2. Forthepurposesoffulfillingtherequirementofparagraph1,each

PartnerStatemayaccordtoservicesandservicesuppliersofotherPartner States, either formally identical treatment or formallydifferent treatment to that it accords to like services and servicesuppliersofthePartnerState.

3. Formally identical or formally different treatment shall be

considered to be less favourable if it modifies the conditions ofcompetitioninfavourofservicesorservicesuppliersofthePartnerState compared to like services or service suppliers of the otherPartnerStates.

ARTICLE 18

Most Favoured Nation Treatment Each Partner State shall upon the coming into force of this Protocol,accord unconditionally, to services and service suppliers of the otherPartnerStates, treatmentno less favourable than that itaccords to likeservicesandservicesuppliersofotherPartnerStatesoranythirdpartyoracustomsterritory.

ARTICLE 19 Notification

1. EachPartnerStateshallpromptlynotifytheCouncilofallmeasures

of general application affecting the freemovement of services attheentryintoforceofthisProtocol.

2. The Partner States shall notify the Council of any international

agreements pertaining to or affecting trade in serviceswith thirdpartiesthattheyaresignatoryto,priortoandaftertheentry intoforceofthisProtocol.

3. WhereaPartnerStatesubmitsanotification to theCouncilunderparagraph 2, the Secretariat shall transmit a copy of thatnotificationtotheotherPartnerStates.

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4. EachPartnerStateshall,promptlyandatleastannually,informtheCouncil of the introduction of any new national laws oradministrative guidelines, or any changes to existing laws oradministrativeguidelineswhichaffecttradeinservicesprovidedforinthisProtocol.

5. Each Partner State shall respond promptly to any request by

another Partner State for specific information on any of itsmeasuresofgeneralapplicationorinternationalagreements.

6. TheCouncilmaymakedecisionson themeasuresor international

agreementsreferredtointhisArticle.

ARTICLE 20 Domestic Regulation

1. ThePartnerStatesmayregulatetheirservicessectorsinaccordance

withtheirnationalpolicyobjectivesprovidedthatthemeasuresareconsistentwiththeprovisionsofthisProtocolanddonotconstitutebarrierstotradeinservices.

2. The Partner States shall ensure that all measures of general

application affecting trade in services are administered in areasonable,objectiveandimpartialmanner.

ARTICLE 21 General Exceptions to Trade in Services

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1. Subject to the requirement that measures are not applied in amanner which would constitute a means of arbitrary orunjustifiable discrimination between Partner States where likeconditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on trade in services,nothing in thisPartshallbeconstrued toprevent theadoptionorenforcementbyanyPartnerStateofmeasures:

(a) necessary to protect public morals or to maintain public

order;(b) necessarytoprotecthuman,animalorplantlifeorhealth;(c) necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations

which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Partincludingthoserelatingto:

(i) thepreventionofdeceptiveand fraudulentpractices

orwhichdealwiththeeffectsofadefaultonservicescontracts;

(ii) theprotectionoftheprivacyofindividualsinrelation

totheprocessinganddisseminationofpersonaldataand the protection of confidentiality of individualrecordsandaccounts;and

(iii) safety;

(d) inconsistentwithArticle17ofthisProtocol,providedthatthedifferenceintreatmentisaimedatensuringtheequitableoreffectiveimpositionorcollectionofdirecttaxesinrespectofservicesorservicesuppliersofotherPartnerStates;or

(e) inconsistentwithArticle18ofthisProtocol,providedthatthe

difference intreatment istheresultofanagreementontheavoidanceofdoubletaxationorprovisionsontheavoidanceof double taxation in any other international agreement orarrangementbywhichthePartnerStateisbound.

2. Pursuant to subparagraph (d) of paragraph 1, measures that are

aimedatensuringtheequitableoreffectiveimpositionorcollection

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ofdirecttaxes includemeasurestakenbyaPartnerStateunder itstaxationsystemwhich:

(a) apply to nonresident service suppliers in recognition of the

factthatthetaxobligationofnonresidentsisdeterminedwithrespecttotaxable itemssourcedor located intheterritoryofthePartnerStates;

(b) apply to nonresidents in order to ensure the imposition or

collectionoftaxesintheterritoryofthePartnerStates;(c) apply to nonresidents or residents in order to prevent the

avoidanceorevasionoftaxes,includingcompliancemeasures;(d) apply to consumers of services supplied in or from the

territory of another Partner State in order to ensure theimpositionor collectionof taxeson such consumersderivedfromsourcesintheterritoryofthePartnerStates;

(e) distinguish service suppliers subject to tax on worldwide

taxable items from other service suppliers, in recognition ofthedifferenceinthenatureofthetaxbasebetweenthem;or

(f) determine, allocate or apportion income, profit, gain, loss,

deductionorcreditofresidentcitizens,companiesorfirmsorthebranchesof the companiesor firms,orbetween relatedcompaniesor firms or theirbranches, inorder to safeguardthetaxbaseofthePartnerState.

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ARTICLE 22 Security Exceptions on Trade in Services

1. NothinginthisPartshallbeconstrued:

(a) to requireanyPartnerState to furnishany information, thedisclosure of which it considers contrary to its essentialsecurityinterests;

(b) topreventanyPartnerStatefromtakinganyactionwhich it

considersnecessaryfortheprotectionofitsessentialsecurityinterests:

(i) relatingtothesupplyofservicescarriedoutdirectlyor

indirectly for the purpose of provisioning a militaryestablishment;

(ii) relating to fissionableand fusionablematerialsor the

materialsfromwhichtheyarederived;(iii) taken in time of war or other emergency in

internationalrelations;or

(c) to prevent any Partner State from taking any action inpursuanceofitsobligationsundertheUnitedNationsCharterfortheMaintenanceofInternationalPeaceandSecurity.

