cloud computing [1].....the latest buzzword of it industry-csep91

8/7/2019 Cloud Computing [1].....the Latest Buzzword of It Industry-CSEP91

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`

BY :

G VENKATESWARLU

[email protected]

Ph :+919014598364
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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IV CSE,LITAM

ABSTRACT :

Computers have become the need of

Modern life today . They are definitely

an indispensable part almost

everywhere, be it for work, research or

in any such field. As the use of

computers in our day-to-day lifeincreases, the computing resources that

we need also go up. For companies like

Google and Microsoft, harnessing the

resources as and when they need it is not

a problem. But when it comes to smaller

enterprises, affordability becomes a huge

factor. With the huge infrastructure

come problems like machines failure,

hard drive crashes, software bugs, etc.

This might be a big headache for such a

community.

Cloud Computing offers a solution

to this situation.

Innovation is necessary to ride the

inevitable tide of change . Cloudcomputing is an emerging paradigm in the

computer industry where the computing is

moved to a cloud of computers. It has

become one of the buzz words of the

industry.

Cloud Computing uses the internet and central

remote servers to maintain data and applications.

It allows consumers and businesses to use

applications without installation and

access their personal files at any computer with

internet access. This technology allows for much

more efficient computing by centralizing storage,

memory, processing and bandwidth.Cloud computing is a paradigm shift in

which computing is moved away from personal

computers and even the individual enterprise

application server to a cloud of computers.

A cloud is a virtualized server pool which can

provide the different computing resources of

their clients. Users of this system only need to be

concerned with the computing service being

asked for. The underlying details of how it is

achieved are hidden from the user.

The data and the services provided

reside in massively scalable data centers and can

be ubiquitously accessed from any connected

device all over the world.

Cloud computing is the style of

computing where massively scaled IT related

capabilities are provided as a service across the

internet to multiple external customers and are

billed by consumption. Many cloud computing


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providers have popped up and there is a

considerable growth in the usage of this

service. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo,

IBM, Infosys, TCS and Amazon have

started providing cloud computing

services. Amazon is the pioneer in this

field now .

Smaller companies like SmugMug,

which is an online photo hosting site, has

used cloud services for the storing all the

data and doing some of its services.

Our paper gives a deep insight

into the basics of cloud computing, its

benefits and the backdrops associated

with it.

WHAT IS CLOUD

COMPUTING ????

A definition for cloud computing can be

given as An emerging computer

paradigm where data and services reside

in massively scalable data centers in the

cloud and can be accessed from any

connected devices over the internet .

Cloud is simply a metaphor for the

internet. Users do not have or need

knowledge, control, ownership in the

computer infrastructure. Users simply

rent or access the software, paying only

for what they use.

To be more clear, With

traditional desktop computing, we run

copies of software programs on our own

computer. The documents we create are stored

on our own pc. Although documents can be

accessed from other computers on the network,

they cant be accessed by computers outside the

network. This is PC-centric.

With cloud computing, the software

programs one use arent run from ones personal

computer, but are rather stored on servers

accessed via the Internet. If a computer crashes,

the software is still available for others to use.

Same goes for the documents one create; theyre

stored on a collection of servers accessed via the

Internet. Anyone with permission can not only

access the documents, but can also edit and

collaborate on those documents in real time.

Unlike traditional computing, this cloud

computing model isnt PC-centric, its

document-centric. The core concept of cloud

computing is, quite simply, that the vast

computing resources that we need will reside

somewhere out there in the cloud of computers

and well connect to them and use them as and

when needed.

We have lots of compute power and

storage capabilities residing in the distributed

environment of the cloud. What cloud computing

does is to harness the capabilities of these

resources and make available these resources as a

single entity which can be changed to meet the

current needs of the user. The basis of cloud


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computing is to create a set of virtual

servers on the available vast resource

pool and give it to the clients. Any web

enabled device can be used to access the

resources through the virtual servers.

Based on the computing needs of the

client, the

infrastructure allotted to the client can be

scaled up or down.

A cloud can:

1. Host a variety of different workloads,

including batch-style back-end jobs and

interactive,user-facing applications

2. Allow workloads to be deployed and

scaled-out quickly through the rapid

provisioning of virtual machines or

physical machines

3. Support redundant, self-recovering,

highly scalable programming models

that allowworkloads to recover from

many unavoidable hardware/software

failures

4.Monitor resource use in real time to

enable rebalancing of allocations when

needed

WHAT IS THE NEED OF ClOUD

COMPUTING????

Cloud computing provides atleast 1000

times more data and CPU power !!!!!

Recent evolutions in information

technology have led to a more distributed

computing environment, while also reviving the

utility of centralized storage. The growth in high-

speed data lines, the falling cost of storage, the

advent of wireless high-speed networks, the

proliferation of handheld devices that can access

the web together, these factors mean that users

now can store data on a server that likely resides

in a remote data center. Users can then access the

data from their own computer, someone elses

desktop computer, a laptop that wirelessly

connects to the internet, or a handheld device.

