cloud computing: new challenge to the entire computer industry

Cloud Computing: New challenge to the entire computer industry

Peeyush Mathur

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering

Sobhasaria Engineering College, Sikar

[email protected]

Nikhil Nishchal

Sobhasaria Engineering College, Sikar

[email protected]

Abstract

Cloud computing is a way of computing, via the

Internet, that broadly shares computer resources

instead of using software or storage on a local PC.

Cloud computing is an outgrowth of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided by the

Internet. Instead of installing a suite of software for

each computer, we'd only have to load one

application. That application would allow workers

to log into a Web-based service which hosts all the

programs the user would need for his or her job. Remote machines owned by another company would

run everything from e-mail to word processing to

complex data analysis programs. It's called cloud

computing, and it could change the entire computer

industry.

In a cloud computing system, there's a significant workload shift. Local computers no longer have to

do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running

applications. The network of computers that make

up the cloud handles them instead. Hardware and

software demands on the user's side decrease. The

only thing the user's computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing systems interface

software, which can be as simple as a Web browser,

and the cloud's network takes care of the rest.

1. Introduction And evolution

Cloud computing is an emerging computing

technology that uses the internet and central remote

servers to maintain data and applications. This

technology allows for much more efficient

computing by centralizing storage, memory,

processing and bandwidth.

+

Figure. 1. Cloud Computing

The term Cloud Computing means that you receive

IT processing as a service rather than as a product

or software. The easiest way to visualize this is to

compare to electricity: local computing is

comparable to everyone owning a mechanical

generator to produce their own electricity. Cloud

computing is about centralizing the computing

activity, similar to producing electricity in power

plants and distributing it via grids.

Cloud computing is broken down into three

segments: "Applications" , "Platforms," and

"Infrastructure". Each segment serves a different

purpose and offers different products for businesses

and individuals around the world.

A central server administers the system, monitoring

traffic and client demands to ensure everything runs

smoothly. It follows a set of rules called protocols

and uses a special kind of software called

middleware.

CLOUD: The term cloud is used as

a metaphor for the Internet, based

on how the Internet is depicted in

computer network diagrams and is

an abstraction for the complex

infrastructure it conceals.

COMPUTING: The broader term of

“Computing” encompasses: Computation

Coordination logic Storage

223Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC-2010)

2010 1st International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC - 2010)

978-1-4244-7674-9/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE

Figure. 2. Evolution Cloud Com

2. Architecture of cloud comp

2.1 Cloud Computing Layers

Fig2 Cloud Computing Lay

2.1.1 Client

A cloud client consists of computer har

computer software that relies on clou

for application delivery, or that is

designed for delivery of cloud service

either case, is essentially usel

it.[2][3][4][5][6]

2.1.2 Application

Cloud application services or "Sof

Service (SaaS)" deliver software as a

the Internet, eliminating the need to in

the application on the customer's ow

mputing

puting

yers

rdware and/or

ud computing

s specifically

s and that, in

ess without

ftware as a

a service over

nstall and run

wn computers

and simplifying maintenance

characteristics include:[7] Netw

and management of, commer

not custom) software Activiti

from central locations rather th

site, enabling customers to

remotely via the Web

• Application delivery t

to a one-to-many mo

multi-tenant architectu

one model, including

partnering, and

characteristics.

• Centralized feature

obviates the need for d

and upgrades.[1]

2.1.3 Platform

Cloud platform services or "Pl

(PaaS)" deliver a computi

solution stack as a service, of

infrastructure and sustaining c

It facilitates deployment of app

cost and complexity of buyin

underlying hardware and softw

2.1.4 Infrastructure

Cloud infrastructure services o

a Service (IaaS)" delivers com

typically a platform virtualizati

service. Rather than purchasin

data center space or network

instead buy those resources a

service. The service is typical

computing basis and amount o

will typically reflect the level

evolution of web hosting and

offerings. [11]