2. ThePartnerStates shall, to the fullestextentpossible, inform theCouncil of measures taken under subparagraphs (b) and (c) ofparagraph1andoftheirtermination.

ARTICLE 23

Implementation of the Free Movement of Services

1. The implementation of Article 16 of this Protocol shall beprogressiveandinaccordancewiththeScheduleontheProgressiveLiberalisationofServices,specifiedinAnnexVtothisProtocol.

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2. ThePartnerStates,undertaketomakeadditionalcommitmentsontheeliminationofrestrictionsontheservicesectorsandsubsectorsthatarenot specified inAnnexVof thisProtocol,afterentry intoforceofthisProtocol.

3. The Council shall issue directives on the modalities for theimplementationofparagraph2.

PART G FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL

ARTICLE 24

Elimination of Restrictions on the Free Movement of Capital

1. Except asprovided in this Part, the Partner States shallupon the

comingintoforceofthisProtocol:

(a) remove restrictions between the Partner States, on themovement of capital belonging to persons resident in theCommunity;

(b) removeanydiscriminationbasedonthenationalityoronthe

placeofresidenceofthepersonsorontheplacewherethecapitalisinvested;

(c) removeanyexisting restrictionsandshallnot introduceany

new restrictionson themovementof capitalandpaymentsconnected with such movement and on current paymentsandtransfers,orapplymorerestrictiveregulations;and

(d) remove restrictions relating to currentpayments connected

with the movement of goods, persons, services or capitalbetweenPartnerStates inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisProtocol.

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2. The implementation of this Article shall be progressive and inaccordancewiththeScheduleontheRemovalofRestrictionontheFreeMovementofCapital,specifiedinAnnexVItothisProtocol.

ARTICLE 25

General Exceptions 1. The free movement of capital may be restricted upon justified

reasonsrelatedto:

(a) prudentialsupervision;(b) publicpolicyconsiderations;(c) moneylaundering;and(d) financialsanctionsagreedtobythePartnerStates.

2. WhereaPartnerStateadoptsarestrictionunderparagraph1,the

Partner State shall inform the Secretariat and the other PartnerStates and furnish proof that the action taken was appropriate,reasonableandjustified.

ARTICLE 26

Safeguard Measures 1. Where the movement of capital leads to disturbances in the

functioningofthefinancialmarkets inaPartnerState,thePartnerState concerned may take safeguard measures subject to theconditionsprovidedunderArticle27ofthisProtocol.

2. Where a competent authority of a Partner State makes an

intervention in the foreign exchange market, which seriouslydistortstheconditionsofcompetition,theotherPartnerStatesmaytake, forastrictly limitedperiod, thenecessarymeasures inordertocountertheconsequencesoftheintervention.

3. APartner Statemay take safeguardmeasures,where thePartner

State is indifficultiesor isseriouslythreatenedwithdifficulties,asregardsitsbalanceofpayments.

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ARTICLE 27 Conditions for Application of the Safeguard Measures

1. The safeguard measures which may be adopted or maintained

pursuanttotheprovisionsofArticle26ofthisProtocolshall:

(a) subjecttotheprovisionsofthisProtocol,not discriminateamongPartnerStatesinfavourofthirdparties;

(b) at all times seek to minimize damage to the commercial,

economicorfinancialinterestsofotherPartnerStates;(c) notexceed the safeguardmeasures necessary todealwith

thecircumstancesdescribedinArticle26;and(d) be temporary and be phased out progressively as the

situationdescribedinArticle26improves.

2. Indeterminingthe impositionofthesafeguardmeasuresprovidedfor inArticle26of thisProtocol, thePartnerStateconcernedmayaccord priority to activities which are essential to its economicstability.

3. Safeguard measures shall not be adopted or maintained for the

purpose of protecting a particular sector in contravention of theprovisionsofthisProtocol.

4. ThesafeguardmeasuresadoptedormaintainedpursuanttoArticle

26ofthisProtocoloranychangestothesafeguardmeasuresshallbenotifiedtotheSecretariatandtotheotherPartnerStates.

5. The Council shall establish procedures for periodic consultations

including,wherepossibleanddesirable,priorconsultationswiththeobjective of making recommendations to the concerned PartnerStatefortheremovalofthesafeguardmeasures.

6. Theconsultationsunderparagraph5shalladdress thecompliance

of any safeguard measures taken under paragraph 1 and, in

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particular,theprogressivephaseoutofthesafeguardmeasures inaccordancewithparagraph1(d).

ARTICLE 28

Capital and Related Payments and Transfers

For the purposes of this Protocol, capital and related payments andtransfersinclude:

(a) directinvestment;(b) equityandportfolioinvestments;(c) bankandcredittransactions;(d) paymentofinterestonloansandamortisation;(e) dividendsandotherincomeoninvestments;(f) repatriationofproceedsfromthesaleofassets;and(g) othertransfersandpaymentsrelatingtoinvestmentflows.

PART H OTHERAREASOFCOOPERATIONINTHECOMMON

MARKET

ARTICLE 29 Protection of Cross-Border Investments

1. ThePartnerStatesundertake toprotectcrossborder investments

and returns of investors of other Partner States within theirterritories.

2. Forthepurposesofparagraph1,thePartnerStatesshallensure:

(a) protection and security of cross border investments of

investorsofotherPartnerStates;

(b) non discrimination of the investors of the other PartnerStates,by according, to these investors treatment no lessfavourable than that accorded in like circumstances to thenationalsofthatPartnerStateortothirdparties;

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(c) that in caseofexpropriation,anymeasures takenare fora

public purpose, nondiscriminatory, and in accordancewithdue process of law, accompanied by prompt payment ofreasonableandeffectivecompensation.

