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TRANSCRIPT
Closing the Loop
May 15, 2018Presented to the Sixth Emerging Water Technology Symposium by Carmen Cejudo, PE, PAE
Approaches to Net Zero Water
“To be sustainable our culture must function as a mature ecosystem.”
- Toby Hemenway, Author of Gaia’s Garden
Functional vs. Dysfunctional Systems
Overview of Cycles
The Water Cycle
The Carbon Cycle
Our current systems are disconnected
From the Humunaure Handbook
Closing the Loop includes the Nutrient Cycle
From the Humunaure Handbook
Built Environment & The Broader Ecology
Thermoelectic Power41.5%
Irrigation 37%
Aquaculture 2.6%
Industrial 5%Domestic
8.5%
Other Publically Supplied Uses 5.4%
US Water Use
Water Cleaning & Transportation 19%
End Use 81%
California Water Related Energy Use
End use 81%
Energy & Water Nexus
CEC 2005 Report
There is no “one” solution.
Closing the loop is a process that depends on scale.
PAE’s Six Steps to Net Zero Water
The first step strives to eliminate pollution
Top Causes of Pollution in Rivers and Streams
Agriculture 22%
Hydromodification14%
Unknown 11%Habitat
Alteration 10%Natural/Wildlife 9%
Sewage/Municipal Discharges 8%
Unspecified Nonpoint8%
Atmospheric Deposition 6%
Resource Extraction 5%
Urban Runoff/ Stormwater 5%
Construction Sites0.15%
Pollutants at the Building Scale
Water Budget
Analyze the Ecosystem
Analyze the Ecosystem
Rain income – average yearly rainfall
38
11
36
20
12
47
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Seattle Tucson Portland San Francisco Los Angeles New York
In
ch
es
Nature’s Water Budget
6.93
4.22
4.67
3.263.09
1.77
0.520.79
1.48
3.56
6.86
7.9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Averag
e R
ain
fall (
in.)
Inches of Monthly Average Rainfall for Portland
Reduce Water Use
How we use water
Toilet 44%
Laundry
20%
Bath /
Shower 31%
Drinking /
Cooking 5%
Typical Household Water Use
Washing &
Others 28%
Cooling
Towers 31%
Garden /
Landscaping
4%
Toilet 37%
Office Building Water Use
Reduce Potable Water Use
Water EfficientWaterless Solar Powered
Dual-Flush Low Flow
Separate Water & Nutrient Streams
Bla
ck W
ate
r
Pota
ble
Wate
r
Gre
y W
ate
r
Rain
Wate
r
Treat Using Natural Process
Architect: NBBJ
Large Scale Urban Development
Scale Jumping Impacts for Retail Water Usage
OFFICE USAGE TO ROOF AREA NEEDED RETAIL TO ROOF AREA NEEDED
Roof area needed:~180,000 sf
Roof area needed:~1,000,000 sf
S – Ne+
Architect: NBBJ
Small Scale Example: 4-Unit Retreat
Individual Scale
Individual Scale
WATER- Efficient Fixtures- 20% Saved
STATS - Hospital- 155,000 sf- Two Floors
BENCHMARKS- Pursuing LEED Gold- LEED fundamental and enhanced commissioning
FEATURES- Built to operating
room standards- LED lighting- Daylight harvesting- HVAC heat and
recovery evaporative cooling
ENERGY - 20% Saved
“Our desire is to open a wedge into the future so that we, and others can see what is possible in a contemporary office building. “ - Denis Hayes Bullitt Foundation, President
Medium Scale Example: Office Building
Medium Scale Example: Office Building
Lessons Learned• Elevated tank required
• Must filter to a smaller size than the percolation holes.
• Concentration rises in the summer.
Greywater Treatment
Living in a Living Building
The Restroom Experience
Grrrrrrrrr…
Composting Toilet System
First Compost Removal
Composting Toilet System
First Compost Removal
No odors, just dry compost
Composting Toilet System
Lessons Learned• Larger Plumbing
Chases • Specify Equipment
Designed for the Application
•Evenly distribute load •Excess leachate is an issue for overloaded equipment•Anticipate Post-Construction Changes
Rainwater to Potable
Recommendations
Blackwater Treatment
Membrane Bioreactor
Constructed Wetland
Composter
Living Machine
Wastewater Treatment
Septic Tank
Effluent Management
Drainfield
Wastewater Management
Constructed wetlands
Wastewater Treatment
Packaged treatment system
Membrane Bioreactors Sequencing Batch Reactors
Greywater Treatment
Greywater Treatment
Toilets and urinals flushed with reclaimed water
DO NOT DRINK
Rainwater Treatment
Storing Embodied Solar Energy
Challenges
Properly sizing cistern
Collection area
Rainwater Reclamation
Portland State University, NW Center for Engineering (LEED Gold)
Potable Rainwater
Lessons learned
Anticipate long regulatory process
Work with reviewer early in the project
Required to become a water district
Verify Performance
Metering:
−Total hot water use
−Total water use
−Tenant water use
−Cistern levels
Living Building Lessons
Creating a better environment
Carmen Cejudo, PE, LEED AP
Project Manager
206.596.8606
1501 E Madison Street, Suite 300Seattle, WA 98122