Users face new challenges as they try to

manage their data that might be stored in a

variety of devices. This is where cloud

computing enters the picture, a term often used in

the same context as grid computing or utility

computing. Still, there are distinctions. Whereas

utility computing is seen as a business model,

such as Amazon.coms Amazon Web

Service (AWS) that rents storage space and

access to companies,

cloud computing refers more broadly to a

computing architecture. This architecture links

computers in a grid and allows users to buy

access to data and software stored on the grid or

processing power that is harnessed for specific

purposes by the grid of computers.

Cloud computing is often seen as particularly

useful to large corporations. A company may


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have employees in numerous locations

running specialized software to carry out

data-intensive tasks.

Accessing data and software might be

practically impossible without a grid of

networked computers. These computing

resources are drawn from someplace

beyond the users location, and the fact

that they exist at an ill-defined elsewhere

is the source of the image that they come

from a cloud.

But what is keeping us back???

One of the reasons is the large scale

architecture which comes with these are

difficult to manage. There may be many

different problems with the architecture

we have to support. The machines may

start failing, the hard drives may crash,

the network may go down and many

other such hardware problems. The

hardware has to be designed such that

the architecture is reliable and scalable.

This large scale architecture has a very

expensive upfront and has high

maintenance costs. It requires different

resources like machines, power, cooling, etc. The

system also cannot scale as and when needed and

so is not easily reconfigurable.

ARCHITECTURE of CLOUD COMPUTING

This gives the basic architecture of a cloud

computing application. We know that cloud

computing is the shift of computing to a host of

hardware infrastructure that is distributed in the

cloud. The commodity hardware infrastructure

consists of the various low cost data servers that

are connected to the system and provide their

storage and processing and other computing

resources to the application. Cloud computing

involves running applications on virtual servers


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that are allocated on this distributed

hardware infrastructure available in the

cloud.

These virtual servers are made in such a

way that the different service level

agreements and reliability issues are met.

There may be multiple instances of the same

virtual server accessing the different parts of the

hardware infrastructure available.

The virtual server distributes the

processing between the infrastructure

and the computing is done and the result

returned. There will be a workload

distribution management system, also

known as the grid engine, for managing

the differentrequests coming to the

virtual servers. This engine will take

care of the creation of multiple copies

and also the preservation of integrity of

the data that is stored in the

infrastructure. This will also adjust itself

such that even on heavier load, the

processing is completed as per the

requirements. The different workload

management systems are hidden from

the users. For the user, the processing is

done and the result is obtained. There is

no question of where it was done and

how it was done. The users are billed

based on the usage of the system - as

said before - the commodity is now

cycles and bytes. The billing is usually

on the basis of usage per CPU per hour

or GBdata transfer per hour.

SERVER ARCHITECTURE :


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Cloud computing makes use of a large

physical resource pool in the cloud. As

said above, cloud computing services

and applications make use of virtual

server instances built upon this resource

pool. There are two applications which

help in managing the server instances,

the resources and also the management

of the resources by these virtual server

instances. One of these is the Xen

hypervisor which provides an abstraction

layer between the hardware and the

virtual OS so that the distribution of the

resources and the processing is wellmanaged.

Another application that is

widely used is the Enomalism server

management system which is used for

management of the infrastructure

platform.

When Xen is used for virtualization

of the servers over the infrastructure, a

thin software layer known as the Xen

hypervisor is inserted between the

server's hardware and the operating

system. This provides an abstraction

layer that allows each physical server to

run one or more "virtual servers,"

effectively decoupling the operating

system and its applications from the

underlying physical server. The Xen

hypervisor is a unique open source

technology, developed collaboratively

by the Xen community and engineers at

over 20 of the most innovative data

center solution vendors.

The Enomalism virtualized server

management system is a complete

virtual server infrastructure platform.

Enomalism helps in an effective

management of the resources.

Enomalism can be used to tap into the

cloud just as you would into aremote

server. It brings together all the features

such as deployment planning, load

balancing, resource monitoring, etc.

Enomalism is an open source

application. It has a very simple and easy

to use web based user interface. It has a


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module architecture which allows for the

creation of additional system add-ons

and plugins. It supports one click

deployment of distributed or replicated

applications on a global basis. It

supports the management of various

virtual environments including

KVM/Qemu, Amazon EC2 and Xen,

OpenVZ, Linux Containers, VirtualBox.

It has fine grained user permissions and

access privileges.

HOW CLOUD COMPUTING

WORKS????

Sun Microsystemss slogan is The

network is the computer, and thats as

good as any to describe how cloud

computing works. In essence, a network

of computers functions as a single

computer to serve data and applications

to users over the Internet. The network

exists in the cloud of IP addresses that

we know as the Internet, offers massive

computing power and storage capability,

and enables wide scale group

collaboration.

Individual users connect to the cloud

from their own personal computers or

portable devices, over the Internet. To

these individual users, the cloud is seen

as a single application, device, or

document.

The hardware in the cloud (and the

operating system that manages the

hardware connections) is invisible.

It all starts with the front-end interface

seen by individual users. This is how

users select a task or service (either

starting an application or opening a

document). The users request then gets

passed to the system management, which

finds the correct resources and then calls

the systems appropriate provisioning

services.