2.1.5 Server

The server layer consists of

and/or computer software

specifically designed for the

services. [2][12][13][14]

e and support. Key

work-based access to,

rcially available (i.e.,

ies that are managed

han at each customer's

access applications

that typically is closer

odel (single instance,

ure) than to a one-to-

architecture, pricing,

d management

updating, which

downloadable patches

latform as a Service

ng platform and/or

ften consuming cloud

loud applications. [8]

plications without the

ng and managing the

ware layers. [9][10]

or "Infrastructure as

mputer infrastructure,

ion environment, as a

ng servers, software,

k equipment, clients

as a fully outsourced

lly billed on a utility

f resources consumed

l of activity. It is an

virtual private server

f computer hardware

products that are

e delivery of cloud


2.2 Middleware of cloud comput

Fig 3 Middleware(SaaS, PaaS,

2.2.1 Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS) is

distribution model in which applicatio

by a vendor or service provider and m

to customers over a network, typically t

SaaS is becoming an increasingly preva

model as underlying technologies that

services and service-oriented archite

mature and new developmental approa

Ajax, become popular. Meanwhile

service has become increasingly availab

user access from more areas around the

SaaS is closely related to the ASP

service provider) and On Demand

software delivery models. IDC id

slightly different delivery models for Sa

Benefits of the SaaS model include:

• Easier administration

• Automatic updates an

management

• Compatibility: All users will h

version of software.

• Easier collaboration, for the sa

• Global accessibility.

SaaS architectures can generally be

being at one of four "maturity levels

attributes are configurability,

efficiency, and scalability.[15]

ting

, IaaS)

)

a software

ons are hosted

made available

the Internet.

alent delivery

support Web

ecture (SOA)

aches, such as

e, broadband

ble to support

e world.

P (application

d Computing

dentifies two

aaS.

nd patches

have the same

ame reason

classified as

", whose key

multi-tenant

Each level is distinguished from

the addition of one of those thre

• Level 1 - Ad-Hoc/Custom

maturity, each customer ha

version of the hosted app

own instance of the appli

servers. Level 2 - Config

maturity-level provides

flexibility through configura

many customers can use sep

same application code. This

meet the different needs

through detailed configura

simplifying maintenance

common code base.

• Level 3 - Configurab

Efficient: The third matur

tenancy to the second lev

program instance serves

approach enables more ef

resources without any appa

end user, but ultimately com

in scalability.

• Level 4 - Scalable, Confi

Tenant-Efficient: The fou

maturity level adds scalabili

architecture supporting a lo

identical application insta

variable number of server

increase or decrease the

match demand by adding

without the need for any

applications software archit

2.2.2 Platform as a service

Platform as a service encap

software and provides it as a se

That can be used to build h

There are at least two pe

depending on the perspective

consumer of the services:

• Someone producing PaaS

platform by integrating an

application software, and e

environment that is then provid

service. For example, someon

offering might base it on a

hypervisor virtual machines

Beans™ integrated developmen

GlassFish™ Webstack and su

programming languages such a

• Someone using PaaS would

service that is presented to th

m the previous one by

ee attributes:

m: At the first level of

as its own customized

lication and runs its

ication on the host's

gurable: The second

greater program

able metadata, so that

parate instances of the

s allows the vendor to

s of each customer

ation options, while

and updating of a

ble, Multi-Tenant-

rity level adds multi-

vel, so that a single

all customers. This

fficient use of server

arent difference to the

mes up against limits

gurable, and Multi-

urth and final SaaS

ity through a multitier

oad-balanced farm of

ances, running on a

rs. The provider can

system's capacity to

or removing servers,

further alteration of

ecture.

e (PAAS)

psulates a layer of

ervice

higher-level services.

erspectives on PaaS

e of the producer or

S might produce a

n OS, middleware,

ven a development

ded to a customer as a

ne developing a PaaS

set of Sun™ xVM

that include a Net

nt environment, a Sun

upport for additional

as Perl or Ruby.

d see an encapsulated

hem through an API.


The customer interacts with the platform

API, and the platform does what is

manage and scale itself to provide a g

service. Virtual appliances can be

instances of PaaS. A content which a

example, would have all of its compon

hidden from the customer, and only an

for configuring and deploying the serv

to them. PaaS offerings can provide fo

of software development and testing, o

specialized around a particular area su

management. Commercial examples of

the Google Apps Engine, which serves

on Google’s infrastructure. PaaS serv

these can provide a powerful basis

deploy applications, however the

constrained by the capabilities tha

provider chooses to deliver.[16]