3. ThePartnerStatesshallwithintwoyearsaftercomingintoforceof

thisProtocoltakemeasurestosecuretheprotectionofcrossborderinvestmentswithintheCommunity.

4. ForthepurposeofthisArticle:

crossborderinvestmentmeansanyinvestmentbyanationalofaPartnerStateintheterritoryofanotherPartnerState;investmentmeansanykindofassetownedor controlledbyaninvestorofaPartnerState inanotherPartnerState inaccordancewiththenationallawsandinvestmentpoliciesofthatPartnerStateandincludes:(a) anenterprise;(b) shares, stock, andother formsof equity participation in an

enterprise;(c) bonds,debentures,otherdebtinstrumentsandloans;(d) futures,optionsandotherderivatives;(e) turnkey,construction,management,production,concession,

revenuesharingandothersimilarcontracts;(f) intellectualpropertyrights;(g) licenses,authorizations,permitsandsimilar rightsconferred

pursuanttoapplicablenationallaws;and(h) othertangibleorintangible,movableorimmovableproperty,

and relatedproperty rights suchas leases,mortgages, liensandpledges;

investormeansanationalofaPartner StatewhohasmadeaninvestmentintheterritoryofanotherPartnerState.

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ARTICLE 30 Economic and Monetary Policy Co-ordination

1. For the proper functioning of the Common Market, the Partner

States shall coordinate and harmonize their economic andmonetary policies to ensuremacroeconomic stability, sustainableeconomicgrowthandbalanceddevelopment.

2. TheCouncilshallmonitortheimplementationoftheeconomicand

monetarypoliciesbythePartnerStatestoensuremacroeconomicstabilityandsustainableeconomicdevelopment.

3. The Partner States undertake to adhere to the macroeconomic

convergencecriteriaasdeterminedbytheCouncil.

4. The Partner States shall submit to the Council periodic progressreportsontheperformanceoftheirnationaleconomiestofacilitateclose coordination of economic policies and adherence to themacroeconomicconvergencecriteria.

ARTICLE 31

Financial Sector Policy Co-ordination

1. For the proper functioning of the Common Market the PartnerStates undertake to coordinate and harmonize their financialsectorpoliciesand regulatory frameworks toensure theefficiencyand stability of their financial systems as well as the smoothoperationsofthepaymentsystems.

2. ThePartnerStatesshallensureandmaintainconvertibilityoftheir

national currenciesandpromote theuseofnational currencies inthe settlement of payments for all transactions within theCommunity.

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ARTICLE 32

Harmonisation of Tax Policies and Laws ThePartnerStatesundertaketoprogressivelyharmonizetheirtaxpoliciesand laws to remove tax distortions in order to facilitate the freemovement of goods, services and capital and to promote investmentwithintheCommunity.

ARTICLE 33

Prohibited Business Practices

1. ThePartnerStatesshallprohibitanypracticesthatadverselyaffectfreetrade.

2. Theprovisionsofparagraph1shallapplyinthecaseof:

(a) all agreements between undertakings, decisions by

associations of undertakings and concerted practiceswhichmayaffect tradebetweenPartnerStatesandwhichhaveastheir objective or effect the prevention, restriction ordistortionofcompetitionwithintheCommunity;

(b) concentrations which create or strengthen a dominant

positionandasaresultofwhicheffectivecompetitionwouldbe significantly impeded within the Community or in asubstantialpartoftheCommunity;and

(c) any abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant

positionwithintheCommunityorinasubstantialpartoftheCommunity.

3. Theprovisionsofparagraph1shallnotapplyinthecaseof:

(a) any agreement or category of agreements between

undertakings;(b) anydecisionbyassociationsofundertakings;or(c) anyconcertedpracticeorcategoryofconcertedpractices,

34

which improves production or distribution of goods, promotestechnical or economic development or which has the effect ofpromoting consumer welfare and does not impose restrictionsinconsistentwiththeattainmentoftheobjectivesoftheCommonMarketorhastheeffectofeliminatingcompetition inrespectofasubstantialpartofaproduct.

ARTICLE 34 Prohibited Subsidies

1. ThePartnerStatesshallnotgrantanysubsidythroughresourcesin

any form, which distorts or threatens to distort effectivecompetitionbyfavouringanundertaking,insofarasitaffectstradebetweenthePartnerStates.

2. Paragraph1shallnotapplywhereasubsidygranted isauthorisedbytheTreatyorbyActsorpoliciesoftheCommunityordecisionsoftheCouncil.

ARTICLE 35

Public Procurement The Partner States shall not discriminate against suppliers, products orservicesoriginating fromotherPartnerStates, forpurposesofachievingthebenefitsoffreecompetitioninthefieldofpublicprocurement.

ARTICLE 36 Consumer Protection

1. ThePartnerStatesshallpromotethe interestsoftheconsumers in

theCommunitybyappropriatemeasuresthat:(a) ensuretheprotectionoflife,healthandsafetyofconsumers;

and(b) encouragefairandeffectivecompetition inordertoprovide

consumerswithgreaterchoiceamonggoodsandservicesatthelowestcost.

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2. The implementationofArticles33to36ofthisProtocolshallbe inaccordancewithdirectivesandregulationsissuedbytheCouncil.

Article 37

Co-ordination of Trade Relations

1. ThePartnerStatesshallcoordinatetheirtraderelationstopromoteinternationaltradeandtraderelationsbetweentheCommunityandthirdparties.

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the Partner States shall adopt

commonprinciplesinparticularinrelationto:(a) tariffrates;(b) conclusionoftariffandtradeagreements;(c) theachievementsofuniformityofmeasuresofliberalisation;(d) exportpromotionstrategies;and(e) traderemedies.