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These services carve out the necessary

resources in the cloud, launch the

appropriate web application, and either

creates or opens the requested document.

After the web application is launched,

the systems monitoring and metering

functions track the usage of the cloud so

that resources are apportioned and

attributed to the proper user(s).

CHANGE PROVIDED by CLOUD

COMPUTING :

UNDERSTANDING CLOUD

STORAGE AND SERVICES :

One of the primary uses of cloud

computing is for data storage. With

cloud storage, data is stored on multiple

third-party servers, rather than on the

dedicated servers used in traditional

networked data storage. When storing

data, the user sees a virtual serverthat

is, it appears as if the data is stored in a

particular place with a specific name.

But that place doesnt exist in reality.

Its just a pseudonym used to reference

virtual space carved out of the cloud. In

reality, the users data could be stored on

any one or more of the computers used

to create the cloud.

Any web-based application or service

offered via cloud computing is called a

cloud service. Cloud services can

include anything from calendar and

contact applications to word processing

and presentations. With a cloud service,

the application itself is hosted in the

cloud. An individual user runs the

application over the Internet, typically

within a web browser.

The browser accesses the cloud

service and an instance of the application

is opened within the browser window.

Once launched, the web-based


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application operates and behaves like a

standard desktop application

FLAVOURS OF CLOUD

COMPUTING :

SaaS Software as a Service

Network-hosted application

DaaS Data as a Service

Customer queries against providers

database

PaaSPlatform as a Service

Network-hosted software development

platform

IaaS Infrastructure as a Service

Provider hosts customer VMs or

provides network storage

IPMaaS Identity and Policy

Management as a Service

Provider manages identity and/or access

control policy for customer

NaaS Network as a Service

Provider offers virtualized networks

(e.g. VPNs)

KEY PROPERTIES OF CLOUD

COMPUTING :

Cloud Computing Is User Centric :

Once as a user are connected to

the cloud, whatever is stored there

documents, messages, images,

applications, whateverbecomes

authorized to the user access them. In

addition, not only is the data, but one can

also share it with others. In effect, any

device that accesses your data in the

cloud also becomes yours.

Cloud Computing Is Accessible:

Because data is stored in the cloud, users

can instantly retrieve more information

from multiple repositories. We are not

limited to a single source of data, as we

do with a desktop PC.

Cloud Computing Is Intelligent:

With all the various data

stored on the computers in a cloud,

data mining and analysis are necessary

to access that information in an

intelligent manner.

Cloud Computing Is Task-Centric:

Instead of focusing on the

application and what it can do, the focus

is on what one need done and how the

application can do it for us. Traditional

applicationsword processing,

spreadsheets, email, and so onare

becoming less important than the

documents they create.

Cloud Computing Is Powerful:

Connecting hundreds or thousands

of computers together in a cloud creates

a wealth of computing power impossible

with a single desktop PC.

Cloud Computing Is Programmable:


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Many of the tasks necessary with

cloud computing must be automated. For

example, to protect the integrity of the

data, information stored on a single

computer in the cloud must be replicated

on other computers in the cloud.

Cloud COMPUTING is scalable :

Cloud computing services are

linearly scalable. The system is able to

break down the workloads into pieces

and service it across the infrastructure.

An exact idea of linear scalability can be

obtained from the fact that if one server

is able to process say 1000 transactions

per second, then two servers can process

2000 transactions per second.

Cloud computing is Flexible :

Another feature of the cloud

computing services is that they are

flexible. They can be used to serve a

large variety of workload types - varying

from small loads of a small consumer

application to very heavy loads of a

commercial application.

.BACK DROPS OF CLOUD

COMPUTING :

10 reasons enterprises arent ready to

trust the cloud are :

1) Its not secure, cannot be logged,

not platform agnostic, unreliablilty

issue, not prortablen environmentally

unsustainable.

2) Cloud computing still has to exist

on physical servers

Cloud computing will be big,

both in and outside of the enterprise, but

being aware of the challenges will help

technology providers think of ways

around the problems, and let cloud

providers know what theyre up against.

CONCLUSION:

Cloud computing provides a super-

computing power .

It is a powerful new abstraction for

large scale data processing systems

which is scalable, reliable and available.

In cloud computing, there are large self-

managed server pools available which

reduces the overhead and eliminates

management headache. Cloud

computing services can also grow and

shrink according to need. This cloud of

computers extends beyond a single

company or enterprise.

The applications and data

served by the cloud are available to

broad group of users, cross-enterprise

and cross-platform. Cloud computing is

particularly valuable to small and

medium businesses, where effective and


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affordable IT tools are critical to helping

them become more productive without

spending lots of money on in-house

resources and technical equipment. Also

it is a new emerging architecture needed

to expand the Internet to become the

computing platform of the future.

REFERENCES :

http://ibm.com/datacenter

http://cloudslam09.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_com

puting
http://ibm.com/datacenterhttp://cloudslam09.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttp://ibm.com/datacenterhttp://cloudslam09.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

cloud computing [1].....the latest buzzword of it industry-csep91

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