The capability provided to the consume

onto the cloud infrastructure cons

applications using programming langua

supported by the provider (e.g., java, p

The consumer does not manage or

underlying cloud infrastructure, netw

operating systems, or storage, but the c

control over the deployed applications

application hosting environment config

2.2.3 Infrastructure as a service (I

Infrastructure as a service delivers basi

compute capabilities as Standardized

the network. Servers, storage system

routers and other systems are poole

available to handle workloads that

application components to high

computing applications. Commercial

IaaS include Joyent, whose main produ

Virtualized servers that provide a hig

on-demand infrastructure.[16]

The capability provided to the consum

processing, storage, networks,

fundamental computing resources

consumer is able to deploy and r

software, which can include operating

applications. The consumer does no

control the underlying cloud infrastru

control over operating systems, stora

applications, and possibly select

components (e.g., firewalls, load balanc

3. Cloud computing types

m through the

necessary to

given level of

classified as

appliance, for

nent software

n API or GUI

vice provided

or every phase

or they can be

uch as content

f PaaS include

s applications

vices such as

on which to

ey may be

at the cloud

er is to deploy

sumer-created

ages and tools

python, .Net).

r control the

work, servers,

consumer has

and possibly

gurations.

IAAS)

ic storage and

services over

ms, switches,

ed and made

range from

h-performance

examples of

uct is a line of

ghly available

mer is to rent

and other

where the

run arbitrary

g systems and

ot manage or

ucture but has

age, deployed

networking

cers).

3.1 Public clouds

Public clouds are run by

applications from different cu

be mixed together on the clo

systems, and networks.

Fig: 4 Public C

Public clouds are most often

customer premises, and they

reduce customer risk and c

flexible, even temporary ext

infrastructure.

3.2 Private clouds

Private clouds are built for the

client, providing the utmost

security, and quality of service.

Fig:5 Private C

The company owns the inf

control over how applications

Private clouds may be deplo

datacenter, and they also ma

collocation facility. Private clo

managed by a company’s own

a cloud provider. In this “host

company such as Sun can in

operate the infrastructure to su

within a company’s enterpr

model gives companies a high

the use of cloud resources w

expertise needed to establis

environment.

3.3 Hybrid clouds

Hybrid clouds combine both

cloud models .

third parties, and

ustomers are likely to

oud’s servers, storage

Cloud

n hosted away from

y provide a way to

cost by providing a

tension to enterprise

e exclusive use of one

Control over data,

.

Cloud

frastructure and has

s are deployed on it.

yed in an enterprise

ay be deployed at a

ouds can be built and

IT organization or by

ted private” model, a

nstall, configure, and

upport a private cloud

ise datacenter. This

level of control over

while bringing in the

sh and operate the

h public and private


Fig:6 Hybrid Cloud

They can help to provide on-deman

provisioned scale. The ability to augm

cloud with the resources of a public

used to maintain service levels in the

workload fluctuations. This is most of

the use of storage clouds to suppo

applications. A hybrid cloud also can

handle planned workload spikes. Som

“surge computing,” a public cloud ca

perform periodic tasks that can be de

on a public cloud. Hybrid clouds i

complexity of determining how t

applications across both a public and p

Among the issues that need to be con

relationship between data and processi

If the data is small, or the application

hybrid cloud can be much more succ

large amounts of data must be trans

public cloud for a small amount of proc

4. Cloud computing applicatio

The system has proven to be favored

over time and we now have many oth

the arena. A famous one is Google

offers email, calendar, document editi

in the cloud. Even Microsoft, wh

benefited most from local computing,

its focus on cloud computing services n

The applications of cloud computing a

limitless. With the right middlewa

computing system could execute all th

normal computer could run. Potentiall

from generic word processing

customized computer programs des

specific company could work on a clou

system.[17]

nd, externally

ment a private

cloud can be

face of rapid

ften seen with

ort Web 2.0

n be used to

metimes called

an be used to

eployed easily

introduce the

to distribute

private cloud.

nsidered is the

ing resources.

is stateless, a

essful than if

sferred into a

cessing.[16]

ons

by the users

her players in

Apps, which

ing and more

ich arguably

is increasing

now.

are practically

are, a cloud

he programs a

ly, everything

software to

signed for a

ud computing

5. Security

In cloud computing, a data cen

that end-users would more trad

on their computers. This raise

user privacy protection be

outsource their data. Additio

centralized services could aff

security of users’ interactions. S

happen in resource provisionin

uted application execution. A

likely to emerge. For instance

virtualized infrastructure as a la

attacks. Cloud services sh

integrity and user privacy. At

should enhance interoperabil

cloud service providers. In th

investigate new data-protect

secure data privacy, resource

copyrights.