3. The Council shall establish amechanism for the coordination oftraderelationswiththirdpartiesandshall:

(a) adopt commonnegotiatingpositions in thedevelopmentof

mutuallybeneficialtradeagreementswiththirdparties;and(b) promote participation and joint representation in

internationaltradenegotiations.4. ThePartnerStatesshallprovideinformationtotheCouncilontrade

relations with third parties, to facilitate the effectiveimplementationofparagraph3.

5. For purposes of trade arrangements between individual PartnerStatesandthirdparties,theprovisionsofArticle37oftheProtocolontheEstablishmentoftheEastAfricanCommunityCustomsUnionshallapply.

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ARTICLE 38

Co-ordination of Transport Policies

1. The Partner States undertake to evolve coordinated andharmonized transport policies to provide for adequate, reliable,safeandinternationallycompetitivetransportinfrastructuremodesandservicesforthedevelopmentandconsolidationoftheCommonMarket.

2. Paragraph 1 shall apply to logistics and transport by road, rail,

inlandwaterways,maritime,pipelineandairand facilities suchasports,airportsandinlanddryports.

3. ForthepurposesofimplementingthisArticle,thePartnerStates:

(a) shall honour the existing ratified agreements enteredbetweenthePartnerStates;

(b) mayinfutureenterintootheragreements;

(c) shall honour their existing commitments and obligations

emanating from international conventions and agreements;and

(d) shall subject to the provisions of subparagraph (c) of this

paragraph, align all other agreements on transport to theprovisionsofthisProtocol.

4. TheCouncil shallwithin three yearsupon entry into forceof this

Protocol,makeregulationsapplicableto:(a) railwaytransport;(b) maritimetransportandportoperations;(c) pipelinetransport;(d) airtransport;(e) nonmotorizedtransport;and(f) multimodaltransportandlogistics.

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ARTICLE 39

Harmonisation of Social Policies 1. The Partner States undertake to coordinate and harmonise their

socialpoliciestopromoteandprotectdecentworkandimprovetheliving conditions of the citizens of the Partner States for thedevelopmentoftheCommonMarket.

2. Forthepurposesofparagraph1,thePartnerStatesshallcoordinate

andharmonisetheirsocialpoliciesrelatingto:

(a) goodgovernance,theruleoflawandsocialjustice;(b) promotionandprotectionofhumanandpeoplesrights;(c) promotionofequalopportunitiesandgenderequality;(d) promotionandprotectionof the rightsofmarginalisedand

vulnerablegroups;(e) promotionofAfricanmoralvalues, socialvaluesandethics;

and(f) promotion of unity and cohesion among the people in the

Community.

3. ThePartnerStatesundertaketoimplementprogrammesto:

(a) promoteemploymentcreation;(b) strengthenlabourlawsandimproveworkingconditions;(c) eliminatecompulsoryandforcedlabour;(d) promoteoccupationalsafetyandhealthattheworkplaces;(e) abolish child labour in particular the worst forms of child

labour;(f) promoteformaleducationtoadvancesocialdevelopment;(g) promotevocationalandtechnicaltraining;(h) expandandimprovesocialprotection;(i) promote social dialogue between the social partners and

otherstakeholders;(j) promotetherightofpersonswithdisabilities;(k) promotesports;(l) preventandmanageHIVandAIDS,malariaandtuberculosis;

38

(m) prevent andmanage theoutbreakofepidemicsandotherdiseases inorderto improvethegeneralhygieneandhealthofthepeople;

(n) prevent social vices such as alcoholism, drug abuse orsubstanceabuseandperversebehaviour;

(o) eliminatehumansmugglingandtrafficking;and(p) eliminateignorance,diseasesandpoverty.

4. The Partner States shall, in implementing programmes under

paragraph3:

(a) promote, preserve and mainstream cultural activities andheritageindevelopmentinitiatives;and

(b) adopt measures and programmes aimed at promoting thewelfareofthevulnerablegroups.

ARTICLE 40

Environmental Management 1. ThePartnerStatesundertake toensure soundenvironmentaland

naturalresourcesmanagementprinciplesfortheproperfunctioningof the CommonMarket, through prevention of activities that aredetrimentaltotheenvironment.

2. For thepurposesofparagraph1, thePartnerStates shallmanage

theenvironmentinaccordancewith:

(a) the East African Community Protocol on Environment andNaturalResourcesManagement;

(b) the East African Community Protocol for SustainableDevelopmentofLakeVictoriaBasin;

(c) theLakeVictoriaTransportAct,2008;(d) the Protocol on the Establishment of the East African

CommunityCustomsUnion;(e) theEastAfricanCommunityCustomsManagementAct,2004;(f) therelevantprovisionsofthisProtocol;and(g) anyotherrelevantlawsoftheCommunity.

39

3. The Partner States shall respect the principles of internationalenvironmental law and honour their commitments in respect ofinternational agreements which relate to environmentalmanagement.

4. ThePartnerStatesshalldevelopcommonpolicies inrespondingto

emergingissuesontheenvironment.5. Theprovisionsof thisArticleshallnotpreclude thePartnerStates

from maintaining or introducing more stringent protectivemeasures regarding the environment, where the measures arecompatiblewiththisProtocol.

ARTICLE 41

Cooperation in Statistics 1. The Partner States shall cooperate to ensure the availability of

relevant,timelyandreliablestatisticaldatafor:

(a) describing, monitoring and evaluating all aspects of theCommonMarket;and

(b) sound decisionmaking and effective service delivery in the

CommonMarket.

2. For thepurposesofparagraph1, thePartnerStatesundertake todevelop and adopt harmonised statistical methods, concepts,definitions and classifications for organizing statisticalworkwhiledulyobservinginternationallyacceptedbestpractices.

