cm p planning

7/28/2019 CM P Planning

1/19

Project Planning

13/01/2002 Emad Elbeltagi

Project Planning

Planning in General : SWOT analysis

S: Strengths

W: Weaknesses

O: Opportunities

T: ThreatsObjectives should be: SMART

S: Specific

M: Measurable

A: Achievable

R: Realistic

T: Timely


2/19


Project Planning

Characteristics of a good plan

Based on clearly definite and practical objectives Simple

Flexible

Easy to control

Provide proper standards

Exploit existing resources, etc.


Project Planning

Planning Inputs and Outputs

Contract information

Drawings

SpecificationsAvailable resources

Bills of quantities

Site reports

Organizational data

Construction methods

Activities

Relationships among activities

Method statement

Responsibility

Reporting levels

Project network diagram

Activities duration

Activities cost

INPUTS OUTPUTS

PLANNING


3/19


Project Planning

Planning Major steps

Determination of Project Activities (WHAT)

Establishment of Logic; Relationships and overlap (How)

Presentation (Table, Network, Chart, )

Estimate Activities Duration and Cost (When)


Project Planning

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

The WBS is a hierarchical structure which is designed to

logically sub-divide all the work-elements of the project into

smaller elements.

House

Civil Plumping Electrical

Foundations Walls/

Roof

Pipin

g

H/C

Water

Wiring Finishing


4/19


Project Planning

Work Breakdown Structure (Why)

Prepare project plan

Identifying Activities

Scheduling

Identifying cost & schedule at various levels of

details

Time & cost control

Identifying individual or departmental responsibilities


Project Planning

WBS & Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)

Project

Area 1 Area 3

Beams Columns Slabs

Formwork Reinforcement Concreting

OBS

(Responsibility

& reporting)

Area 2

Project

manager

WBS (Work elements)

Subcontr

actor A

General

contractor

Subcontr

actor B

Civil

superinte

ndent

Mechanic

al

superinte

ndent

Electricalsuperinte

ndent

Formwork

foreman

Rebar

foreman

Concrete

foreman

Control account


5/19


Project Planning

WBS Coding

Each work package or activity in a WBS is given a

unique code that is used in project planning and

control Identifying Activities


Project Planning

Project Activities

Project is divided into segments of work called activities

Activity: Time-consuming single work element

Guidelines for project breakdown: by: area of

responsibility, structural element, category of work, etc.

Level of details depends on: planning stage, size of the

project, complexity of the work, etc.


6/19


Project Planning

Project Activities

Types of construction activities:

Production: taken directly from drawings and/or

specifications

Management (Approvals, site establishment, etc).

Procurement (equipment delivery, material

procurement)


Project Planning

Project Activities

Example (Double Span Bridge):

Precast

beams

Deck

slab

Road base left Road base right

Hand rail


7/19

-Clear site200

-Bridge railing190

-Road surface180

-Right road base170

-Left road base160

-Construct deck slab155

-Fill right embankment150

-Fill left embankment140

-Erect right P.C. Beams120

-Erect left P.C. Beams110

-Construct central pier100

-Construct right abutment90

-Construct left abutment80

-Foundation central pier70

-Foundation right abutment60

-Foundation left abutment50

-Excavate central pier40

-Excavate right abutment30

-Excavate left abutment20

-Procure P.C. Beams16

-Procure RFT14

-Set-up site10

DescriptionCode


Project Planning

Activities Relationships

The order in which project activities are to be performed

Which activity(ies) must be completed before an activity

can start

Which activity(ies) can not start until activity completion

Which activity(ies) have no logical relations

Logic constraints: Physical, and Resources


8/19


Project Planning

Predecessors

Controls the start or finish of another activity

Successors

Depends on the start or finish of another activity

Predecessor

to Act. B

Successor to

Act. B

180, 190Clear site200

155Bridge railing190

155, 160, 170Road surface180

150Right road base170

140Left road base160

110, 120Construct deck slab155

90Fill right embankment150

80Fill left embankment140

16, 90, 100Erect right P.C. Beams120

16, 80, 100Erect left P.C. Beams110

70Construct central pier100

60Construct right abutment90

50Construct left abutment80

14, 40Foundation central pier70

14, 30Foundation right abutment60

14, 20Foundation left abutment50

10Excavate central pier40

10Excavate right abutment30

10Excavate left abutment20

---Procure P.C. Beams16

---Procure RFT14

---Set-up site10

PredecessorsDescriptionCode


9/19


Project Planning

Type of Activities Relationships

Four Types:

Finish to Start (FS) Finish to Finish (FF)

Start to Start (SS) Start to Finish (SF)

FS FF

SS SF


Project Planning


Finish-Start

When A finishes, then B can start

Default Relationship

A

First Activity

B

Second Activity


10/19


Project Planning


Start-Start

When A starts, then B can start

A

First Activity

B

Second Activity


Project Planning


Finish-Finish

When A finishes, then B can finish

AFirst Activity

B

Second Activity


11/19


Project Planning


Start-Finish

When A starts, then B can finish

A

First Activity

B

Second Activity


Project Planning

Overlaps

how much a particular activity must be completed

before a succeeding activity may start

Used for activities not using the same type of resources

With a value less than the duration of the preceding activity

+ve overlap (-ve lag) -ve overlap (+ve lag)


