Clown Fish and Sea Anemone

The clown fish lures in food for the anemone; the anemone protects the fish

Ant Galls on Acacia Tree

The ants clear away vegetation so the tree receives more light; the ants can only nest in the galls on the tree.

Ants & AphidsThe ants “herd” the aphids protecting them; the aphids provide the ants with food

Tape-worm Head

Humans & Tapeworms

The tapeworm lives inside the human, getting shelter & nutrition, depriving the human of some food.

Bromeliads & Trees The bromeliads

grow on the trees. This does not harm the trees.

Tree Frogs & BromeliadsThe tiny tree frogs live in the microhabitats found in the cup-like center of the bromeliads .

Oxpecker Birds & Rhino Oxpecker Birds

& Water BuffaloThe birds catch & eat ticks and other parasites off these large animals.

Vampire Bat & CowsThe bat makes a small, harmless “scratch” on the cow; then the bat licks the blood.

Alligator, Leech, & Plover

Sometimes so many leeches are sucking blood from one alligator, they actuallyweaken the ‘gator.The plovers feed on leeches they pick off the ‘gators.

Warbler feeding Cuckoo nestling

The cuckoo chick often pushes the warbler chick out of the nest. The adult warbler feeds the young cuckoo, even as it becomes much larger than itself!

Cuckoo chickAdult warbler

Dog and Flea

The flea feeds off the dog’s blood, and can transmit diseases to the dog.

Goby fish & Cleaner Shrimp

The goby warns the blind shrimp when danger is near; the shrimp excavates the sandy burrow that shelters them both.

Hermit Crab in Sea Anemone

The anemone gives shelter to the crab.

Sea Anemones on Hermit Crab

The anemone attaches to the crab’s shell, traveling with it

Shark & Grouper

with Remoras

The remora fish catches a ride with a larger fish, eating any food scraps.

Deer and Tick

The tick feeds off the deer’s blood, often transmitting disease to the deer.

Caterpillar with Wasp Eggs

The wasp lays its eggs on the caterpillar. When the eggs hatch, they burrow into the

caterpillar to feed, killing it.

Flowers &Honeybees

The bees gain food as they

pollinate the

flowers.

Gila Woodpecker & Saguaro Cactus

The woodpecker nests in the

cactus; the holes don’t bother the

cactus

Mistletoe

The mistletoe gains food and space from the tree, often killing it.

& trees

“Witches Broom”Formed by Mistletoe

Trout & Lamprey

Lamprey mouth

The lamprey uses its disk-shaped, raspy, sucker-like mouth to attach to a fish and feed from it, often weakening the fish.

Honeyguide bird & Ratel (akaHoney Badger)

Bees!

The ratel cannot find bee hives without thebird. The ratel rips apart the hive and they both eat!

Hookworm&

Humans

The hook-worm harms humans,

but gets food & protection

The Nomeus fish is not harmed by the Portuguese Man-of-War as it

Nomeus fish

hides in the jellyfish’s tentacles.

Sooty Shearwater (bird) andThe Sooty Shearwater digs a burrow to lay its eggs. The Tuatara moves into the burrow, often eating the eggs!

Tuatara (lizard)

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