3. For the purposes of paragraph 1 the Partner States shall collect,compile,storeanddisseminaterelevant,reliable,timely,consistentandcomparablestatisticalinformation.

4. TheCouncilmayissuedirectiveson:

(a) statistics to be collected and compiled as well as theperiodicity and format in which statistical data shall besubmittedbythePartnerStatestotheSecretariat;

40

(b) thekey indicators formonitoringthe implementationof the

integration process of the Common Market and evaluatingthe impactof the integrationprocesson thewelfareof thepeople in the Community and the competitiveness of theCommunity;

(c) statistics to be aggregated and disseminated by the

Community;(d) the coordination of Community statistics programmes and

the development and maintenance of an integratedCommunitystatisticaldatabase;and

(e) the development of infrastructural and human resource

capacitiesinthefieldofstatisticsinthePartnerStates.

ARTICLE 42

Research and Technological Development 1. The Partner States undertake to promote research and

technological development through marketled research,technological development and the adaptation of technologies intheCommunity,tosupportthesustainableproductionofgoodsandservicesandenhanceinternationalcompetitiveness.

2. Forthepurposesofparagraph1,thePartnerStatesshall:

(a) disseminatetheresultsofactivitiesinresearch,technologicaldevelopmentanddemonstrationprogrammes;

(b) facilitateaccess to their technologicaland research facilities

byresearchersandotherexperts;(c) encourageprivatesectorparticipationinactivitiesrelatingto

intraregionalresearchandtransferoftechnology;(d) adopt measures to develop the human resource of the

Communityinresearchanddevelopment;

41

(e) establish and support research infrastructure, facilities and

institutions;(f) collaborate with the East African Science and Technology

Commissionandother institutionson research, scienceandtechnology;and

(g) establishamechanism for the coordinationof theactivities

specifiedinthisparagraph.

3. Pursuant to the objectives set out in paragraph 1, the Councilshallissuedirectivesandmakeregulationsto:

(a) promote cooperation in research, technological

development and demonstration programmes withinPartner States, and with regional institutions, foreigncountriesandinternationalorganizations;

(b) stimulatecreativityandexcellenceinresearchthroughthe

funding of frontier research carried out by individualteamscompetingattheCommunitylevel;

(c) implement research, technological development and

demonstration programmes with and betweenundertakings, including small and mediumsizedenterprises,researchcentresanduniversitiesandtoassistthe undertakings in their research and technologicaldevelopmentactivities;

(d) develop technologicalpoliciesand strategies,havingdue

regardtotheimportanceoftechnologymanagementandprotectionofintellectualpropertyrights;

(e) provide measures for protecting, developing and

commercialisingindigenousknowledge;(f) promoteandensure sustainabilityofan informationand

communicationstechnologyculture;

42

(g) promote and facilitate technology transfer, acquisitionand dissemination in order to achieve increasedproductionandproductivity;and

(h) establish and develop a technology innovation system

for the productive sector of the economy of theCommunity.

4. The Partner States undertake to establish a Research and

TechnologicalDevelopmentFundforpurposesofimplementingthisArticle.

5. The Council shall issue directives and make regulations for the

implementationofparagraph4.

ARTICLE 43 Co-operation in Intellectual Property Rights

1. The Partner States undertake to cooperate in the field of

intellectualpropertyrightsto:

(a) promoteandprotectcreativityandinnovationforeconomic,technological, social and cultural development in theCommunity;and

(b) enhance the protection of intellectual property

rights.2. For thepurposesofparagraph1, thePartnerStatesundertake to

cooperateinthefollowingareas:

(a) copyrightandrelatedrights;(b) patents;(c) layoutdesignsofintegratedcircuits;(d) industrialdesigns;(e) newplantvarieties;(f) geographicalindications;(g) tradeandservicemarks;(h) tradesecrets;

43

(i) utilitymodels;(j) traditionalknowledge;(k) geneticresources;(l) traditionalculturalexpressionsandfolklore;and(m) any other areas that may be determined by the Partner

States.3. Forthepurposesofparagraph1,PartnerStatesshall:

(a) put inplacemeasures toprevent infringement,misuse andabuseofintellectualpropertyrights;

(b) cooperateinfightingpiracyandcounterfeitactivities;(c) exchange information on matters relating to intellectual

propertyrights;(d) promote public awareness on intellectual property rights

issues;(e) enhancecapacityinintellectualproperty;(f) increasedisseminationanduseofpatentdocumentationasa

sourceoftechnologicalinformation;(g) adoptcommonpositions in regionaland internationalnorm

settinginthefieldofintellectualproperty;and(h) put in place intellectual property policies that promote

creativity,innovationanddevelopmentofintellectualcapital.4. ThePartnerStatesshallestablishmechanismstoensure:

(a) the legal protection of the traditional cultural expressions,

traditional knowledge, genetic resources and nationalheritage;

(b) theprotectionandpromotionofculturalindustries;

44

(c) the use of protected works for the benefits of thecommunitiesinthePartnerStates;and

(d) thecooperation inpublichealth,foodsecurity,researchand

technologicaldevelopment.5. TheCouncilshallissuedirectivesfor:

(a) cooperation in the administration, management andenforcementofintellectualpropertyrights;

(b) the elimination of discriminatory practices in the

administrationofintellectualpropertyrightsamongstPartnerStates.

6. The Partner States shall honour their commitments in respect of

international agreements which relate to intellectual propertyrights.

ARTICLE 44

Co-operation in Industrial Development 1. ThePartnerStatesundertaketocooperateintheareaofindustrial

development in the activities related to the production of goodsand services in the Common Market, for the attainment ofsustainablegrowthanddevelopmentintheCommunity.