12/19


Project Planning

Overlaps

Example

Consider the construction of the following sequential activities of

a bridge consists of 19 bays

Pile manufacturing with duration 2.5 wks/pier

Pile driving with duration 1.5 wks/pier

Pile cap with duration 2.0 wks/pier

Pier shaft with duration 2.5 wks/pier

Determine the appropriate overlap between activities


Project Planning

Relationships Considering Resource Constraints

-

A1B1

A1

B1, A2

C1, B2

A2

B2, A3

C2, B3

-

A1B1

-

A2

B2

-

A3

B3

Excavate unit 1

Concreting unit 1Brickwork unit 1

Excavate unit 2

Concreting unit 2

Brickwork unit 2

Excavate unit 3

Concreting unit 3

Brickwork unit 3

A1

B1C1

A2

B2

C2

A3

B3

C3

Predecessors

(constrained

resources)

Predecessors

(unconstrained

resources)

descriptionActivity


13/19


Project Planning

Project networks: AOA

Two Types:

Activity-On-Arrow; AOA (Arrow Networks).Activity-On-Node; AON (Precedence Networks):

AOA

Activity represented as arrows with start and finish nodes called

Events

i jActivity A

j > i


Project Planning


5A

10 15B

B depends on A

5A

10 15C

5

B

C depends on A and B

5A

10 15C

15B B depends on A

C depends on A

15D

15C C depends on A and B

D depends on A and B

5

B 10

5 A


14/19


Project Planning


Dummy activity

Activity with zero duration and no resources to adjust the network

Incorrect representation

20C

5A

15

10

B

C depends on A and B; D depends on B only

25

D

Correct representation

5A

20 25C

1510B

30D

Dummy

15A

5

B

5 15A

10

BDummy


Project Planning

Project networks: AON

AOA

Activity represented as nodes

10

A

Activity number

Activity name


15/19


Project Planning

Project networks: AON

B depends on A10

A

20

B

C depends on A and B

D depends on C

30

C

10

A

20

B

40

D

B depends on A

C depends on B

D depends on B

10

A

20

B

40D

30

C


Project Planning

Project networks: Example

--

A, B

C

C

D

D, E

AB

C

D

E

F

G

PredecessorsActivity


16/19


Project Planning

Project networks: Example (AOA)


Project Planning

Project networks: Example (AON)

SS(C)+1 = 4

SS(D)+1 = 4

Highest of [SS(D), SS(E)] = 5

Highest of [SS(F), SS(G)] = 5

C

D

D, E

F, G

E

F

G

Finish

Calculate the Sequence step

Start - SS(Start) = 1

A - SS(Start) +1 = 2

B - SS(Start) +1 = 2

C A, B Highest of [SS(B), SS(A)] = 3

D C SS(C) +1 = 4

Activity Predecessor Sequence step (SS)


17/19


Project Planning

Project networks: Example (AON)

Sequence step 1 2 3 4 5 6


Project Planning

Activity Duration & Direct Cost

Planning time unit (hours, days, weeks, months)

Establish method statement (method of construction)

Specify number of resources, and hence output

Duration = Quantity of work / No. of Res. x Res. Output


18/19


Project Planning


Productivity data

Man-hours/ unit

Mhrs/unit

Daily production

Units/day

How long it takes form one

labor to finish one unit

Applies to any crew formation

How many units can be done

in one time unit

Applies to a given crew

Productivity can be estimated:

From published data ( )

Previous records of a company


Project Planning

Activity Duration & Direct CostExample

What is the duration to install 6000 square feet of walls shuttering if:

Crew of 2 carpenters is used, output of 200 square feet/day

Productivity is measured as 0.008 man-hour/square feet. Number

of carpenters =3, and number of working hours/day = 8 hours

a. Duration = 6000 / 200 = 3 days

b. Total man-hours needed = 6000 x 0.008 = 48 man-hours (if one manused)

Duration = 48 / 8 = 6 days (if one man used)

Duration using 3 men = 6 / 3 = 2 days


19/19


Project Planning


Example (balanced mix of resources)

A wall involves 660 m3 concrete, 50 tone of steel, and 790 m2 of formwork.

- A 6 man concrete crew can place 16 m3 of concrete/day.

- A steel-fixer and assistant can fix 0.5 ton of reinforcement/day.

- A carpenter and assistant can fix and remove 16 m2 of shuttering/day

- using one steel-fixer: duration = 50 / 0.5 = 100 days

- using one carpenter: duration = 790 / 16 = 49.4 days

- using one concreting crew: duration = 660 / 16 = 41.25 days.

2 steel-fixer crews, one carpenter crew, and cone concreting crew.

duration = 50 / 0.5 x 2 = 50 days


Project Planning


Activity direct cost:

Duration, resources, and cost are interrelated elements

Direct cost comprises: labor, material, equipment, and/or

subcontractors

Unit cost = total cost / quantity

cm p planning

Documents