6. Advantages and shor

6.1 Advantages of Cloud C

• Business benefit - Businesse

the benefits of the enor

without having to impleme

directly.

• Environment Friendly - Rep

cloud computing systems red

well as reduces Co2 emission

• Ease of Backup - When com

all “Thick Client” PCs

• Disaster Recovery - Sca

hardware mitigates risk of tot

• Scalability - Little soft

customization needed on the

• Mobility of Information - Ea

• Low Initial Cost - Pertains to

6.2 Shortcomings of cloud

• Regulatory Compliance -

a provider, customers are

security and integrity of

when it is held by a third part

• Dependency - It is o

applications or services that t

to offer

nter holds information

ditionally have stored

es concerns regarding

ecause users must

onally, the move to

fect the privacy and

Security threats might

ng and during distrib-

Also, new threats are

, hackers can use the

aunching pad for new

ould preserve data

the same time, they

lity across multiple

his context, we must

tion mechanisms to

security, and content

rtcomings

Computing

es can instantly obtain

rmous infrastructure

ent and administer it

placing hardware with

duces energy costs as

ns.

mpared to backing up

attering of backend

tal data loss.

tware or hardware

client end

asily used globally

o Utility Computing

computing

When outsourcing to

responsible for the

f their own data, even

ty provider

only possible to use

the provider is willing


• Data Location & Privacy Restrictions - US &

EU have different privacy standards, subject to

differing laws

• Recovery - Data segmentation makes back-ups

more difficult

• Logging & Investigative Support - Harder to

know who altered the data and where they came

from

• Data Storage - Cloud computing does not allow

users to physically store of their data, so data

storage is done by the provider.

7 Conclusion and future scope

• Although cloud computing enables products,

service and solutions instantly to the customers

but it is still not very developed because most, if

not all small businesses today, do not have the

capability of building an infrastructure that will

support cloud computing. The required funds to

build data centers that could support each other,

not to mention the manpower support are not

enough.

• Internet giants such as Google and Amazon have

the capability to offer highly extensive cloud

computing support. Smaller companies based in

the same area of the client also exist. Although

they provide limited services to their clients, their

capacity is more than enough for most small

business needs. But even with this form of

spending, the success of cloud computing is not

even assured. This is because of privacy and

security issues. One way is to use authentication

techniques such as user names and passwords.

Another is to employ an authorization format --

each user can access only the data and

applications relevant to his or her job. Keeping all

this in consideration, it can be said that the

application development for cloud computing

would take time and considerable resources.

7.1 Future scope

• Trend of Large Vendors Entering Cloud

Computing Will Accelerate

• All Major IDEs Will Offer Cloud Deployment

Options

• Platform-as-a-Service Will Take Its First Steps

into the Mainstream

• A Next-Generation of “Middleware for the

Cloud” Will Rise in Dominance Over

Traditional J2EE Application Servers

• System Administration & Configuration and

Network Management Will Become a Sexy

Field Bursting with Innovation [18]

REFERENCE

[1] Cloud Computing Wiki.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

[2] Nimbus Cloud Guide

[3]Microsoft's cloud operating system, Windows Azure,

to go live in January

[4]Google Reveals Nexus One 'Super Phone'

[5] What Makes a Cloud Computer?

[6]The Cloud's Chrome Lining

[7] 2005 Software as a Service Taxonomy and Research

Guide

[8] An example of a 'Cloud Platform' for building

applications

[9] Google angles for business users with 'platform as a

service'

[10]The Emerging Cloud Service Architecture

[11] EMC buys Pi and forms a cloud computing group

[12] Intel puts cloud on single megachip

[13]Cisco unveils cloud computing platform for service

providers

[14] Microsoft Plans 'Cloud' Operating System

[15] "Architecture strategies for catching the long tail".

April 2006. http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-

us/library/aa479069.aspx. Retrieved 2008-05-24.

[16] Introduction to Cloud Computing Architecture Sun

Microsystems, Inc. White Paper 1st Edition, June 2009

[17]communication.howstuffworks.com/cloud-

computing2.htm

[18] GEV APERRY, GM of Cloud Computing, Giga

Spaces.


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