2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the Partner States shall adopt

commonprinciplesto:(a) promote linkages among industries and other economic

sectorswithintheCommunity;(b) promote value addition and product diversification to

improveresourceutilisation;(c) promote industrial research and development, transfer,

acquisitions, adaptation and development of moderntechnology;

45

(d) promote sustainable and balanced industrialisation in the

Community to cater for the least industrialized PartnerStates;

(e) facilitate the development of micro, small and medium

industriesandpromoteindigenousentrepreneurs;(f) promoteinvestmentandemploymentopportunitiesinthe

Community;(g) promoteknowledgebasedindustries;(h) promote industrial productivity and competitiveness of

industriesatnational,Communityandinternationallevels;(i) promote sustainable industrial development that ensures

environmental protection, management and efficientresourceutilisation;and

(j) disseminate and exchange industrial and technological

information.3. TheCouncilshallissuedirectivesandmakeregulationson:

(a) the implementation of the East African IndustrialDevelopmentStrategy;

(b) the promotion of new technologies and the infrastructure

necessaryforindustrialdevelopment;(c) the improvement of quality and technical regulatory

infrastructuretoensurecomplianceof industrialproductstostandardsandtechnicalregulations;

(d) the establishment of physical infrastructure for industrial

development including industrialparksandspecialeconomiczones;

46

(e) the establishment of a regional mechanism for developinghuman capacity for industrial and technologicaladvancement;

(f) support for regional fora for PublicPrivate Partnership and

CivilSocietydialogue;(g) the development of a regional mechanism to provide

sustainableandaffordableindustrialdevelopmentfinance;(h) support for the development of a regional productive base

forcapital,intermediategoods,toolsandimplements;and(i) anyothermeasuresthatmaybenecessary.

ARTICLE 45

Co-operation in Agriculture and Food Security 1. ThePartnerStatesundertaketo:

(a) sustainablydevelopandpromoteagriculturewith regard tocrops,livestock,fish,forestryandtheirproducts;and

(b) ensure food security in the Community through access to

qualityandsufficientfood.2. The objectives of promoting agriculture and ensuring food

securityintheCommonMarketshallbeto:

(a) increaseagriculturalproductionandproductivity;(b) achievefoodandnutritionsecurity;(c) promoteinvestmentsinagricultureandfoodsecurity;(d) developeffectiveagriculturalmarketsandmarketingsystems

intheCommunity;and

47

(e) promote agro processing and value addition to agriculturalproducts.

3. ForthepurposesofthisArticle,PartnerStatesshall:

(a) cooperateinagriculturalresearchanddevelopment;(b) cooperateinplantbreeding;(c) promote theproductionanddistributionofqualityseedsof

crops,livestock,fishandforesttrees;(d) developcapacityintheagriculturalsector;(e) cooperate in breeding, multiplication, distribution and

artificial insemination of livestock including domesticatedanimals;

(f) develop,promote,manageandconservefisheriesresources

onasustainablebasiswithintheCommunity;(g) cooperate in the controlofplant and animalpests, vectors

anddiseases;(h) establishearlywarningsystemsandmanagefoodsecurity;(i) develop,promoteandmanageforestsandforestryproducts;(j) promoteandsupport thedevelopmentofsustainablewater

useandirrigationfacilities;(k) stabilizemarkets and ensure the availability of supplies for

bothdomesticconsumptionandexports;(l) establish an effective regimeof sanitary andphytosanitary

measures,standardsandtechnicalregulations;(m) establishandpromotetheproductionandavailabilityoffarm

inputsand implements insufficientquantities inthePartnerStates;and

48

(n) promote and encourage private sector participation inagricultural commercial activities and provision of supportservices.

4. The implementationof thisArticleshallbe inaccordancewith theexistingandanyotherrelevant instrumentsthatmaybeapprovedbytheCouncil.

5. The Partner States undertake to establish an Agricultural

DevelopmentFund.6. ThepurposesoftheAgriculturalDevelopmentFundshallbeto:

(a) promotesustainableandcompetitiveagriculturalproduction;(b) financeagriculturalcapitalinvestmentandworkingcapital;(c) financeagriculturalmechanisationandinputs;(d) facilitate access to credit by all categories of farmers and

agriculturalentrepreneursespeciallysmallscalefarmersandagriculturalentrepreneurs;

(e) facilitatefinancingforvalueadditionandprocessingcapacity;

and(f) cater foranyother financing requirement in theagricultural

sector.

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PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE 46

Institutional Framework In accordancewithparagraph3ofArticle76of the Treaty, theCouncilmayestablishandconferpowersandauthorityuponsuchinstitutionsasitmaydeemnecessarytoadministertheCommonMarket.

ARTICLE 47

Approximation and Harmonisation of Policies, Laws and Systems

1. The Partner States undertake to approximate their national laws

and to harmonise their policies and systems, for purposes ofimplementingthisProtocol.

2. TheCouncilshallissuedirectivesforpurposesofimplementingthis

Article.

ARTICLE 48 Safeguard Measures

1. ThePartnerStatesagreetoapplysafeguardmeasures intheevent

of serious injury or of a threat of serious injury occurring to theeconomy of a Partner State, following the application of therelevantprovisionofthisProtocol.

2. Intheeventofseriousinjury,wherepromptandimmediateaction

is deemed necessary, the Partner State concerned shall takenecessarysafeguardmeasuresafter informingtheCouncilandtheotherPartnerStatesthroughtheSecretaryGeneral.

3. Inthecaseofthreatofserious injury,thePartnerStateconcerned

shall consult the Council before taking necessary safeguardmeasures.

