Clusters of Galaxies

in the Microwaves

Clusters of Galaxiesin the Microwaves

Sunyaev & Zel'dovich EffectCMB+CLUSTERS

Sunyaev & Zel'dovich Effect

Thermal S-Z Effect

Kinetic S-Z effect

Sunyaev & Zel'dovich Effect

1) SZ effect depends on the projection of n along the line of sights

2) SZ effect is independent of redshift

1) Combination of SZ and X-ray observations gives important information on the gas structure ; Combination of SZ and X-ray observations provide information on the cluster Distance (estimate of H0)

2) SZ observations allow to observe (in principle) all the clusters in the universe

dI/d=0

Sunyaev & Zel'dovich Effect

SZ Observation Techniques

Single dish Bolometric array Interferometer

The OVRO (Owens Valley Radio Observatory)

40-Meter and 5.5-Meter Telescope

APEX-SZ

•330 element transition edge sensor (TES) monolithic bolometer array •0.4 degree field of view •Single color observations at 2 and 1.4 mm wavelengths •Single-moded horn coupled array for RF and stray light shielding •SQUID readouts on individual bolometers •Survey 200 square degrees to 10 micro-K_CMB sensitivity per 0.8' pixel in two seasons at 2 mm wavelength •Single detector NET of 350 micro-K √ s •Pulse-tube cooler-based cryostat to eliminate liquid cryogens

SuZIE The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Infrared Experiment

The SuZIE experiment measures the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect at multiple frequencies between 150 and 350 GHz, from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory on Mauna Kea in Hawai'i.

OVMMA (Millimeter-Wavelength Array)

The Planck Mission

The Planck Mission

Cosmology with SZ Clusters

SZ sky of Known Clusters

903 clusters

Mazzotta

SZ sky including all clusters not detected in X-rays

85,537,821 clusters M>1.E13

Mazzotta

Cold Fronts: implications for the kinetic SZ Effect and

the CMB polarization Diego, Mazzotta, Silk, ApJL

Kinetic SZ Effect and CMB Polarization

2t

r

v

vgS

Signal Variation with respect to the“Classic SZ effect”

300 km/s

M=1

T=9keV; V=1500 km/s

Dg/g=5 SZ Dg/g=26 Polarization

DS/S=2.5 DS/S=13