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4. TheCouncilshallexamine thebasis,consider themethodand theeffect of the application of the safeguardmeasures taken by thePartnerStateunderparagraphs2and3andmakeanappropriatedecision.

ARTICLE 49

Measures to Address Imbalances

TheCouncilshallapprovemeasurestoaddressimbalancesthatmayarisefromtheimplementationofthisProtocol.

ARTICLE 50

Monitoring and Evaluation of Implementation of the Common Market

1. The Council shall establish a framework for monitoring and

evaluatingtheimplementationofthisProtocol.

2. ForthepurposesofthisArticle,theCouncilshall:

(a) ensure that theoperationsof theCommonMarketconformtotheobjectivesofthisProtocol;

(b) annually reviewthespecificcommitmentsandprogrammes

in thisProtocoland take thenecessarymeasures toensurethat the Partner States adhere to their commitments andprogrammeswithintheagreedtimeframe;

(c) evaluatetheimplementationofthisProtocol;and(d) assess any causes of delay in the implementation of this

Protocol and take the appropriatemeasures to remedy thesituation.

3. Forthepurposesoftheimplementationofparagraph2,theCouncil

shalltake intoaccountanychangesoccurring intheeconomicandsocialcircumstancesofthePartnerStates.

4. Theannualreviewinsubparagraph(b)ofparagraph2shall:

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(a) consistofanassessmentoftheimplementationoftheagreed

commitments and programmes, taking into account theresults of any relevant activities of the monitoring andevaluationexercise;and

(b) inparticular,includeanassessmentoftheresultsachievedin

therealisationandenjoymentofthefreedomsandrightsofcitizensguaranteedunderthisProtocol,measuredagainst:

(i) theagreedcommitments;

(ii) theeffectiveness inthe implementationoftheagreed

commitments;and

(iii) theextenttowhichthecommitmentsagreedtointheimplementationScheduleshavebeenadheredto.

5. The evaluation of the implementation of the Common Market

referredto insubparagraph(c)ofparagraph2shallbecarriedouteverythreeyears.

ARTICLE 51

Regulations, Directives and Decisions TheCouncilshallfromtimetotimemakeregulations,issuedirectivesandmakedecisionsasmaybenecessary fortheeffective implementationoftheprovisionsofthisProtocol.

ARTICLE 52 Annexes

ThePartnerStatesshallconcludesuchannexestothisProtocolasshallbedeemed necessary and such annexes shall form an integral part of thisProtocol.

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ARTICLE 53 Amendment of the Protocol

1. ThisProtocolmaybeamendedbyPartnerStatesinaccordancewith

the provisions of Article 150 of the Treaty.

2. Subjecttotheprovisionsofparagraph1,theCouncilmay:

(a) withtheapprovaloftheSummit,reviewtheannexestothisProtocolandmakesuchmodificationsasitdeemsnecessary;

(b) submittothePartnerStatesproposalsfortheamendmentof

theprovisionsofthisProtocol.

ARTICLE 54 Settlement of Disputes

1. Any dispute between the Partner States arising from the

interpretation or application of this Protocol shall be settled inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheTreaty.

2. In accordance with their Constitutions, national laws and

administrativeproceduresandwiththeprovisionsofthisProtocol,PartnerStatesguaranteethat:

(a) anypersonwhose rights and liberties as recognisedby this

Protocol have been infringed upon, shall have the right toredress, evenwhere this infringement hasbeen committedbypersonsactingintheirofficialcapacities;and

(b) thecompetentjudicial,administrativeorlegislativeauthorityoranyothercompetentauthority,shallruleontherightsofthepersonwhoisseekingredress.

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ARTICLE 55 Entry into Force

This Protocol shall enter into force upon ratification and deposit ofinstrumentsof ratificationwith theSecretaryGeneralbyall thePartnerStates.

ARTICLE 56

Depository and Registration 1. ThisProtocolandall instrumentsof ratificationshallbedeposited

withtheSecretaryGeneralwhoshalltransmitcertifiedtruecopiesof the Protocol and instruments of ratification to all the PartnerStates.

2. TheSecretaryGeneral shall register thisProtocolwith theAfrican

Union,theUnitedNations,theWorldTradeOrganisationandsuchotherorganisationsastheCouncilmaydetermine.

DONEatArusha,Tanzania,on the20thdayofNovember in theyearTwoThousandandNine.IN FAITH WHEREOF the undersigned have appended theirsignatureshereto:

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FORTHEUNITEDREPUBLICOFTANZANIAJAKAYAMRISHOKIKWETEPRESIDENTFORTHEREPUBLICOFBURUNDIPIERRENKURUNZIZAPRESIDENTFORTHEREPUBLICOFKENYAMWAIKIBAKIPRESIDENTFORTHEREPUBLICOFRWANDAPAULKAGAME PRESIDENTFORTHEREPUBLICOFUGANDAYOWERIKAGUTAMUSEVENIPRESIDENT

PREAMBLEARTICLE TITLEPART A: INTERPRETATIONARTICLE 1: Interpretation

PART B: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY COMMON MARKETARTICLE 2: Establishment of the East African Community Common MarketARTICLE 3: Principles of the Common MarketARTICLE 4: Objectives of the Common MarketARTICLE 5: Scope of Co-operation in the Common Market

PART C: FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODSARTICLE 6: Free Movement of Goods

PART D: FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND LABOURARTICLE 7: Free Movement of PersonsARTICLE 8: Standard Identification SystemARTICLE 9: Travel DocumentsARTICLE 10: Free Movement of WorkersARTICLE 11: Harmonisation and Mutual Recognition of Academic and Professional QualificationsARTICLE 12: Harmonisation of Labour Policies, Laws and Programmes

PART E: RIGHTS OF ESTABLISHMENT AND RESIDENCEARTICLE 13: Right of EstablishmentARTICLE 14: Right of ResidenceARTICLE 15: Access to and Use of Land and Premises

PART F: FREE MOVEMENT OF SERVICES ARTICLE 16: Free Movement of ServicesARTICLE 17: National TreatmentARTICLE 18: Most Favoured Nation TreatmentARTICLE 19: NotificationARTICLE 20: Domestic RegulationARTICLE 21: General Exceptions to Trade in ServicesARTICLE 22: Security Exceptions on Trade in ServicesARTICLE 23: Implementation of the Free Movement of Services

PART G: FREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITALARTICLE 24: Elimination of Restrictions on the Free Movement of CapitalARTICLE 25: General ExceptionsARTICLE 26: Safeguard MeasuresARTICLE 27: Conditions for Application of the Safeguard MeasuresARTICLE 28: Capital and Related Payments and Transfers

PART H: OTHER AREAS OF CO-OPERATION IN THE COMMON MARKETARTICLE 29: Protection of Cross-Border InvestmentsARTICLE 30: Economic and Monetary Policy Co-ordination ARTICLE 31: Financial Sector Policy Co-ordinationARTICLE 32: Harmonisation of Tax Policies and LawsARTICLE 33: Prohibited Business PracticesARTICLE 34: Prohibited SubsidiesARTICLE 35: Public ProcurementARTICLE 36: Consumer Protection ARTICLE 37: Co-ordination of Trade Relations ARTICLE 38: Co-ordination of Transport PoliciesARTICLE 39: Harmonisation of Social Policies ARTICLE 40: Environmental ManagementARTICLE 41: Cooperation in StatisticsARTICLE 42: Research and Technological DevelopmentARTICLE 43: Co-operation in Intellectual Property RightsARTICLE 44: Co-operation in Industrial DevelopmentARTICLE 45: Co-operation in Agriculture and Food Security

PART I: GENERAL PROVISIONSARTICLE 46: Institutional FrameworkARTICLE 47: Approximation and Harmonisation of Policies, Laws and SystemsARTICLE 48: Safeguard MeasuresARTICLE 49: Measures to Address Imbalances ARTICLE 50: Monitoring and Evaluation of Implementation of the Common MarketARTICLE 51: Regulations, Directives and DecisionsARTICLE 52: AnnexesARTICLE 53: Amendment of the ProtocolARTICLE 54: Settlement of DisputesARTICLE 55: Entry into Force ARTICLE 56: Depository and Registration

PREAMBLEPART AINTERPRETATIONARTICLE 1Interpretation

PART BESTABLISHMENT OF THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY COMMON MARKETARTICLE 2Establishment of the East African Community Common MarketARTICLE 3Principles of the Common MarketARTICLE 4Objectives of the Common MarketARTICLE 5Scope of Co-operation in the Common Market

PART CFREE MOVEMENT OF GOODSARTICLE 6 Free Movement of Goods

PART DFREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND LABOURARTICLE 7Free Movement of PersonsARTICLE 8Standard Identification SystemARTICLE 9Travel DocumentsARTICLE 10Free Movement of WorkersARTICLE 11Harmonisation and Mutual Recognition of Academic and Professional QualificationsARTICLE 12Harmonisation of Labour Policies, Laws and Programmes

PART ERIGHTS OF ESTABLISHMENT AND RESIDENCEARTICLE 13Right of EstablishmentARTICLE 14Right of ResidenceARTICLE 15Access to and Use of Land and Premises

PART FFREE MOVEMENT OF SERVICES ARTICLE 16Free Movement of ServicesARTICLE 17National TreatmentARTICLE 18Most Favoured Nation TreatmentARTICLE 19NotificationARTICLE 20Domestic RegulationARTICLE 21General Exceptions to Trade in ServicesARTICLE 22 Security Exceptions on Trade in ServicesARTICLE 23 Implementation of the Free Movement of Services

PART GFREE MOVEMENT OF CAPITALARTICLE 24 Elimination of Restrictions on the Free Movement of CapitalARTICLE 25 General ExceptionsARTICLE 26 Safeguard MeasuresARTICLE 27 Conditions for Application of the Safeguard MeasuresARTICLE 28 Capital and Related Payments and Transfers

PART HARTICLE 29Protection of Cross-Border InvestmentsARTICLE 30Economic and Monetary Policy Co-ordination ARTICLE 31Financial Sector Policy Co-ordinationARTICLE 32Harmonisation of Tax Policies and LawsARTICLE 33Prohibited Business PracticesARTICLE 34Prohibited SubsidiesARTICLE 35 Public ProcurementARTICLE 36 Consumer Protection Article 37 Co-ordination of Trade Relations ARTICLE 38Co-ordination of Transport PoliciesARTICLE 39Harmonisation of Social Policies ARTICLE 40Environmental ManagementARTICLE 41Cooperation in StatisticsARTICLE 42Research and Technological DevelopmentARTICLE 43 Co-operation in Intellectual Property RightsARTICLE 44 Co-operation in Industrial DevelopmentARTICLE 45 Co-operation in Agriculture and Food Security

PART IGENERAL PROVISIONSARTICLE 46Institutional FrameworkARTICLE 47 Approximation and Harmonisation of Policies, Laws and SystemsARTICLE 48Safeguard MeasuresARTICLE 49Measures to Address Imbalances ARTICLE 50Monitoring and Evaluation of Implementation of the Common MarketARTICLE 51 Regulations, Directives and Decisions ARTICLE 52AnnexesARTICLE 53 Amendment of the ProtocolARTICLE 54 Settlement of DisputesARTICLE 55 Entry into Force ARTICLE 56 Depository and Registration